Kodi tikudziwa chiyani za chingamu? Ndi wokongola "namozolila" maso athu mu malonda, amakonda ana athu ndipo nthawi zina timadzicheka ngati pali msonkhano waukulu. Koma kodi ndondomekoyi yachitsulo, ubwino wake ndi zovulaza kwa ife ndi ana athu zimakhala mafunso otseguka. Koma izi sizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosaganizira.
Kufunafuna chingamu m'malo amtunduwu kumatsutsana ndi mawu abwino, koma nthawi zina ndizofunikira. Ndipotu, kutafuna chingamu kungapereke zambiri kuposa mpweya watsopano ndi kulawa zosangalatsa. Koma musanayambe kunena kanthu za phindu la mankhwalawa, mawu awa akuyenera kupangidwa: kutafuna chingamu kungakhale kothandiza kokha ngati alibe shuga ndipo ngati kumwa kwake sikudutsa mphindi 30 patsiku.
Mbiri ya kutafuna chingamu
Zimakhulupirira kuti kusuta chingamu kunapangidwa pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900. Mu 1869, William Example wochokera ku Ohio analandira chilolezo cha mankhwala ake, omwe ndi msuzi wofanana ndi pulasitiki. Mtedza umenewu umakhala ndi kukoma kwake kosiyana ndi nkhuni. Mawonekedwe otchuka oterewa ankakonda kwambiri, mpaka patangopita nthawi pang'ono sakanakhala okoma ndi okometsedwa ndi zowonjezereka bwino ndi zodziwika bwino. Patangotha zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi zokha, utomoni wa kutafuna unakhala ndi mawonekedwe amakono. American Walter Dimar adatha kupeza malire pakati pa zigawo zake: 20% ya mphira, 60% shuga kapena choloweza mmalo, 19% madzi a chimanga ndi 1% kukoma. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha mtundu wa chingamu, ndithudi, chinali ndipo chimakhala chokhazikika.
Ndipotu, kale anthu ankafunafunafuna chingamu. Kapena m'malo - kumayambiriro oyambirira a Neolithic. Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale apeza mapuloteni a mano m'zinthu zamadzimadzi. Agiriki akale ankakonda kusungira mitengo ya coniferous, mosiyana ndi Amaya, amene ankagwiritsa ntchito utomoni wa sapodil.
Masiku ano, magulu ankhondo a ku America apanga mtundu watsopano wa utoto wosuta umene uli ndi mankhwala oletsa antibacterial omwe amalola asilikali "kuzungulira" mano awo pankhondo. Phindu lachidziwitso ichi ndi lodziwikiratu - zingakhale zothandiza kwa anthu ambiri apadera omwe ali otanganidwa. Mtundu winanso wopangidwa ndi asayansi a ku America ndi kutafuna ching'onoting'ono ndi mankhwala a caffeine, omwe amatha kusunga asilikali pamsana nthawi yaitali kuti asadziwe kutopa kapena kugona.
Ukhondo wowonjezera wa m'kamwa
Kutaya chingamu ndi njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa khofi ndi vinyo wofiira tsiku ndi tsiku, komanso kusuta kumasintha mtundu wa ma tebulo ambiri. Koma ife tonse tikudziwa kuti mano owongoka ndi chizindikiro chofunikira cha matenda awo. Zowona kuti palibe ching'anga choyese chingathe kupirira "zokha" zokhazokha ndi mano, koma izi ndizowonjezera zabwino kuti zithetsedwe.
kutafuna chingamu kumathandiza pakamwa pakamwa, kumapangitsa kuti salivation, motero kumathandiza kuthetsa zotsatira zoipa za asidi pazitsulo za dzino atatha kudya. Mofananamo, mano amatsukidwa mwakumangirira "zowonjezera" zatsalira zodyera ku bandolo. Amangokhalira kumamatira, ndipo kwenikweni zotsalirazo ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu za mchere, zomwe pamapeto pake zimawononga pamwamba pa dzino. Sitiyenera kuiwala za mpweya watsopano. Kutsuka chingamu kumatsitsimula - izi ndi zoona. Zoona, ndondomekoyi ili yochepa m'kupita kwanthawi.
Tiyenera kusamala posankha kutsuka kwa ana athu, kuti asawavulaze. Mano a ana amakhala okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi shuga (nthawi zina amatha kuwonetsa mdima komanso kuwonongeka kwa mano a mkaka, omwe pamapeto pake angathe kutsitsa mavuto aakulu ndi mano okhazikika). Zingakhale zothandiza ngati kutafuna chingamu zomwe timagula kwa ana sizikhala ndi shuga ndipo zimapindula ndi fluoride ndi xylitol. Ndi xylitol yomwe imalepheretsa mapangidwe a chipika ndi caries. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mano kuli kovuta kuwonetsa.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti palibe kutafuna chingalowe m'malo kutsuka mano ndi mankhwala a mano - ubwino wake ndi kuvulaza kungayambitse mkangano, koma chinthu chimodzi sichitha kugonjetsedwa - muyenera kutsuka mano anu mulimonsemo. Kaloti ndi maapulo sizingathandize kwambiri pankhaniyi.
Kukhazikika kwa chitetezo cha m'mimba m'kamwa
Kununkhira kosangalatsa, ndithudi, si chinthu chosangalatsa kwambiri chimene chingatichitikire. Koma, mwatsoka, timbewu ta chewing gum timalimbana bwino ndi vutoli, tipewetsa mphamvu ndi kupatula fungo kuchokera pakamwa. Zingakhale zothandiza, komabe, ngati ching'oma zili ndi mabakiteriya a lactic acid, kusamalira bwino mabakiteriya omwe alipo pakamwa. Mabungwe oterewa alipo kale ndipo amapezeka kwambiri m'mayiko ena. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ena a kutafuna chingamu amapindula ndi aluminium lactate, zomwe zimachepetsetsa kutaya mwazi kuchokera kumsana ndikuchepetsa kutupa. Katemera wapadera wotaya utomoni - ubwino wake kwa anthu omwe akudwala matenda a periodontal, amayesedwa ndi kutsimikiziridwa ndi akatswiri.
Kutseka kwa asidi kulowa mkati
Izi ndizo - chevu chingamu zimapindulitsa kwambiri m'thupi. Chifukwa chakuti pakufuna kupanga mpeni kumawonjezeka kwambiri, zamezedwa kwambiri. Salava imachotsa mchere wautali ndipo imayambitsa kugwedeza kolepheretsa kuthamanga kwake kuchokera m'mimba kupita kumimba. Ofufuza pa King's College ku London adapeza kuti iwo amene ankafunafuna chewing gamu kawirikawiri kwa theka la ola atangomaliza kudyetsa mano osatsekedwa ndi dzino lawo, komanso amalepheretsa kubwerera kwa chakudya ndi acid. Kotero mungathe kuganizira kutafuna chingamu njira zothetsera vutoli.
Chitetezo chotsutsana ndi otitis media za pakati khutu
Matenda oterewa ndi "mwayi", kawirikawiri wa ana aang'ono, omwe nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda oopsa a bakiteriya. Koma asayansi ochokera ku yunivesite ya Finnish anapeza kuti matenda a khutu amatha kutetezedwa mosavuta ngati kutafuna chingamu popanda shuga komanso xylitol. Amatha kuthana ndi vuto lachisala komanso mabakiteriya omwe ali m'kamwa, komanso ndi pneumococci, zomwe zimachititsa kutupa pakati pa khutu.
Kuchetsa kudya kwa kalori
Akatswiri ofufuza a ku America anapeza kuti shuga wosuta shuga imatha kuchepetsa kulemera kwake pochepetsa kuchepa kwa kalori. Phunzirolo linaphatikizapo abambo ndi amai okwana 35 omwe amayenera kutafuna ching'anga kwa mphindi 20 asanadye chakudya cham'mawa, ndiyeno kawiri kawiri usanadye chakudya chamasana. Zotsatira ziwonetsetsa kuti onse omwe adadya adadya makilogalamu makumi asanu ndi awiri (67%) ocheperapo ndi chakudya chamadzulo kuposa momwe ankachitira poyamba. Ndipo, makilogalamuwa sanawotchedwe tsiku, koma anasandulika kukhala mphamvu yoyera - kotero thupi lonse linalandira mphamvu 5%. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumeneku kungagwiritsidwe bwino ntchito pofuna kuthetsa kunenepa kwambiri.
Kuwonjezera luso lophunzira
Pulofesa pa yunivesite ya ku Germany anatsimikiza kuti kusinthasintha kwachitsulo kukufanana ndi mmene akudziŵira m'mimba mofulumira. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti ubongo ndi wabwino kwambiri wa magazi komanso maselo ofiira amapeza mpweya wambiri pamene nsagwada zikugwira ntchito. Phunziroli, lomwe linapangidwa ndi ana kuchokera ku masukulu angapo, linasonyeza kuti kusamalidwa, kulandira ndi kuloweza pamtima ndikuwonjezeka ndi 20% ngati mukufunafuna chingamu.
Mufukufuku wina, asayansi atsimikizira kuti kutafuna ching'onoting'ono kumapangitsa kukolola kwa masamu. Poyesera, 108 ana a zaka 13 mpaka 16, amene ankafunafuna maphunziro a masamu, adatenga gawo. Patatha masabata 14, zotsatira za mayeso zasonyeza kuti iwo amene ankafunafuna chingamu anawonetsa zotsatira zoposa 3% kuposa zonse. Kuonjezera apo, oyeserawo adazindikira kuti "anafunafuna" ana amafunika nthawi yopuma yopuma ndipo sakhala ndi nkhawa.
Kupewa ngozi
Kawirikawiri, atakhala pa gudumu kwa nthawi yayitali, dalaivala amatha kutopa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwakukulu. Ziŵerengero zimalongosola momveka bwino: ngozi iliyonse yachinayi imachokera ku kutopa, kusayenerera, kapena kutaya kwa nthawi yaying'ono ya kuyendetsa galimotoyo. Ndipo ngati muledzera musanapite ulendo wautali wa khofi - kodi zingakhale zothandiza pankhaniyi? Asayansi a ku Spain ochokera ku yunivesite ya Zaragoza adapeza njira yowonjezera yowonjezera komanso yowongoka kwambiri - yofunafuna tsaya. Kuwonjezera pa kupumula mpweya, ubongo umatulutsa nthawi zonse, motero umakula kwambiri komanso umatha kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga. Mwachitsanzo, pa nthawi ya nkhondo ya Korea, asilikali a ku America anali ndi mfuti yapadera pofunafuna kuti azikhala mofulumira.
Kuthandiza Odwala Matendawa
Masiku ano, mamiliyoni a anthu amadwala matenda a shuga ndipo amakakamizika kupereka thupi lawo ndi insulini tsiku lililonse kuti apulumuke. Choncho funsoli: "Nchifukwa chiyani insulini sichitha kukhala piritsi?" Ndipo yankho, mwatsoka, silikufuna anthu omwe amadalira insulini chifukwa chasavuta kuti insulini iwonongeke pomwepo m'matumbo a m'mimba. Robert Dale, katswiri wa zamankhwala ku yunivesite ya Syracuse, wapempha kuti apange chilolezo cha chewing ching omwe amamenyana ndi shuga. Lingaliro lake ndiloti mufunafuna kwake mwapadera vitamini B12 kumamangiriza kwa mapuloteni omwe ali m'matumbo. Mapuloteniwa amatha kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa vitamini. Wasayansi ankagwirizanitsa insulini ndi vitamini B12, komanso anayesa makoswe omwe amasonyeza kuti izi zingathe kupulumutsa insulini ku magazi. Asayansi amanena kuti chingamu imeneyi ikuyenera makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ndipo izi zili ndi tsogolo labwino.