Otorhinurgist ayenera kugwira ntchito mu malo ovuta: phokoso la drum ndilo lalikulu masentimita sentimita. Pano pali liwu lakumvetsera, chiwalo cholinganiza, mitsempha ya nkhope. Kusunthika kumodzi kolakwika kungawonongeke kwambiri, chifukwa kuwonongeka kwa zigawozi zikuluzikulu zimadzaza ndi kutaya kwa kumva, mavuto ndi zida zowononga, kuphwanya nkhope. Odwala omwe akuvutika kwambiri akukumana ndi zochitika zotsirizira: ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe munthu sangathe kumverera mokwanira. Mu Institute of Otolaryngology. AI Kolomiychenko, madokotala amachita zozizwitsa zenizeni.
Njira yothandizira opaleshoni ikhoza kukhala yofunikira ku matenda a pakati pa khutu, nthawi yaitali otitis, pamene pali chiwonongeko cha tympanic membrane (perforation) - kupanga dzenje mmenemo. Timakonza zofooka za tympanic membrane ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, ngakhale kubwezeretsanso. Timatenga chidutswa cha minofu ya mthupi ndikupanga nembanemba yatsopano. Imaikidwa m'malo mwa zowonongeka, kenako imakwaniritsa ntchito zake.
Nchiyani chimayambitsa kuwononga kwa eardrum?
Chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha kutaya kwakumvetsera kwathunthu, komwe kuli kovuta kuchiza, ndiko kutukumula kosatha kwa khutu la pakati, ndipo chofala kwambiri, chomwe chimakhumudwitsidwa ndi odwala okha, ndizolowezi kuyeretsa khutu ndi ndodo yaukhondo, zomwe zingayambitse kupweteka, komwe kumayambitsa kutupa. Pakapita nthawi, kuvulala kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti pakhale phokoso.
Ndipo momwe mungasamalire bwino khutu lanu?
Pogwiritsa ntchito thonje swabs kuti asamalire chingwe chamakutu, koma popanda kulowa mkati mwa khutu. Apo ayi, inu mudzasunthira sulfure ku nembanemba, ndipo katswiri yekha angakhoze kuchipeza icho kuchokera kumeneko.
Khutu lathu liri ndi luso lapadera lodziyeretsa. Pakuyenda kwa minofu ya nkhope, mbali yakunja ya khutu imayenda, yomwe ikugwirizana ndi nsagwada. Ndondomeko yoyenda ikuyamba, ndipo sulfure imachotsedwa. Kuti mutenge zomwe zikuwoneka zosayenera kuti musakhale - zowonongeka zoterezi zingathe kutha. Ngati pulasitiki yakhazikika, mukufuna thandizo la katswiri. Khutu limatsukidwa kapena kuchotsedwa ndi chida chapadera.
Anthu ena omwe ali ndi ululu m'makutu amathandizidwa. Kodi ndingatani izi popanda kudzivulaza ndekha?
Izi siziyenera kuchitika . Mwachitsanzo, simungagwetse chilichonse mumakutu mwanu. Otitis amachiritsidwa molingana ndi ndondomeko ya otolaryngologist. Madontho ena ali ndi maantibayotiki a mtundu woopsa, wogwiritsidwa ntchito mosagwiritsidwa ntchito umene ungapangitse kutaya pang'ono kapena kumveka kwakumvetsera. Izi zimachitika pamene pali perforation (dzenje mu memphane). Ndalamazi zimaperekedwa ndi kunja otitis kokha ngati nembanemba ili yonse. Ngati otitis imachitika, ndizoopsa! Simungathe kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa kapena mafuta a camphor popanda mankhwala a madokotala - mankhwalawa amakhalanso osiyana. Modzichepetsa kwambiri, munthu ayenera kuyandikira njira za anthu zothandizira. Mwachitsanzo, chaka chilichonse timakonza zotsatira za mankhwala ndi makandulo: zimayatsa pafupi ndi khutu, Sera imatuluka mumng'oma ndipo imamangirira bwino. Zingatheke opaleshoni yokha.
Nthawi zina munthu amadandaula chifukwa cha kutaya kwakumva, ngakhale kuti sanavutikepo ndi otitis.
Izi zimachitika, mwachitsanzo, ndi otosclerosis. Sitiroko - fupa kakang'ono kwambiri - limatayika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa khutu la mkati. Ngati zokhazo zowonongeka zowonongeka, kumvetsera kungabwezeretsedwe. Koma pamene mitsempha yowonjezera inavutsidwanso, zipangizo zoyenera zimayenera.
Kodi ntchitoyi ikupita bwanji komanso ndiyitali bwanji?
Chifukwa chosowa kumva, mankhwala amafunikira, kuphatikizapo opaleshoni. Njira yothandizira opaleshoni imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito microscope, kudzera m'makutu a khutu (tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono ta masentimita 4 m'kati mwake ndi osachepera 1 masentimita m'lifupi). Dokotala wochita opaleshoni amachita opaleshoniyi kwa mphindi 15-20. Kale pa tebulo loyendetsa, wodwala amayamba kumva.
Anthu okhala m'mizinda ikuluikulu amavutika kwambiri kumva. Kuposa momwe izo zawonongeka?
Ziphuphu zam'mbuyo, koma sizowonongeka monga mkokomo, mokweza. Nyimbo mu mafilimu, mafilimu okhala ndi mawu omveka bwino, makutu ammutu amamvetsera kwambiri pambali pa mitsempha yodziwika bwino. Perekani zokonda makutu akuluakulu omwe ali ndi chingwe chamtundu. Pambuyo phokoso lalikulu, mitsempha imatenga nthawi kuti ipezenso. Ngati mukumenyana mwamphamvu ndi mitsempha yochulukirapo, iye, pamapeto pake, sadzaima: kotero mukhoza kutaya makutu anu. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa izi nthawi ndikutenga zoyenera.
Poyamba, mwana amene anabadwa popanda kumva anamwalira chifukwa chosamva. Lero mumapatsa ana awa chisangalalo chomwe amamva. Kodi mwakhala mukuchita ntchito zotani nthawi yayitali mu bungwe lanu? Choyamba chokhazikika mu Soviet Union chinapangidwa mu 1991. Anatsogoleredwa ndi pulofesa wake Sushko, ndipo ine, monga dokotala wa opaleshoni woyamba, anathandizira. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, zopangidwa 250 zapangidwa ku Ukraine. Mudziko lapansi, pali maofesi 12-20 mwa anthu miliyoni. Chitsanzo cha Croatia, komwe ana ogontha amathandizidwa m'dziko lonse lapansi, ndi choyenera kutsanzira. Mwana akangokhala ndi chiwongolero choterechi, woyendetsa mafoni amayitana onse ogwiritsa ntchito kuti asiye $ 1 payekha. Pamapeto pake, vutoli linathetsedwa m'dzikoli. Ndikukhulupirira kuti ku Ukraine izi n'zotheka. Anthu omwe amamvetsera amalephera kupeza thandizo m'dera lathu, ngakhale kuti akufunikira kwambiri kumvetsetsa ndi kuthandizidwa. Zambiri zomwe timadandaula nazo, ambiri a iwo amakhala okha ndi mavuto awo, kuthetsa mavuto awo okha.
Kodi n'chiyani chimayambitsa kugontha?
Kuvulala kwa craniocerebral, komwe kunayambitsa mitsempha yowopsa, matenda opatsirana. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi malingaliro, mwayi wowonjezera kumva ndi wokwera kwambiri. Nthawi yowonjezera imadutsa mofulumira: patapita miyezi ingapo amatha kulankhulana ndi foni. Mu chipatala chathu, mavuto ena okhudzana ndi khutu la microsurgery akuyankhidwa, omwe amakhudza malo a otolaryngology ndi neurosurgery. Mwachitsanzo, chizungulire, phokoso la khutu. Timapanganso mapulasitiki a nkhope, kubwezeretsanso pambuyo pa kuwonongeka kwa chotupacho.
Nchifukwa chiyani phokoso mumutu?
Chifukwa cha kukhumudwa kapena kuwonjezereka kwa mitsempha yodalirika kapena ngalande yowonongeka - kuwonongeka kulikonse mu cochlea. Malingana ndi zifukwa zomwe zinapangitsa phokosoli, mankhwalawa akuchitika mu dipatimenti ya ubongo, kapena ndi ife. Kumvetsera kumatuluka m'matumbo pamatenda ovuta kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, wodwalayo, kuwonjezera pa khalidwe lakumva, kutayika bwino, nkhope yake imasintha, nkhope yake imavutika. Pazochitikazi, opaleshoni ikuwonetsedwa. Kuchotsa chotupa chimene timachita kupyolera mu fupa lakale kumbali ya khutu (mosiyana ndi mapuloteni, omwe amapanga ululu wa chigaza, kutsegula posterior cranial fossa). Kufikira kwathu sikumvetsa chisoni kwambiri. Kuchokera chaka chatha, poyambira ku Ukraine pa kliniki yoyamba ya cyber ku Ulaya, zakhala zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito njira ina yothetsera zotupa - cyberknife yomwe imapha chotupa ndi mazira a gamma popanda kuvulaza ubongo ndi minofu yathanzi. Izi ndi njira yamakono yamakono kwambiri. Ku St. Petersburg ndi Moscow, ndi umboni woterewu, amagwiritsa ntchito mpeni wa gamma.
Kodi n'zotheka kuteteza kumva?
Pozindikira kuchepa kwa kumva, pitani kwa dokotala. Adzapeza zifukwa ndikupereka chithandizo chokwanira. Kumva kungathe kuwonetseredwa ndi matenda a shuga, matenda a shuga, matenda a chiwindi, nkhawa, kuchepa kwa magazi, matenda a ubongo, zotupa. Kutaya kumva mu ukalamba sikuli matenda, koma mawonetseredwe a kusintha kwa msinkhu m'thupi. Choncho, kwa m'badwo uliwonse pali mphira wamagetsi. Anthu oposa 60 omwe ali ndi vuto lomvetsera sayenera kukayikira kugwiritsa ntchito zothandizira kumva.
Kodi ndizothandiza ziti mu nyengo yosambira?
M'nyengo yotentha, matenda otchedwa fungal matenda amapezeka nthawi zambiri. Pambuyo pa madzi, musathamangire mumthunzi wakuda, kuti musagwedeze makutu anu. Pambuyo pa dziwe, gwiritsani ntchito kuyanika kwaubweya wouma - pulogalamu yokhala ndi mvula imapangitsa kutupa.
Mng'oma wamtunduwu ukhoza kutetezedwa ndi phutho, yokhala ndi mafuta odzola kapena mafuta odzola, kapena mapiritsi apadera. Koma musatengeke! Mwachitsanzo, nthawi ina ndimayenera kupulumutsa mkazi yemwe adasodza makutu ake ndi kutafuna ching'onoting'ono. Chifukwa chake, kunali kofunikira kuchotsa mtundu wotere wa "chitetezero" opaleshoni. Ndibwino kuti sitinathe kuwononga eardrum nthawi yomweyo.