Sikoyenera kukhala wokongola maluwa ndi chidziwitso chokula mtengo wa khofi kunyumba. Zokwanira kungofuna. Koma, ngati mwalima kulima kwachinthu chosavuta chonchi, ndikhulupirireni ine, mphotho ya ntchito zonse sizidzangodabwitsa komanso zokondweretsa ena. Koma komanso zokolola! Ndipo perekani mtengo wake wa khofi akhoza kufika theka la kilo imodzi ya mbewu pachaka.
Zosokonezeka mu chipinda
Ngakhale zomera zambiri za khofi, hafu yokha imabereka mbewu. Kulima kumudzi, kuli mitundu yochepa yokha yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa, imodzi mwa iyo ndi mtengo wa Arabia. Zimatengedwa mu chikhalidwe cha chipinda monga chomera "chophweka". Kawirikawiri, khofi ndi mtengo wobiriwira wobiriwira. Ndipo pokhapokha pansi pa zabwino ndi chisamaliro zingakule kufika mamita 1.5. Komabe, zaka zoyambirira za moyo, zikhoza kuoneka kuti zidzakhala zochepa: kuwonjezeka kwa 15-20 masentimita. Koma patapita nthawi, imayamba nthambi yodziimira, ngakhale yopanda kukopa. Mtengo wa khofi nthawi zambiri mumatha ndi chilimwe. Koma komabe ntchito yake yaikulu ndi zipatso. Mu mawonekedwe iwo amafanana ndi chitumbuwa chaching'ono, amakhala ndi thupi lokoma, lokoma kwambiri, ndipo mkatimo muli mbewu ziwiri zobiriwira. Mtundu wa zipatso, malingana ndi mtundu wa khofi, ukhoza kukhala wochokera ku pinki wotumbululuka ndi chitumbuwa chamdima mpaka chikasu. Zipatso zoyambirira zinayamba kubadwa mu September, ndipo mu November-December zimakhala zosavuta komanso zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Chomera ichi ndi chokhazikika. Ndili ndi zaka khumi, zimayamba kukula, zimataya zokongoletsera, nthambi zimakhala zofooka ndi masamba pang'ono amakhala. Pankhaniyi, mutha kukonzanso mtengo wa khofi mwa kudula korona 8 mpaka 10 kuchokera pansi ndikupanga zatsopano. Koma ndi bwino kukula kamtengo ka khofi.
Zinthu za kukula
Zomera zonse, chifukwa cha mtengo wa khofi ndizofunikira kwambiri kukula ndi chitukuko ndiko kuyatsa bwino, kuthirira, kuvala pamwamba ndi kuika nthawi yake.
Kuunikira
Mtengo wa khofi ndi photophilous, chifukwa chake amafunika kuyika pawindo lakumwera. Kulephera kwa kuwala kudzatsogolera kukula kosauka kwa mbewu ndi zokolola zake. Iye sakonda mtengo wa khofi kuti asinthe malo ake poyerekeza ndi kugwa kwa dzuwa. Ndiyeno muyenera kusankha. Mufuna chomera chokongola, chokongola, chogawanika, kutembenuza chomera, mudzachipeza. Ndipo ngati zokolola - ndibwino kuti musakhudze mtengo wa khofi. Kuunikira pang'ono kumakhala kofunikira kwa chomera china. Zidzatha kudzimva pokhapokha ngati pali dzuwa komanso kutentha kwakukulu. Makhalidwe amenewa ayenera kuyesedwa kuti adziwe. Makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, pamene kuli kuzizira ndipo kulibe kuwala kochuluka. Panthawi imeneyi zomera zidzapitirira kukula kumbali ya kumwera, kumene kuwala kuli kwakukulu komanso kutentha ndi 16-18 ° C, osati poyerekeza ndi 14 ° C. M'chilimwe chomeracho chimalolera bwino kutentha kwa 22 - 24 ° C.
Kuthirira
Mtengo wa khofi ndi wodzichepetsa pakumwa madzi. Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti sizimamwe madzi. M'malo mwake, iwo amachita izo nthawi zonse, ndipo m'chilimwe - makamaka mochuluka. Mu nthawi yotentha, musaiwale kupopera. Ndipo kuyambira kasupe mpaka autumn, kupatula kwa nyengo yamaluwa, kamodzi pa sabata amakonza kusamba kotentha. Musaiwale kuti madzi ayenera kukhala ofewa, okhazikika, opanda laimu. Ndipo kwenikweni pamwamba pa kutentha kwa chipinda. Njira ina yomwe imayenera kuchitidwa kamodzi pamwezi imatsitsa mbewu ndi madzi kuchepetsedwa ndi madontho 2-3 a viniga kapena makina angapo a citric acid. Izi zidzakuthandizani kukhala ndi umoyo wofooka wa dothi, choncho n'kofunika kuti chomeracho chikhale chofunikira.
Kuwonjezera feteleza
Masika ndi chilimwe ndi nthawi ya kukula komanso kukula kwa mtengo wa khofi. Choncho, kuthirira feteleza m'nthawi ino ndi kosavuta. Chitani iwo masiku asanu ndi awiri kapena asanu ndi awiri. Ndipo chofunika kwambiri, madzi osakaniza kulowetsedwa Mullein, mu chiŵerengero cha 1:10, ndi zonse zamchere feteleza ndi microelements. Kokha malinga ndi zolemba za chaka, onjezerani zomwe zilipo, ndikuchepetsani zomwe zilipo. Choncho, m'chakachi pali mlingo waukulu wa nayitrogeni, m'chilimwe, pamene amapanga zipatso, - phosphorous, mu autumn - potaziyamu. Koma m'nyengo yozizira zomera zimadyetsedwa ndipo sizikusowa konse.
Kusindikiza
Kuti mupange chomera ichi, muyenera kukumbukira kuti ali ndi mizu yabwino kwambiri, choncho mphika uyenera kutengedwa pamwamba. Kupatsa mtengo muyenera kamodzi pakatha zaka ziwiri mu chidebe choposa 2 mpaka 3 cm kuposa kale. Mbewu yaying'ono - chirimwe chiri chonse. Mtengo wa khofi umafuna dongo, wolemera mu organic ndi phosphorous, komanso makamaka nthaka yosavomerezeka, yowonongeka ndi dothi. Kusakaniza kwa dothi la dothi, humus, peaty wowawasa ndi mchenga wa mtsinje muyeso ya 2: 1: 1: 2 ndi macheza abwino. Koma ngati chomeracho akadakali wamng'ono, kuchuluka kwa mtsempha kumakhala kuchepetsedwa. Komanso chisakanizo chabwino chikhale chisakanizo cha magawo 4 a nthaka, masamba awiri, gawo limodzi la humus ndi mchenga umodzi. Ndipo payenera kukhala madzi abwino pansi pa thanki.
Kukonza
Mtengo wa khofi ndi umodzi wa zomera zomwe, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuti zisokoneze. Mwachitsanzo, musamuvutitse ndi kudulira. Zitha kuchitika kokha pamene chitsamba chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri, ndipo sichidzakhala ndi malo okwanira kuti akule bwino. Kapena mukhoza nthawi ndi nthawi kuchotsa masamba otsala omwe achoka pamphepete mwa pepala.
Kubalana
Ngati simukufuna kugula chomera mu sitolo, mukhoza kutenga njere, kuimika, kuyisamalira, ndi mtengo wa khofi udzakula. Kawirikawiri zomera izi zimafalikira. Vuto ndi chinthu chimodzi chokha: kumera kwa mbewu za khofi pakapita nthawi kumachepa kwambiri. Nthawi yayikulu ya "moyo" wawo ndi chaka. Izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa, chifukwa kuchokera mu mbewu zana, ngakhale mu miyezi ingapo, okha ochepa adzawuka. Koma chomeracho, chotengedwa mwanjira iyi, sichiyenera kupanga mwachindunji korona, koma chidzayamba kubereka chipatso kokha chaka chachitatu ndipo sichidzasunga katundu wa amayi.
Mbewu amapangidwa, ndithudi, mu zipatso za mtengo. Zipatso zimachotsedwa. Nkhumbazo zimatsukidwa ndi zamkati ndi ntchentche, zatsukidwa ndi madzi ndikuzivikiritsa kwa theka la ora muzowonjezera potassium permanganate. Popanda kuchepetsa vutolo mu bokosi lakutali (ngati simungathe kumera mbewu), muyenera kukonzekera gawo lotayirira lokhazikika pansi pa nthaka ndi kutsuka mchenga. Kenaka ayenera kuyimiritsa: ikani madzi otentha kwa mphindi zisanu ndi zisanu. Pamwamba pake, pansi pamtunda. Pa nthawiyi, m'pofunikira kuti muwonetsetse mphamvu ya kutentha, pafupifupi 20 ° C, ndi madzi ochulukirapo. Kuwombera, ngati kuchitidwa molondola, kuyenera kuonekera mwezi ndi hafu. Mbalame zingapo za masamba enieni zimakhala pa mphukira, mbande za mtengo wa khofi zimabzalidwa.
Mukhoza kufalitsa mbewu izi mwanjira ina - cuttings. Koma imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, popeza cuttings sakhazikika mizu. Koma palinso mbali zabwino: mtengo wa khofi udzayamba kubala chipatso chaka chamawa ndikusunga zonse zakuthupi. Zoona, zidzakula pang'onopang'ono ndikupanga korona yake. Ndi kubzala masamba kuchokera ku mphukira chaka chatha, dulani tsinde ndi zigawo ziwiri. Kenaka amatsitsa kwa maola angapo kuti athetse yankho la heteroauxin (1 piritsi pa lita imodzi) ndipo anabzala mu gawo lokhala ndi chisakanizo cha gawo limodzi la mchenga ndi mchenga woyamba, kukula kwa masentimita awiri kapena atatu.Ndipo masamba atsopano akawoneka, chomeracho chinagwidwa.
Mavuto ambiri
Nthawi zonse muziyang'anitsitsa mtengo wa khofi, mwinamwake simudzazindikira momwe masamba ayamba kuuma, zipatso zimagwa, ndipo mtengo womwewo umamwalira. Izi zikhoza kuyambitsa tizirombo kapena matenda, koma nthawi zambiri ndi chisamaliro chosayenera. Mtengo wa khofi nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi korona iyi. Mwachitsanzo, masamba anayamba kutuluka, chifukwa chake si nthaka ya asidi. Kapena nsonga zawo zouma, ndithudi chipindacho ndi mpweya wouma kwambiri, ndipo mtengo ulibe chinyezi chokwanira. Koma ngati iwo atembenuka mawanga achikasu ndi ofiira, amafunika kuti mubzala chomeracho - icho chinalandira kutentha kwa dzuwa. Ndi kuthirira kwambiri, masamba ayamba kuvunda ndikugwa. Kukula mtengo wa khofi panyumba, penyani chisamaliro choyenera. Yang'anani mwatcheru chomeracho nthawi zambiri, ndipo muzidzitama ndi khofi yanu yomwe ikukula.