Ntchito ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imayambitsa kuyabwa kwambiri, makamaka usiku. Matendawa amafalitsidwa mosavuta ndi (kugonana kwa thupi, mwachitsanzo, kugwirana chanza. Anthu a m'banja ndi ogonana ndi munthu amene wagona ali pachiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda). Matenda a mphere, mankhwala a mphere - m'nkhani yathu.
Mphepete mite
Nthenda yotchedwa causative scabies ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Sarcoptes scabei (nkhono), omwe ali a m'banja la azimayi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala ndi pafupifupi 0,4 mm. Amayambitsidwa khungu ndipo amakhala mmenemo moyo wawo wonse, kuphatikizapo zakudya ndi kubereka. Amuna ali ang'ono - pafupifupi 0 2 mm m'litali. Kuyanjana kwa nthata kumachitika m'mavesi owopsa ochitidwa ndi azimayi. Atatha kukwatira, mwamuna amamwalira. Kufulumira kwa kugunda kwa khungu kuli pafupi 2 mm tsiku. Pachifukwa ichi, mtsikanayo amaika mazira 2-3. Pakatha masiku atatu, mphutsi zimapezeka kuchokera mazira omwe amatha masiku 10-14. Wodwala majeremusi amakhala masiku 30. Mazira akhoza kusungidwa kunja kwa zamoyo kwa masiku khumi, koma nkhuku wamkulu ikhoza kukhala moyo kunja kwa maola osapitirira 36. Wodwala amene ali ndi mphere, amakhala ndi kachilombo kakang'ono ka 10. Chiwerengero chawo chimadalira kukula kwake. Kwa nthawi yoyamba matenda a mphere anafotokozedwa mu zaka za XVII. Koma, ngakhale kuti kusintha kwa ukhondo kumakhala bwino, kufalikira kwake sikunachepetse. Pafupifupi anthu mamiliyoni 300 amadwala chaka chilichonse m'matenda. Kuchuluka kwa chiŵerengero chokwanira kumachitika m'mayiko osauka.
Ndani ali ndi vutoli?
Mphungu imakhudzidwa ndi amuna ndi akazi, okhudzana ndi mafuko onse ndi magulu a anthu komanso zachuma. Matendawa amafalitsidwa ndi kukhudzana thupi. Khamu lalikulu la anthu, kuchulukitsitsa, lomwe likuwonetsedwa m'madera osauka, zipatala ndi ndende zingathandize kuti matendawa ayambe. Mbalame zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi ana. Kuonjezera apo, matenda opatsirana pakati pawo ali ambiri kuposa akuluakulu. M'mayiko otukuka, miliri ya mphere imabwerezedwa ndifupipafupi zaka 10-15. Kawirikawiri mphere sizimaphatikizika ndi mavuto ndipo amachiritsidwa mosamalitsa ndi chithandizo cha mafuta apadera, ngakhale kuti ntchito yawo ingagwirizane ndi vuto linalake. Nkhupakupa zomwe zimakhudza zinyama, monga agalu, zikhoza kulowa m'thupi la munthu kwa kanthaŵi kochepa. Kutenga ndi nkhuku zosiyanasiyana kumaphatikizidwe ndi kuyabwa kwakukulu, koma moyo wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sungathe kutha mu thupi laumunthu, kotero kuwonongeka kuli kochepa. Mbalame zambiri zimawombera m'mipata, m'mapanga, pamatumbo a mammary, kuzungulira m'mimba ndi m'mphepete. Kwa amuna, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kukhala ndi ziwalo zoberekera, mwa ana aang'ono, nthawi zambiri kuvulaza phazi kumachitika. Nthawi zambiri zimakhudza khungu la khosi ndi mutu. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha mphere ndi kuyamwa kwachabechabe, chifukwa usiku umene amphaka amachititsa zilonda pakhungu. Kuyamwa kumawonekeranso chifukwa cha kukula kwa thupi la munthu kumaliseche, komanso mazira omwe amawaika. Matendawa amayamba mkati mwa masabata 4-6, choncho zilonda zambiri m'mayambiriro oyambirira zimakhala zochepa. Matendawa amachokera kwa anamnesis wodwala, komanso kuzindikira kuti zizindikiro zimatuluka pakhungu. Ngati kuli kotheka, matendawa angatsimikizidwe mwa kudzipatula nkhuku yomwe imapezeka pamapeto pa stroke, kenako ikudziwika ndi zozindikiritsa. Ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitingadziwike, dokotala akhoza kusuntha mosamala zomwe zili mu stroke ndi scalpel ndikuyang'ana zomwe zimayambira pa microscope. Kukhalapo kwachitsanzo cha mazira, nthata kapena ndowe zimatsimikizira kuti akudwala matendawa. Mbalamezi sizipezeka kawirikawiri ndi mavuto aakulu. Komabe, mavuto angathe kuchitika kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda othandizira khungu, komanso chifukwa chowombera kwambiri khungu ndi chida cha matenda enaake. Poganizira za khungu, kachilombo ka HIV kamatha kuyamba, komwe nthawi zambiri imayambitsa matenda a impso. Odwala odwala ziwalo kapena odwala matenda okhudzidwa chifukwa cha mitsempha ya mitsempha ndi matenda, amagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zapuritus ndipo samawoneka ngati akukuta.
Scabies Achi Norway
Nkhono za ku Norway zimadziwika ndi kuyambitsa chiwerengero chachikulu cha nthata m'thupi ndi kusowa kwa kuyabwa. Matendawa adalandira dzina lotero, chifukwa poyamba linalongosola odwala akhate (ku khate) ku Norway. Khungu lamatenda limakhala lalikulu komanso lopweteka. Nkhupakupa zimatha kufalikira thupi lonse. Pa chivundikiro chomwe chikuphimba khungu, pali nkhuku zambiri, zomwe zingapangidwe, zingayambitse matendawa kwa anthu okhudzidwa ndi kukula kwa mphere wamba.
Chithandizo
Ndikofunika kuti anthu onse a m'banja omwe apezeka ndi scabies amachiritsidwa. Onetsetsani mwatsatanetsatane malangizo oyenera. Pali mankhwala ochuluka oletsedwa, omwe amachititsa zinthu monga malathion, permethrin, crotamiton ndi benzyl benzoate. Nthawi zina, amagwiritsiridwa ntchito ivermectin yodabwitsa, koma kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala am'deralo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta. Mankhwala ena amatsutsana ndi ana ndi amayi apakati. Pankhani ya zilonda zamakono, anti-Scab wothandizira amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku thupi lonse, kuyambira pa khosi, kuphatikizapo ziwalo ndi mapazi. Ayenera kusiya khungu kuti achite maola 24, pambuyo pake ayenera kutsukidwa. Kuchetsa ndi zilonda pakhungu zimayambitsidwa ndi mazira ndi ndowe za nthata. Zizindikirozi zikhoza kupitirira mpaka masabata asanu ndi limodzi zowonongeka. Njira zakuthandizidwe zapadera zimathandiza kuthetsa zizindikiro zosasangalatsa. Ndi matenda opatsirana achilendo, njira yothetsera maantibayotiki ndizofunika. Kuchiza kwa mphutsi za ku Norway kumaphatikizapo kubwereza za mankhwala. Wodwala ayenera kudula misomali posakhalitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito anti-steroids pansi pawo. Masikelo a khungu a khungu ayenera kunyalanyazidwa mosamala pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a mano. Mankhwala odana ndi oyamwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku thupi lonse, kuphatikizapo mutu. Chithandizo cha anthu omwe afika kwa odwala ndi mphere ku Norway akugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito njira za mtundu wa matendawa.