Helenia ndi ya zomera zotsalira zosatha, zomwe zimakhala kutalika mamita atatu ndipo zimafanana ndi mawonekedwe a nthochi. Helicons amadziwika ndi timadzi timene timakhala tating'ono, timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timakhala ndi masamba. Dzina la banja la zomera izi lidzilankhulira lokha: masamba a heliconia ali ofanana ndi masamba a nthochi, ali ndi malo omwewo ndipo ali aakulu kukula. Kotero, akhoza kukhala kutalika mamita atatu, ndi m'lifupi mita imodzi. Chifukwa chakuti masamba a heliconia amayamba kukula, iwo ali ndi mawonekedwe osakanikirana. Koma mosiyana ndi nthochi, masamba a heliconia amakonzedwa mu mizere iwiri.
Kuonjezerapo, mbewuyo ikukula mofulumira komanso maluwa, kotero, imafalikira chaka chachiwiri. Izi zimachitika motere: tsinde limayamba kukula mofulumira kuchokera kumtunda wopangidwa ndi phesi yonyenga, ndiyeno inflorescence yokha imasonyezedwa pamwamba. The inflorescence ya heliconia ikhoza kukhala muzowunikira, ndipo ikhoza kukhala yopanda malire, kapenanso kukhala pansi. Inflorescence yokha ndiyo maziko omwe ali m'mizere iwiri masamba ophimbawo monga mawonekedwe a rook, owedzeredwa kuchokera kumwamba, momwe inflorescences ali ngati mawonekedwe a curls. Mapulorescence a heliconia amasiyana mitundu yowala, akhoza kukhala alanje, achikasu, ofiira, a pinki. Zitha kukhala ziwiri, pamene, mwachitsanzo, pamphepete mwa inflorescence kusiyana ndi mtundu waukulu. Low helicons ali ndi inflorescences mpaka 30 cm ndi mapepala 4-5. Masamba aatali amatalika kufika mamita limodzi ndi theka. Mitengo ina ya heliconia ndi yotchuka m'munda.
Mu anthu a heliconia amatchedwa "claw of lobster" ndi "parrot maluwa". Choyamba chinakhazikitsidwa kumbuyo kwake chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a inflorescence, ndipo chachiwiri - chifukwa cha mtundu wosiyanasiyana. Chokondweretsa ndi chakuti mbeu za zomera zina zimatha kusintha mtundu wawo - zimachokera ku lalanje kupita ku buluu. M'mafotokozedwe ena ojambula am'madera otentha a ku Central ndi South America, wina amatha kufananitsa heliconia ndi masamba omwe ali ndi magazi omwe amakhala pamutu ndi nsalu yofiirira.
Mitundu yamtundu uwu ndi yovuta kwambiri, choncho, m'pofunikira kukhala ndi ma helicons mofanana ndi zachilengedwe. Ndi bwino kusunga zomera mu nyumba yotentha. Kutentha kwa mpweya m'chipindacho ndi heliconia sayenera kuchepetsedwa kuposa 18 ° C, ndi chinyezi pamwamba pa 75%.
Kusamalira zomera
Heliconia imafuna kuwala kowala koma kowala nthawi iliyonse ya chaka, ngakhale kuti ikhoza kukhala dzuwa, koma kwa kanthawi kochepa. Ndi bwino kuziyika pazenera zomwe zimayang'ana kummawa ndi kumadzulo. Ngati chomeracho chili pazenera zomwe zimayang'ana kumwera, ndiye kuti ziyenera kutsekedwa ndi dzuwa lotentha.
Kutentha kwake kwa mpweya kwa heliconia ndi 22-26C, m'nyengo yozizira imamvekanso bwino pamtunda wotsika, koma osachepera 18C. Komanso, chomera sichimakonda mpweya wabwino, choncho chipinda chiyenera kukhala mpweya wokwanira, koma mwabwino.
Mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, chomeracho chimasowa madzi okwanira ambiri, m'nyengo yozizira ayenera kuthirira madzi pang'ono. Mulimonsemo, dothi sayenera kuuma. Madzi okwanira ayenera kuthiridwe. Zima ndi nthawi yophukira ziyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi, monga kusefukira pa nthawi ino ya chaka kungachititse kuvunda kwa mizu.
Mpweya wa Heliconia wonyezimira, kotero mu moyo wake nthawi iliyonse ya chaka umayenera kupopera kuchokera kutsitsi ndi madzi oima. Heliconium iyenera kukhala mu chipinda chochepetsetsa, ngati chipinda ndi mpweya wouma, kenaka perekani mbewu kawiri pa tsiku. Kuphatikiza apo, mukhoza kuika mphika ndi chomera pamtambo wodzazidwa ndi dothi ladothi, moss kapena miyala. Samalani kuti mphika sukumana ndi madzi. Koma malo abwino kwambiri a heliconia ndi wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha.
M'chilimwe ndi masika, kusamalira izi m'nyumba zamasamba zimapereka chakudya kamodzi pa mwezi ndi mchere feteleza, m'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira helicons sazisowa. Kuphatikiza pa mchere feteleza, feteleza za feteleza zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Komanso, chisamaliro cha zomera za helicon chimatenga kusamba kwawo chaka ndi chaka, izi siziwakuvulaza mwanjira iliyonse. Nthaka yabwino kwambiri ya michere ndi yabwino kwa heliconia, yomwe ili ndi tsamba la nthaka, mtedza wa nthaka, humus ndi mchenga (pepala lapansi - magawo awiri, otsalirawo zigawo zina). Ndikofunika kuika helicons mu mphika umene uli waukulu kwambiri kusiyana ndi wakale ndi masentimita 5. Izi ndi zofunika kuti chitukuko cha mizu chikule. Mitengo yautali iyenera kubzalidwa m'mabotolo akuluakulu, mpaka pansi pake yomwe ikufunika kuika madzi.
Mitengo iyi imachulukana mwa njira ziwiri - ndi mbewu komanso pogwiritsa ntchito zigawo.
Njira yoyamba ikuphatikizapo izi: Mbewu zamasamba ziyenera kumera potsekemera m'madzi otentha (60-70C). Ndi bwino kuchita izi mu thermos. Mbewu iyenera kutsalira kwa masiku 2-3, kusintha nthawi nthawi madzi (madzi ayenera kukhala ofanana kutentha). Mbeu zowonongeka ziyenera kuikidwa pa tsamba la masamba, humus, turf ndi mchenga (1: 1: 2: 0, 5). Komanso, nthaka yokonzedweratu iyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi ufa wa phytosporin. Poto ndi mbewu zomwe zimayikidwa pansi pa polyethylene ndi kumera pa kutentha kwa 25C ndi pamwambapa. Mageremusi amatha kuwoneka patatha miyezi inayi, kupatulapo kumera mbewu za heliconia osagwirizana.
Njira yachiwiri ya kuchulukitsa kwa heliconia ndi mofulumira. Mizere yozika mizu iyenera kuikidwa mu mphika wa masentimita 11 ndi kuthirira mochuluka. Kutentha kwa mpweya kumafunika pafupifupi 20 ° C. Pamene mizu ya heliconia imangirira dziko lapansi, sungani chomeracho miphika pang'ono (15-16 cm). Kusindikiza heliconia, kuwonjezera kukula kwa mphika.
Zosatheka zovuta
Ngati chomeracho sichili madzi okwanira, masamba ake adzapunthwa ndi kugwa.
Kulephera kwa dzuwa kumakhudzanso heliconia - mtundu wa masamba udzataya kuwala, ndipo mphukira idzakhala yofooka ndi yopusa.
Zowopsa kwa zomera za mtundu wa heliconia mealybug, nkhanambo, kangaude ndi whitefly.