Pakalipano, ultrasound, kapena mwanjira ina, kujambula, ndi njira yabwino kwambiri, yodziwika bwino komanso yothandiza kwambiri popenda nthawi ya mimba. Zolemba za Transvaginal zimakulolani kuti muwone dzira la fetus lomwe lili m'mimba ya uterine masiku 21 pambuyo pa mimba, ndipo pambuyo pa zinayi - ndi okhala mu dzira.
Ndikofunika kuti woyamba pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba, ultrasound inanyamula katswiri yemwe amadziwa bwino nthawi yoyamwitsa mwanayo. Kenaka amatha kuonetsetsa kuti mwanayo ali bwino, adzatha kuthandiza makolo amtsogolo kuyang'ana makutu, maso ndi zolembera za mwana wamtsogolo.
Azimayi onse omwe ali ndi pakati akudera nkhawa za chitetezo cha ultrasound. Mu 1978 (ndiye ultrasound siyinali yogwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso), maphunziro anachitidwa kuchokera ku zamoyo zina za mphamvu ya ultrasound pa matenda amoyo. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti ngakhale ngati pali zambiri zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, sizowonongeka ku mazira a mammayi pa nthawi ya chithandizo.
Mu trimester yoyamba ya mimba, kukanidwa kwa ultrasound kumabweretsa zotsatira zoipa. Chaka chilichonse, malinga ndi ziŵerengero, pafupifupi ana 100 ku Moscow amabadwa ndi matenda a Down syndrome. Sikuti madokotala onse amadziwa kuti n'zotheka kukayikira matenda aakuluwa mothandizidwa ndi zojambulajambula pa nthawi ya masabata 12-13. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuyesa kafukufuku woyamba wa ultrasound kumapeto kwa nthawiyi. Tiye tione chifukwa chake.
- Panthawi imeneyi, ziphuphu zabwino za fetus ndi zizindikiro za matenda a chromosomal zimapezeka bwino. Patatha masabata angapo, zizindikiro za ultrasound zomwe zingathe kuzindikira matenda a Down ndi matenda ena akuluakulu zimatha kutha popanda tsatanetsatane.
- Ngati akudandaula za matenda a chromosomal, madokotala ali ndi nthawi yophunzirira zapadera komanso ngati zotsatira zake zimakhala zovuta kuti athetse mimba.
- The trimester yoyamba ndi yolondola pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa msinkhu wa msinkhu wa fetus ndi kulondola kwa masiku angapo. Pakakhala mavuto alionse, akatswiri odziwa za matenda odwala matendawa amatsogoleredwa molingana ndi msinkhu uno.
Kumayambiriro koyamba kwa mimba, ultrasound imachitika pokwaniritsa zolinga izi:
- Umboni wa kutenga mimba. Ultrasound ndiyo njira yolondola kwambiri yodziwira mimba kumayambiriro oyambirira.
- Tanthauzo la mawu. Pa sabata lachisanu ndi chithandizo cha ultrasound, mukhoza kudziwa molondola nthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba. Cholakwikacho ndi masiku 2-3 okha, chifukwa panthawiyi zipatso zonse zimakhala zofanana.
- Malo a dzira. Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi ya mimba, ectopic pregnancy ingapezeke pogwiritsa ntchito ultrasound. Nthawi zina pali zochitika pamene palipakati pamatumba awiri a fetus nthawi imodzi. Pankhaniyi, imodzi ili bwino, ndipo ina ili kunja kwa chiberekero. Kuti muwone ngati pali ectopic mimba, yoyamba ya ultrasound imachitidwa kawirikawiri pambuyo pa masiku khumi akuchedwa.
- Zosintha za m'mimba. Mlingo wachisanu mu sabata lachisanu la mimba umakulolani kuti musinthe kayendetsedwe ka mwana, ndipo mu sabata lachinayi mungathe kuona momwe mtima wa mluza umachepetsera.
- Chiwerengero cha zipatso. Pa nthawi ya masabata asanu ndi limodzi, ultrasound ikhoza kuzindikira kuti alipo awiri a thuk ndi matumba a fruity. Ndi chitukuko cha fetasi ziwiri mu chiberekero, zoopsa zimawonjezeka kwambiri (pafupifupi nthawi khumi). Pachifukwa ichi, angapo ultrasound sangathe kuchita, ndikofunikira kuchita zambiri nthawi zambiri.
- Kutsanzira mimba. Pakati pa mimba, chifukwa cha oyambirira ultrasound, mungathe kupeza ngati kutsanzira mimba ndi ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids kapena mitundu zina zotupa zimapezeka.
- Kuopsetsa mimba. Ngati mayi ayang'ana pazigawo zoyambirira, m'pofunika kudziwa ngati mtima wa mluza umagwira bwino. Pa masabata 3-4, ultrasound ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa ngati kupasuka kwa placental sikuchitika, ndipo ngati ndi kotheka, yang'anirani mlingo wa chitetezo kuti muchepetse mwayi wopita padera pang'onopang'ono.
Pakati pa mimba, yoyamba yotchedwa ultrasound m'mayambiriro oyambirira ingathandize kudziwa momwe chimakhalira. Njira zowonjezereka zowonjezereka zimapereka mwayi wozindikira molondola momwe mimba ikupitira.