Monga lamulo, kuwonjezeka kwa mavuto olemera kumakhala wofanana ndi 140/90 mm Hg. Art. amachitira umboni kuti matenda oopsa kwambiri amakuchititsani chidwi, akufunitsitsa kudziwonetsera okha mu ulemerero wake wonse. Koma m'nthaŵi yathu, kuchokera kumbali zonse, mumangomva za momwe zingathetsere kupweteka kwa msampha mosavuta komanso popanda mavuto. Ndiye mumatani kuti mukhale ndi nkhawa zambiri, ndikuganizira zonse zomwe zasintha zamakono zamakono?
Ndibwino kukumbukira kuti chithandizo cha matenda oopsa kwambiri ndi chofunikira, choyamba, kuyamba ndi njira zosagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala zomwe zimakhudza kuwonjezereka kwa magazi. Njira zoterezi zikuphatikizapo izi:
- Ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa thupi, nkofunika kutaya kilogalamu yochuluka;
- Mosakayikira kuchepetsa kumwa mowa. Woimira abambo ofooka tsiku ndi tsiku amaloledwa kumwa mowa woposa 350 milliliters mowa, 35 milliliters of vodka kapena 150 milliliters ya vinyo;
- Kuwonjezera zochitika zochitika pamaganizo. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi n'kofunikira kuti muphatikize kuyenda 30-45 mphindi osachepera masiku 4;
- Mwachidziwikire kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa sodium. Patsiku ndi bwino kuti musadye zoposa magalamu 6 a mchere;
- Ndiloyenera kuti mukhale ndi zakudya zamasamba, zipatso ndi zinthu zonse, zomwe zimaphatikizapo magnesium, potaziyamu ndi calcium;
- Kusiya kusuta ndi kuchepetsa kudya kwa zakudya zamtundu wambiri wa cholesterol ndi mafuta a nyama.
Kuchita bwino kwa njira zophwekazi zikuwonetsedwa ndi zotsatira za phunzirolo, lomwe linkachitidwa ndi asayansi a ku America. Pamene zikuchitika, kuchepa kwa thupi ndi kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mchere pophika kumatithandiza kuti tipewe chithandizo chamankhwala oopsa kwambiri kuposa odwala 90%. Omwe amatsatira malangizowo onse molondola, kuthamanga kwa magazi kunakhazikika. Komanso, anthu omwe anachepetsetsa thupi lawo komanso amadzichepetsera mchere, amachepetsa nthenda ya mtima, zikwapu, myocardium, mtima wosalimba komanso arrhythmia.
Mwa njira, panthawi ya chisankho cha funso lokhudza kufunikira kwa mankhwala ndikofunikira kulingalira chinthu chimodzi chokha. Kwa anthu ambiri, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikokwera pa nthawi yomwe imayezedwa ku ofesi ya dokotala. Matendawa amatchedwa "chovala choyera chakumagazi." Chodabwitsa ichi chikugwirizana ndi china chirichonse kusiyana ndi mantha owonjezeka. Ndicho chifukwa chake kupanikizika kwabwino kumalimbikitsidwa kuyeza panyumba. Masiku ano, njira zodziimira zokha zilipo kwa aliyense. Ngati zizindikiro zachangu zimakhala zovuta kunyumba, ndizomwe anthu sakusowa chithandizo. Komabe, funsoli liyenera kukambidwa ndi katswiri wamankhwala.
Ndipo kupereka funso lolondola kwambiri ponena za kusowa kwa chithandizo kungathe kupyolera mu kuyang'anira tsiku ndi tsiku kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti wodwalayo amamangirira pazitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kupanikizika kwa mphindi khumi ndi mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri kupyolera mu chingwe chosavuta. Zotsatira zonse zakonzedwa, ndipo pambuyo pa nthawi ya maora 24, dokotala akhoza kudziwa bwino kusintha kwa deta. Kuphunzira za mzinda woterewu sikungolongosola kokha vuto la kukhalapo kapena kusakhala ndi "chovala chokwanira", komanso ndibwino kusankha njira yabwino yothandizira kumwa mankhwala.
Pa nthawi imene chithandizo chasankhidwa, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti muyese kuyesa ndi kuthamanga kunyumba nthawi iliyonse maola awiri (usiku sukuchotsedwa). Zotsatira zonse ziyenera kulembedwa ndi kutengedwa ndi iwe kupita kwa dokotala. Njirayi ndi yophweka, yosavuta komanso yophunzitsa.
Kwa lero, malamulo oletsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi awa:
- Wodwala aliyense yemwe ali ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri ayenera kukhala ndi zipangizo zowonetsera magazi.
- Ndikofunika kuyang'anitsitsa mosamalitsa kulondola kwa chidacho ndi nthawi yake nthawi ndi nthawi kuti muchigwirizane.
- Kuyeza kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi kuyenera kuchitidwa paphewa pokha.
Ndipo komabe, zizindikiro za msinkhu wovuta kwa munthu pa chaka cha 30 cha 50 sichisiyana. Miyezo ya msinkhu imakhalapo kwa ana okha.
Kufikira pa msinkhu womwe kuli kofunika kuchepetsa kupanikizika ndi momwe mungakhalire munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto la ntchito la 160/140 mm Hg. ndipo sakudandaula za thanzi?
160/140 mm Hg. ndi malire apamwamba a chizoloŵezi. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, izi ndi "zolinga zamagazi". Malingana ndi maphunziro angapo akuluakulu apadziko lonse, kutsika kwa chiwopsezo ku msinkhu wocheperako kumachepetsetsa kuthekera kwa kupangika kwa ubongo ndi myocardial infarction. Kwa iwo omwe akudwala matenda a shuga, chiwerengero chazirombo za magazi chiri pansi pa 130/75 mm Hg.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi pa nthawi ya kukwera kwa magazi sikuletsedwa. Lero, mankhwala amachotsedwa nthawi zonse motsatira njira zotsatila njira zosagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chithandizo chasankhidwa motero kupanikizika kwa mtima sikupitirira 140 mm Hg, ndipo patsiku panali kudumpha pang'ono. Pa nthawi ya mankhwala osankhidwa bwino komanso osankhidwa bwino, ngati kudumpha kumachitika, amayamba kukhala opanda pake.
Mankhwala atsopano kuti ateteze kuoneka kwa mavuto
Zaka zaposachedwapa, sayansi yomwe imaphunzira kuwonjezeka kwa msana wochuluka kwapita kutali. Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 90, malo a adelphan ndi ena okalamba osakaniza mankhwala, omwe anali ndi zotsatirapo, anasintha mankhwala omwe ali ndi mankhwala amodzi. Izi, monga lamulo, zinapereka mlingo woyenera wa mankhwalawo ndi chitsimikizo cha mavuto awo ndi zotsatira zake. Panali ngakhale mapiritsi osakanizika patsiku kutulutsidwa kwa mankhwala ogwira ntchito, omwe ali okonzeka kwambiri chifukwa angatengedwe kamodzi patsiku.
Kwa lero, mitundu yatsopano ya mankhwala ikupangidwanso, komanso njira zatsopano zothandizira thupi la odwala kwambiri. Apanso, adalengedwa pa teknoloji yatsopano kuphatikizapo mapiritsi ndipo amapereka mankhwala osakaniza komanso otetezeka. Mankhwala atsopanowa akhoza kupatulidwa mu mitundu iwiri:
- Mapiritsi, zinthu zogwira ntchito zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa bwino, pamene zimapangitsana zotsatira zake. M'mapiritsi awa, mlingo wa zigawozi zimachepetsedwa. Mankhwalawa ndi othandiza komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mlingo amakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa.
- Mapiritsi, omwe amapanga zomwe zigawozi zimagwirizanitsa njira zingapo za chitukuko cha matenda oopsa. Zinthu zonse zogwira ntchito zili muyezo wochiritsira. Mankhwala amtundu umenewu amaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ovuta kwambiri kuchiza.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wapadziko lonse, chithandizo chochuluka kwambiri cha odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri amachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi ophatikizana.
Ndipo otsiriza. Mankhwala onse amakono samayambitsa kugona, kusowa kwachinyengo komanso kuvutika maganizo. Zotsatira zonsezi zinali zizindikiro za mankhwala omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito kale kwambiri pochiza matenda oopsa.