Asayansi akhala akupeza kale chiphunzitso cha masamu cha nzeru, chomwe chimalola kuti pang'onopang'ono chitheke. Mukhoza kuphunzitsa momwe mungakhalire anzeru. Koma ... masamu a nzeru sali "kuphatikizidwa" popanda galamala ya malingaliro. Anthu chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwake sizinapangidwe ndi njira yabwino yopangira malingaliro ndi nzeru kuposa kuwerenga. Kuwerenga moyenera kumakhudza nzeru zamakono ndi makhalidwe, kumalimbikitsa kumvetsetsa kwa makolo ndi ana. Mabuku okondweretsa, ophunzitsira amathandiza kumvetsetsa malamulo a chitukuko cha chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe, kukhutiritsa zolinga zamaganizo, kukhazikitsa nzeru, kupanga mawonekedwe abwino ndi luso lojambula. Koma makolo ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti chitukuko cha ntchito, kuwerenga ndi kumvetsetsa kumachitika mu magawo, m'badwo uliwonse uli ndi lingaliro lokha lazolembedwa.
Kodi chikondi chowerenga chimayamba kuti?
Chizoloŵezi choyamba chowerenga chimaikidwa m'banja ndi mabuku a ana oyambirira. Pambuyo pake, mapangidwe a wowerengera wachinyamata amapezeka pansi pa zokopa za aphunzitsi, aphunzitsi, ogulitsa mabuku. Mwana akukula m'banja lowerengedwa, ngakhale sukulu isanakhazikitsidwe komanso kufunika kowerenga, ndi luso lake loyamba. Komabe, mwa njira iyi ikuyembekezera zovuta zambiri ndi mayesero.
Ana amakono alipo mitundu yambiri ya chikhalidwe - zithunzi, zamagetsi, ndi bukhu. Komabe, aliyense wa iwo akuposa zitsanzo za zomwe zimatchedwa misa, chikhalidwe cha ersatz - magulu ankhondo, okondweretsa, osowa, ndi zina zotero. Ana amafunika kuti adziteteze okha ku "zolengedwa" zapamwamba, komanso kuti aziwerenga mogwira mtima zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa uzimu ndi makhalidwe abwino, zomwe zimapanga zabwino ndi kukongola, mtendere ndi mgwirizano.
Koma izi zingatheke bwanji? Choyamba, pafupi ndi mwanayo ayenera kukhala wanzeru, akuluakulu ovomerezeka omwe angatsogolere wowerenga ndi chidwi chake. Pokhala ndi udindo wotere nthawi zosiyana kapena nthawi yomweyo makolo, aphunzitsi, ogwira ntchito zapamwamba.
Achikulire
Afunika kuwerenga kuti ayambe kupanga nthawi yayitali asanalowe m'kalasi yoyamba. Ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa ntchito yowerenga imasewedwera ndi banja komanso sukulu. Mwanayo ali pa gawo lokonzekera la kuwerenga ntchito. Mabuku ake oyambirira ndi "mabuku aang'ono" - mabuku ofotokoza, mabuku a ana. Iyi ndi nthawi yowerenga mwachidule: mwanayo amadziwa buku "ndi khutu" ndipo amayang'ana zithunzi. Kuchokera kwa luso la makolo kapena aphunzitsi kufotokoza maganizo, kuwerengera mwana nkhaniyi kumadalira kwambiri. Pano inu mukusowa kuyankhula kolemera, kusinthasintha kwa mawu, chiyero chowerenga. Okalamba ayenera kumverera komanso osaphonya nthawi yomwe mwanayo ali ndi luso lotha kumvetsetsa lembalo, komanso amatha kusangalala ndi bukuli, kuyembekezera kupitiriza kuwerenga.
Makhalidwe apamwamba a malingaliro a ana oyambirira ali:
- kuthekera kumvetsetsa, kulola kuti mwanayo apereke chidziwitso cha makhalidwe osiyanasiyana, komanso anthu enieni;
- kuwonjezereka maganizo ndi kutengapo mbali za lingaliro la mawuwo, lomwe limakhudza chitukuko cha malingaliro. Zaka zapakati pa msinkhu zimapindulitsa kwambiri pakukula kwa malingaliro, pamene mwanayo akulowetsa mosavuta zinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa iye m'bukuli. Amangokhalira kumvetsa chifundo ndi kutsutsa ku "zabwino" ndi "zoipa" masewera;
- kuwonjezeka chidwi, kuwonekera kwa kulingalira;
- kulingalira msilikali wa ntchito yolemba, zochita zake. Ana amapatsidwa zosavuta, zolinga zokhudzana ndi zochita, amalankhula momveka bwino maonekedwe awo kwa ankhondo, amakhudzidwa ndi chilankhulo chowala, cholingalira, ndakatulo za ntchitoyo.
Mibadwo ya sukulu ya Junior
Akatswiri a zamaganizo amachititsa nthawi imeneyi kuti ayambe kusonkhanitsa. Maganizo a ana ang'onoang'ono a sukulu mwachindunji ndi mafano ali ofanana ndi malingaliro a ana a sukulu, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo ali ndi khalidwe labwino kwambiri. Gawo lofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa mwana ndi kuphunzira. Woyamba woyamba akuyamba kuwerenga yekha, omwe amadziwika ndi kukula kwa kuwerenga ndi kumvetsetsa. Pakutha kwa chaka choyamba cha sukulu, ana ambiri akuwerenga kale bwino. Kuwonjezeka kwachitukuko kwa chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe kumadalira khama la aphunzitsi ndi alangizi.
Zina mwa zochitika za m'badwo uwu ziyenera kusiyanitsidwa:
- Yang'anani pa kuphunzira, kutanthauzira kwa munthu aliyense payekha kukongola kwake (zojambula, kukonza, kuchita masewero, etc.);
- Chisangalalo, kukhudzidwa, kofuna kumasulidwa momasuka kwa zochitika zawo, zojambula;
- malingaliro omveka, omwe amadziwonetsera mwa mwanayo mu chilakolako chokhala moyo wa aluntha, kulemba "kupitiriza" kwa buku lokonda;
- "zotsatira za kukhalapo" mu moyo wa olemba mabuku;
- osati kumvetsa kokha zokhudzana zenizeni pakati pa zochitika ndi zenizeni, komanso kulowa mkati mwa tanthauzo la mkati (pali chikhumbo chowerenga ndi kubwereza mabuku omwe mumawakonda).
Achinyamata
Paunyamata, palinso mapangidwe ena a chilengedwe, chikhalidwe, umunthu, kumvetsetsa makhalidwe, zikhalidwe zamakono. Maganizo oganiza, kulingalira ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu amayamba. Achinyamata amayamba kuda nkhawa ndi mavuto aakulu a moyo.
Zina mwa zochitika za chitukuko cha maganizo pa gawo ili zikhoza kudziwika:
- kufufuza mwakhama
- gawo logwiritsa ntchito makina ndi luso (kuyendera mabwalo, ma studio, electives), kuyambitsa zizoloŵezi zatsopano zosangalatsa;
- kukhazikitsa njira yophunzirira, kudzikonda kwambiri, kuphatikiza magulu a chidwi;
- Kufunikira kudziwona nokha osati panopa, komanso mtsogolomu, kutuluka kwa chidwi pa ntchito yamtsogolo;
- kudziwika kwa amuna ndi akazi - kuzindikira za kukhala kwawo kwa amuna kapena akazi, kulowetsa maudindo awo.
- Ntchito yophunzira imasiya pang'onopang'ono kukhala yowonongeka, ngakhale kuti kwa kanthawi imakhalabe yaikulu.
Ophunzira apamwamba
Mbadwo wa sukulu wapamwamba, kapena pakati pakati pa ubwana ndi munthu wamkulu, ndilo gawo lomalizira la chikhalidwe choyamba. Mapeto a sukulu ya sekondale, kusankha ntchito, munthu amakonzekera moyo wodziimira yekha, amalandira pasipoti ndi ufulu wa nzika.
Zochitika zakale za psyche ndi zosiyana ndi zotsutsana:
- pali chidziwitso chowonekera chomasulidwa kuchoka ku ulamuliro ndi kusamalira
- Makolo ndi akulu ambiri, akuyankhulana mobwerezabwereza: Chofunika kwambiri ndi ubale osati ndi akulu, koma ndi anzanu;
- kumapangitsa chilakolako chodziwonetsera-chokha, kutsimikiziridwa kwa kufunika kwake; malo okopa kwa mnyamatayo ndi magulu osiyanasiyana osadziwika;
- Zopindulitsa zimapitirira kupitirira kuwerengera, kuphunzira patsogolo pazomweku sikutanthauza kuti chitukuko choyenera, chogwirizana cha munthu aliyense chimachitika bwino;
- malingaliro ndi mapulani a moyo amapangidwa; Nthawi zambiri chilakolako chokhala ndi moyo m'moyo chimatha kukonzekera maganizo pamasankho oyenera;
- malo apadera m'moyo wa mnyamata amakhala ndi zochitika zogonana.
Ponena za kuwerenga, apa chofunikira kwambiri chimapezeka mwa mafashoni, kutchuka kwa izi kapena ntchito ina iliyonse. Werenganinso wamng'ono samakhudzidwa ndi bukhu palokha komanso kumvetsetsa kwake, koma kuganiza kuti kumudziwa naye kumakhala ndi anthu omwe amamuzungulira.
Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yowerengera muunyamata ndizosiyana. Magulu osiyana a owerenga amasiyana kwambiri: mwa zofuna ndi zokonda, powerenga, mwa chikhalidwe cha kuwerenga, etc. Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi msinkhu wa kuwerenga, akatswiri amadziwa magulu otsatirawa:
• Kuwerenga kapena kuwerenga mopanda malire (msinkhu wodzidziwitsa nthawi zambiri ndi wotsika);
• Owerenga omwe ali ndi chidwi chosiyana (nthawi zambiri mafanizidwe a zochitika zosiyanasiyana);
• owerenga okhala ndi zofuna zosiyanasiyana (kuwerenga ndi chisokonezo);
• Achinyamata omwe amadziwika ndi kuwerenga mwachidwi, amapanga kukoma, ufulu pa kusankha mabuku;
• Achinyamata, omwe zofuna zawo ndi zochepa chabe ku mabuku a maphunziro, kuwerenga "pa ntchito".
Choncho, zaka zonsezi zimadziwika ndi zenizeni zowona zenizeni, zomwe zimakonda. Malingana ndi iwo, ntchito za maphunziro zimasiyana, komanso mawonekedwe ndi njira zophatikizapo ana powerenga.