Kusungulumwa kwa odwala matendawa
Mapulogalamu a calcium amachititsa mitsempha (yaing'ono, yodumphadumpha zowononga mankhwala omwe amapezeka ndi mankhwala transmitters - neurotransmitters) a mapeto a mitsempha yomwe imayandikira memphane ya presynaptic ndipo imagwirizanitsa ndi iyo, kumasula kusiyana kwake. Mamolekyu a neurotransmitter amatha (kulowa mkati). Pambuyo pokambirana za neurotransmitter ndi phokoso lenileni pa memphane, pambuyo pake imatulutsidwa ndipo zotsatira zake zowonjezereka zimakhala ziwiri. Kumbali imodzi, n'zotheka kuwononga zonsezo pogwiritsa ntchito michere yomwe imapezeka mu synaptic cleft, pamtundu wina - kubwereranso kumangotenga mapuloteni ndi mapangidwe atsopano a vesicles. Njirayi imapangitsa kuti kanthawi kochepa kachipangizo kameneka kamene kamakhala ndi khunyu kamene kamakhala ndi kamolekitala. Zina mwa mankhwala osaloledwa, monga cocaine, komanso zina mwazogwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala, zimateteza kuti mphutsiyo isatengedwenso (pa dopamine cocaine). Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, nthawi yachithunzi pazomwe zimapangidwira pang'onopang'ono zimakhala zowonjezereka, zomwe zimayambitsa mphamvu yowonjezera kwambiri.
Ntchito zovuta
Kukonzekera kwa zochitika za minofu kumapangidwa ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha, yomwe imachoka ku msana wamtsempha ndi kutha ndi mpingidwe wa neuromuscular. Pamene mitsempha yafika pamtima, acetylcholine imamasulidwa kumapeto kwa mitsempha ya mphuno ya neurotransmitter. Amalowa m'kati mwachitsulo chosungunula ndipo amamangiriza kumatenda a minofu. Izi zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepetsa minofu ya minofu. Choncho, dongosolo lalikulu la mitsempha limayendetsa kukomoka kwa minofu inayake nthawi iliyonse. Njirayi imagonjetsa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kotereku monga, mwachitsanzo, kuyenda. Ubongo ndi dongosolo lovuta kwambiri; iliyonse ya neuroni imagwirizana ndi zikwi zina zomwe zimabalalika mu dongosolo la manjenje. Popeza malingaliro a mitsempha sakhala osiyana, mphamvu zomwe zili mu ubongo zimatchulidwa pafupipafupi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chiwerengero cha zowonjezera zomwe zimachitika pamphindi ndizofunika. Mu njira zina, chikhochi chikufanana ndi Code Morse. Imodzi mwa ntchito zovuta kwambiri zomwe lero zimayang'aniridwa ndi asayansi zapadziko lonse lapansi ndi kuyesa kumvetsetsa momwe dongosolo losavuta lolembera limagwirira ntchito; mwachitsanzo momwe mungalongosole malingaliro a munthu pa imfa ya wachibale kapena mnzanu kapena kukwanitsa kutaya mpira moyenera kotero kuti amagonjetsa chingwe cha mtunda wa mamita 20. Pakalipano, zikuwoneka kuti mauthenga sakusinthidwa mosiyana kuchokera ku selo limodzi la mitsempha kupita ku lina. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, nthenda imodzi imatha kudziwa nthawi zina kuchokera kwa ena ambiri (njira imeneyi imatchedwa convergence) ndipo imatha kuwonetsa mitsempha yambiri ya mitsempha, yosiyana.
Zosinthasintha
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya ma synapses: mwa zina, kuyambitsidwa kwa mpweya wotchedwa neuron ukuchitika, mwa ena - kuyimitsidwa kwake (makamaka kumadalira mtundu wa wotumizayo kutuluka). Nthendayi imapangitsa munthu kukhala ndi mtima wochita mantha pamene chiwerengero cha zokakamiza zolimbikitsa chimaposa chiwerengero cha zowononga.
Mphamvu ya synapses
Nthenda iliyonse imalandira zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa komanso zoletsa. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kusinthasintha kulikonse kumakhala ndi zotsatira zowonjezera kapena zochepetsetsa pamwambo wa zochitika zomwe zingathe kuchitapo kanthu. Ma synapses omwe ali ndi mphamvu yaikulu nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi chigawo cha mitsempha ya mitsempha mu thupi la mitsempha ya mitsempha.