Kusokonezeka kumeneku kungabweretse kuwonetsa mopitirira muyeso kapena, mofananamo, kukhala ndi maganizo olakwika pazochitika; Pazochitika zonse ziwiri zomwe zimachitika sizidzakwanira, chithandizochi chichedwa kuchepetsedwa. Kodi matenda a m'mimba amapezeka bwanji ndi momwe angagonjetsere, onani m'nkhani yonena za "Matenda opatsirana m'mimba mwa mwana".
Poizoni wa Chakudya
Poizoni wa zakudya, makamaka m'chilimwe, kawirikawiri zimayambitsidwa ndi salmonella ndipo imatanthawuza mitundu ya gastroenteritis, yomwe imayambitsa chithandizo cha "First Aid". Gastroenteritis - matenda a m'mimba ndi matumbo, amachititsa bakiteriya kapena matenda a tizilombo. Ikhoza kutenga kachilombo ka kukhudzana ndi wodwala. Kufala kwa matendawa nthawi zina kumatengera kukula kwa mliriwu. Njira ina yothetsera matenda ndi kumwa madzi owonongeka kapena chakudya chodetsedwa. Zizindikiro za gastroenteritis ndi salmonellosis kawirikawiri zimawonekera patapita masiku atatu, kuphatikizapo kutsekula m'mimba, kusanza, kutentha ndi mimba. Gulu la anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu ndilo ana, komanso okalamba ndi odwala, omwe ali pachiopsezo chifukwa chosowa madzi, zomwe zimawonjezera gastroenteritis. Ndikofunika kulingalira zowononga, makamaka m'chilimwe:
- Onetsetsani kuti mazira ndi zakudya zatsopano zimapangidwa ndi - mayonesi, saladi, sauces, pies otseguka ndi mchere.
- Saladi wobiriwira, zipatso zobiriwira ndi zamasamba ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino.
- Ngati mumadya kunja kwa nyumba, samalani ndi kusamalira nkhuku, nsomba ndi nyama.
- Gulani nsomba zokha kuchokera kwa ogulitsa odalirika.
- Samalani ndi nsomba zofiira, sausages, nyama yozizira.
- Botolo la ana la kudyetsa liyenera kuyamirizidwa ndi kukhala loyera.
- Madzi akumwa ayenera kukhala otsekedwa kapena owiritsa.
Botulism
Matendawa amabweretsa poizoni wa Clostridium botulinum bacillus, zotsatira za zochita zawo zikhoza kukhala ziwalo za dongosolo la mitsempha. Pali mitundu itatu ya botulism: chakudya cha botulism (pamene mukudya zakudya zowonongeka ndi poizoni), botulism yachinyamata (ndi kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'mimba, kumene amamasula poizoni omwe amamwa ndi kuyambitsa zizindikiro) ndi botulism wa zilonda (kubereka kwa mabala a clostridia). Zizindikiro zomwe zimapezeka kawirikawiri zimakhala pakamwa pouma, masomphenya awiri, zovuta zothana ndi nkhani zofanana, zovuta kumeza ndi kulankhula. Zizindikiro za m'mimba (kunyoza, kusanza, kupuma ndi kutsekula m'mimba) kungasonyeze chimodzimodzi ndi zomwe zalembedwa pamwambapa. Kuwawa kwapathupi kosavuta komanso kosalekeza, koli. Ululu m'mimba nthawi zambiri umapezeka mwa ana, ukhoza kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyana ndi nthawi. Kupweteka kwakukulu kungayambitse:
- Zovuta gastroenteritis.
- Colic. Ngati ululu m'mimba mwa mwanayo unkachitika nthawi imodzi ndi kulira, kupukuta miyendo, kupsa mtima, kuthamanga, maonekedwe a magazi m'masanzi kapena nyansi, dokotala ayenera kulankhulana mwamsanga. Ngakhale zozizwitsa zonsezi zimayambitsidwa ndi colic, thandizo lachipatala ndilofunikira kuti tipeze chifukwa chenichenicho.
- Kuwonjezeka kwa mpweya (flatulence).
- Appendicitis. Kupweteka kosalekeza kumaphatikizidwa ndi malungo, kusanza ndi kudzimbidwa, kupweteka kumakhala pang'onopang'ono kumbali ya kumanja kwa mimba.
- Ngati ululuwu umaphatikizapo zizindikiro za urologic ndi ululu m'dera la lumbar, komanso kutenthedwa, zingasonyeze kuti matendawa ndi a cystitis, pyelonephritis.
- Zina zomwe zimayambitsa: kuperewera kwapakati, peritonitis. M'mayeserowa, ululu umaphatikizapo kutentha kwa thupi, mimba ndi yolimba, chikhalidwe chonse chimakhala chosauka. Ngati kupweteka kwa m'mimba kumakhala kosalekeza (ndiko kuti, kubweranso kamodzi pamwezi), pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo:
- Mwinamwake, kupweteka kumagwirizanitsa ndi kupsa mtima kwa matumbo, makamaka kwa ana ovuta komanso osasangalatsa.
- Ululu ukhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kubwereranso kwa chiwopsezo, impso ndi matenda a gallbladder, colic, ndi zina zotero.
Ndikumva kupweteka kwambiri m'mimba, komwe kunayamba kwa nthawi yoyamba, adokotala adzapanga chisankho chotsatira zotsatira za kufufuza ndi anamnesis. Kupweteka kungayambitse onse awiri omwe akufunira opaleshoni yofulumira, mwachitsanzo, appendicitis, osati matenda oopsa. Nthawi zina zimakhala bwino kuyang'ana wodwalayo kwa maola ambiri kuti adziwe bwinobwino.
Appendicitis
Pa matenda amodzi omwe amapezeka m'zaka khumi zoyambirira za moyo, kupatsirana kwapadera ndiko kawirikawiri. Chifukwa chakuti mimba ya m'mimba imaphatikizidwa ndi nembanemba - peritoneum, kutupa kwa zowonjezereka kungafalikire mwamsanga ndipo kumayambitsa matenda aakulu ndi owopsya - peritonitis. Chizindikiro chochititsa chidwi kwambiri cha kupatsirana ndi kupweteka, chomwe poyamba sichimalowa, koma pamapeto pake chimayang'ana m'munsi kumanja kwa mimba (ileum region). Ululu uwu ukhoza kukhala wopitilira kapena wamkati. Mwanayo amakoka phazi lake lamanja kumimba kuti athetse ululu, koma samakhudza gawo lovuta la mimba, momwe ululu umamvekera. Kuwombera ndi kusungunuka ndi kotheka (nthawi zina, musanayambe kupweteka). Zizindikiro zina zimaphatikizapo malungo, kumutu, kusokonezeka chifukwa cha kuwala ndi phokoso, kupuma pang'ono, lilime lofewa.
Chiwindi cha chiwindi
Ichi ndi kutupa kwa chiwindi, kawirikawiri kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda a tizilombo. Kutupa kumatha kukhala kovuta mosiyana, nthawi zina kumapangitsa kuti chiwonongeko cha chiwindi chiwonongeke. Pali mavairasi ambiri omwe angayambitse matenda a chiwindi mwa ana.
- Mavairasi omwe amachititsa matenda a hepatitis: mpaka pano, amadziwika mitundu 6 yaikulu - chiwindi cha A, B, C, D, E ndi G.
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) imatanthawuza banja la mavairasi a herpes, imafalitsidwa kuchokera kwa munthu ndi munthu.
- Edzi ya Epstein-Barr (EBV) imayanjanitsidwa ndi matenda opatsirana a mononucleosis.
- Vuto la Herpes simplex (HSV) makamaka limakhudza nkhope, khungu pamwamba pa chiuno ndi ziwalo.
- Vuto la nkhuku (VZV), chifukwa chimodzi mwa zovuta za nkhuku zingakhale chiwindi.
- Enteroviruses: gulu la mavairasi omwe amapezeka mwa ana, monga Coxsackie virus, akuchititsa aphthous pharyngitis, kapena echovirus.
- Ruby HIV, kuchititsa rubella.
- Parvovirus, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa "matenda asanu", imadziwika ndi mphuno pamaso, pomwe masaya omwe amakhala nawo.
Hepatitis A ndi mtundu wochuluka wa chiwindi mwa ana. Zimayambitsa kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa. Kawirikawiri, matenda opatsirana ndi chiwindi choterechi amapezeka pamene amakhudzana ndi nyansi, komanso pamene amadya chakudya kapena madzi omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chiwindi cha hepatitis A chimaperekedwanso kupyolera mu zokongoletsera, zomwe poyamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wonyamula matenda.
Zizindikiro zikufanana ndi zizindikiro za chimfine:
- Kutentha, kunyoza, kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba.
- Kutaya njala, kupsa mtima, kupweteka kapena kupweteka m'mimba, kupweteka mu minofu ndi ziwalo.
- Kuwotcha ndi mawanga ofiira pa khungu.
- Kumdima kwa mkodzo ndi icterus (chikasu ndi khungu).
Dokotala adzipeza pa maziko a anamnesis ndi zotsatira za mayeso a labotale. Zizindikiro za chiwindi ndi chiwindi ndizovomerezeka nthawi zina zokhudzana ndi mitundu yosawerengeka ya chiwindi cha chiwindi.
Matumbo a m'mimba
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timadya timadya timene timadya timene timakhala ndi thupi. Mitundu yambiri ya majeremusi ingagawidwe m'magulu awiri:
- Protozoa, microspores (amoebae, guardia, cryptosporidia) ndi ma multicellular, omwe ndi mphutsi, mwachitsanzo, kuzungulira (zofukiza, ascarids, trichocephales, hookworms, nekator, strongyloid, toxocar). Zizindikiro za matenda a parasitic zimadalira zomwe zimayambitsa; mwa ambiri
Kodi mungapewe bwanji matenda a parasitic:
Ngati chiyero cha madzi ndi chokayikira, chiyenera kuphika, chosasankhidwa, ma ozoni ndiyeno chaledzera. Zakudya zatsopano, makamaka zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, ziyenera kutsukidwa musanayambe kumwa ndi madzi akumwa. Ndikofunika kuphunzitsa mwanayo kusamba m'manja asanadye, atapita kuchimbudzi ndipo, makamaka, atatha kusewera mchenga. Mwanayo sayenera kuyenda wopanda nsapato kumene angakhale ndi magwero a matenda. Onse achibale a mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda a parasitic ayenera kudutsa ziwombankhanga kuti azisanthula, ngakhale alibe zizindikiro, akhoza kukhala tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osamalidwa kunyumba sikungatsimikizidwe, choncho musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala odzola, musalowe m'malo mwa mankhwala ndi zina zotero. Zikakhala ndi matendawa, palibe vuto lililonse. Protozoa makamaka makamaka m'mimba zizindikiro (kutsekula m'mimba, kupweteka ndi kupweteka m'mimba); ma multicellular amapereka zisonyezo izi, komanso zovuta zambiri (kufooka, kupweteka, kulemera, kuperewera kwa zakudya, kuperewera kwa magazi, kuyabwa, etc.).
Matenda a Genitourinary
Matenda a mtundu wa genitourinary, monga lamulo, amachokera ku bakiteriya, makamaka matenda opatsirana a urethra (urethritis), chikhodzodzo (cystitis) ndi impso (pyelonephritis). Matenda a Genitourinary mu ubwana (kawirikawiri zaka ziwiri zoyambirira) ndi ofala kuposa nthawi ina iliyonse ya moyo. Kuwonjezera apo, muutenda matendawa ndi ovuta kwambiri: ana aang'ono omwe amapanga matenda, sepsis ndi meningitis akhoza kuchitika, mwa ana achikulire, matenda opatsirana a umuna, makamaka chifukwa cha kubwereranso, chifukwa cha matenda a impso ndi matenda aakulu a impso. Kwa ana aang'ono (a zaka zapakati pa 1-2), chizindikiro chokhacho chikhoza kukhala malungo. Zisonyezo zina: mkodzo wamtambo ndi mafuta onunkhira, osasuntha mofulumira, kusanza, kulira nthawi zonse, ndi zina. Chifukwa chakuti ana aang'ono ndi ovuta kuzindikira matenda a mkodzo ndi zizindikiro, madokotala nthawi zambiri amafunika kutsimikiziridwa kuti ali ndi urinalysis. Kwa ana achikulire, zizindikiro zimakhudzana ndi kukodza - kuyaka, kupempha kosalekeza, nthawizina mkodzo uli ndi mwazi, wotsekemera, ndi fungo lokhazikika. Ngati matendawa agwira impso (pyelonephritis), malungo, kusanza, kupweteka kumbali ya kumanja kapena kumanzere kwa dera la lumbar (m'munsi kumbuyo, kumbali zonse za msana) n'zotheka. Mulimonsemo, zakumwa zotere zimalimbikitsa. Ngati kutentha kumatuluka, perekani mwana mankhwala omwe amachititsa antipyretic (paracetamol, ibuprofen, etc.). Tsopano tikudziwa kuti matenda opatsirana m'mimba ndi otani.