Sungani njira zoyendetsera
Zakudya zimapatsirana ndi madontho a madzi omwe amamasulidwa kuchokera kuchipatala cha munthu wodwalayo akamakokera kapena kupopera. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa m'thupi la munthu wathanzi kudzera mu chiwalo cha pakamwa kapena pakhungu. Pali nthawi yoyamba, yomwe ili ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi chimfine, kutentha thupi, chifuwa komanso conjunctivitis, komanso nthawi yowonekera. Mwana yemwe akudwala chimfine amatha kupatsirana kwambiri mu nthawi ya prodromal, asanamve msanga. Monga lamulo, chikuku chimadzetsa kuchira kwathunthu.
Kuthetsa Zizindikiro
Pa matenda ambiri a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, palibe mankhwala enieni omwe angathenso kulera. Ntchito zambiri zimaphatikizapo kumwa mowa kwambiri komanso kutenga paracetamol kutentha. Mu nthawi ya prodromal, matenda a shuga ndi ovuta. Komabe, dokotala angaganize kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa kuzizira ngati malungo ndi zizindikiro za matendawa zikupitirira kwa nthawi yaitali. Kutchulidwa conjunctivitis kungatanthauzenso chikuku. Mbali yeniyeni ya chikuku ndi kupezeka kwa malo a Koplik pa mucosa wa m'kamwa. Mawangawa aang'onowa amapezeka pamasaya omwe ali pafupi ndi nsagwada ya pansi ndipo pang'onopang'ono amafalikira mu mucosa wa m'kamwa. Maofesi a Koplic amatha kudziwika maola 24-48 asanafike. Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu za shuga ndi kupezeka pa khungu la maulendo a maculo (mabala ofiira ndi kukwera pakati). Poyambirira, mphutsi imawonekera kumbuyo kwa makutu komanso mzere wa tsitsi kumbuyo kwa mutu, ndiyeno umafalikira ku thupi ndi miyendo. Mawanga amodzi akuphatikizana ndikuwonjezeka kukula, kupanga mapulogalamu a zilonda zofiira. Chiphuphu chimakhala pafupifupi masiku asanu. Kenako mawangawo amayamba kuchira, atenge mtundu wofiira, pambuyo pake phungu limatuluka. Kuthamanga kumatsekedwa monga momwe zikuwonekera: pachiyambi kumatuluka pamutu, kenako pamatupi ndi miyendo.
Mavuto a chikuku
Monga lamulo, chikuku chimadzetsa kuchira kwathunthu. Komabe, ana ena amakhala ndi mavuto omwe angakhale ndi zotsatira zazing'ono komanso za nthawi yayitali. Mavuto a shuga angagawidwe m'magulu awiri:
Kuthamanga popanda kugonjetsedwa kwa dongosolo la manjenje
Zovuta za gululi zimakhala ndi zosavuta komanso zodziwika. Kawirikawiri pali kutupa kwa khutu la pakati (otitis media), komanso mavuto ochokera kumtunda wopuma, monga laryngitis. Chiberekero cha bakiteriya chachiwiri chingayambe: monga lamulo, akhoza kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo. Zovuta zina zikuphatikizapo zilonda zam'mimba komanso matenda a chiwindi.
Matenda a ubongo
Mavuto a ubongo ndi ofanana ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa dongosolo la mitsempha. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi njira yowonongeka kwambiri; iwo amakula mwa ana ena omwe ali ndi chikuku pakati pa kutentha kwapamwamba. Encephalitis (kutupa kwa ubongo) kumakhala ngati vuto la chimanga pafupifupi ana 1,000 mwa ana asanu. Kawirikawiri zimachitika patangotha sabata chiyambireni matendawa; pamene ana akudandaula za mutu. Ngakhale mu chigawenga, monga matenda alionse omwe amapezeka ndi malungo, mutu umapezeka nthawi zambiri ndi matenda a encephalitis, akuphatikiza ndi kugona ndi kukwiya.
Zizindikiro za njenjete ya encephalitis
Ana omwe ali ndi chikuku encephalitis amawoneka akudwala, atatopa komanso akuthwa, komanso amasonyeza zizindikiro za nkhawa ndi chisangalalo. Polimbana ndi matenda a encephalitis mwa ana, thanzi labwino limakhala lopweteka, kusokonezeka kumayamba. Pang'onopang'ono mwanayo amagwera mu coma. Kufa kuchokera ku chimanga encephalitis ndi 15%, kutanthauza kuti mwana aliyense wachisanu ndi chiwiri amamwalira amamwalira. Mu ana makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu makumi asanu ndi anayi (40%) aliwonse, amakhala ndi mavuto a mitsempha ya nthawi yaitali, kuphatikizapo kumva kutaya mimba kwa ziwalo za thupi ndi kuvutika. Kugonana ndi matenda a panencephalitis (PSPE) ndizovuta kumvetsa ndi nthawi yaitali komanso yofooketsa. Amapezeka mwa ana 1,000 mwa 100,000 omwe ali ndi shuga, koma sanadziwonetsere kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri pambuyo pa matendawa. Wodwala amakhala ndi zizindikiro zosazindikiritsa za ubongo, kuphatikizapo kuyenda kosagwirizana kwa thupi, komanso vuto la kulankhula ndi masomphenya. Kwa zaka zingapo matendawa amapitirira ndipo amawombera kwambiri. M'kupita kwa nthawi, matenda a maganizo aumtima komanso matenda odwala ziwalo amayamba. Kuzindikira kwa SSPE nthawi zambiri sikutheka kuika pomwepo, koma matendawa akhoza kukayikidwa ndi mawonetseredwe a chipatala. Matendawa amatsimikiziridwa ndi kukhalapo kwa maselo a shuga m'magazi ndi mchere wamadzimadzi, komanso ndi kusintha kwa zinthu zomwe zimapezeka m'thupi mwa EEG. Kwa ana omwe ali ndi chitetezo chochepa, chimanga chimakula mochuluka komanso kwa nthawi yayitali: thanzi lawo limakhala loposa thanzi la ana omwe ali ndi chitetezo chodziwika bwino, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto komanso imfa yapamwamba. Pakati pa odwala omwe ali ndi khansa, chimphona chachikulu chimakhala chovuta. Zitha kutha ndi zotsatira zake zoipa. Sitikupezekabe, ngakhale kuti chibayo cha chibayo chingachiritsidwe ndi antibairin mankhwala ribavirin mu mawonekedwe a aososol.
Katemera
Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha chikuku chikugwirizana ndi kukhazikitsa katemera woteteza katemera m'zaka 60 zapitazo (mu USSR, katemera wambiri wotsutsana ndi chikuku unayamba mu 1968). Asanayambe katemera, chiŵerengero cha chikuku chimasiyana ndi milandu 600 mpaka 2000 pa anthu 100,000 m'zaka zosiyanasiyana. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000, chiwonetserochi ku Russia chinali chocheperapo munthu mmodzi pa zana limodzi, ndipo pofika 2010, cholinga chake chinali kuchepetsa zero.