Pachifukwa ichi, "zochita" amatanthauza mphamvu zomwe zimapezeka mu ndondomeko ya moyo kukonzekera ndi kuyendetsa kayendetsedwe kogwirizana. Mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda a ubongo akukumana ndi zovuta pakuchita mwachizolowezi ntchito yake yachitukuko - mwachitsanzo, kumangiriza nsapato, kukwera njinga kapena kulemba makalata. Zomwe mungapeze m'nkhani yokhudza "Kukonzekera kwa ana omwe ali ndi ubongo wakufa".
Njira yamakono
Mpaka posachedwapa, ana awa ankaonedwa kuti ndi opusa, osasamala komanso ochedwa. Nthawi zambiri izi zimapangitsa kuti anthu asamvetsetse vutoli komanso alibe chithandizo chokwanira. Zotsatira zake, mwanayo akhoza kukhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana omwe amakhudzana ndi kukhumudwa, chifukwa n'zosatheka kuti thupi lanu lichite zoyendetsa moyenera. Pakalipano, akuganiza kuti anawa ali ndi vuto linalake la ntchito zam'mwamba (mwachindunji kapena mopanda pang'onopang'ono kupezeka kwa njira zamanjenjemera, ntchito zamagulu kapena zamatsenga), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchepetsa kuthekera kuwerengera ndikuchita kayendetsedwe kazolowera. Palibe kugwirizana pakati pa ubongo ndi kufooka kwa maganizo.
Kuchiza
Malingana ndi chiwerengero chokwanira, anthu 10 peresenti amakhala ndi ubongo wofooka. Mu 2-5%, mitundu yambiri ya matendawa imapezeka. 70% mwa odwala awa ndi abambo. Zikuganiza kuti chifukwa cha ubongo waumphawi ndi kusokonezeka kwa dongosolo la mitsempha. Komanso, izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha vuto lopwetekedwa ndi ubongo kapena hypoxia (oxygen njala) ya ubongo nthawi yobereka. Chiyambi choyamba cha fetus chimachitika nthawi yobereka chifukwa cha malingaliro osasamala. Pokonzekera chitukuko cha ana, malingaliro ameneŵa akukwaniritsidwira pang'onopang'ono, amadziwika bwino, ndipo amadziwidwa ndi kudziletsa. Kutseketsa kwathunthu kwa magalimoto onse akufika kumapeto kwa unyamata. Gulu la kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kamadalira zifukwa zingapo. Mwanayo amalandira chidziwitso cholondola chokhudza chilengedwe kudzera mu kugwirana, ntchito ya zida zotsekemera ndi kudziwika kwaokha (kumverera kwa malo mu danga). Kukhazikitsa kwadzidzidzi kwa chidziwitsochi kumakuthandizani kuti muwerenge molondola ndi kuyendetsa kayendetsedwe kake. Cerebral Palsy ikhoza kugwirizanitsidwa ndi zovuta zina mulimodzi kapena zonse zitatu zowunikira. Pankhaniyi, mawonetseredwe a ubongo m'mabuku osiyanasiyana akhoza kukhala osiyana: mwana mmodzi amavutika kuti asiye, ndipo wina - kutanthauzira momveka bwino mawuwo.
Ziwalo zoganiza
Mwana amene ali ndi matenda a ubongo nthawi zambiri sangathe kuzindikira ndikutsata mfundo zotsatirazi:
• Kukhudzidwa - kusakhoza kuzindikira kanthu mwa zovuta zomwe zimabwera mukamazigwira (zotsatila);
• Zida zogwiritsira ntchito - chiwalo chokhazikika mkati mwa khutu lamkati, chingapereke chidziwitso chokwanira chokhudza kuika, kuyenda, kusinthana ndi malo a thupi mu danga;
• Mavitaminiwa amatha kukhala ndi mitsempha yambiri yomwe imapezeka m'matumbo, matope ndi ziwalo zonse ndikufalitsa zokhudzana ndi malo awo mu ubongo. Kuyanjana ndi ziwalo za masomphenya ndi kumva, zimapereka mgwirizano wa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe kake. Mawonetseredwe a ubongo waumphaza akhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kusowa kwa kayendedwe kake. Nthaŵi zambiri, makolo ndi oyamba kuwadandaulira makolo, powona kuti mwanayo ali ndi zizindikiro zenizeni kapena kugwidwa mu zizindikiro zina zachitukuko kwa zaka zofanana. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mwana wotereyu afufuzidwe pa nthawi yake ndi mwana wa ana komanso katswiri wa zamaganizo, asanayambe sukulu ya pulayimale. Izi sizingowonetsetsa kuti atangoyamba kumene mankhwala ndi chitukuko cha njira zomwe sukulu idzagwiritse ntchito pomagwira ntchito ndi mwanayo, komanso zidzakuthandizira kuchepetsa kudzipatula, kusonkhana ndi anzawo komanso kuchepetsa kudzidalira.
Mitundu ya ubongo wakufa
Katswiri wa zamaganizo amwana amachititsa mndandanda wa mayesero apadera kuti azindikire kukula kwa ubongo, komanso kuzindikira mbali zonse za ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku momwe zimakhudzira. Mndandanda wa mitundu ya ubongo waumphawi yomwe imayang'aniridwa mu ubwana, njira zinayi zikuluzikulu zimayikidwa, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kulemala kwa maluso osiyanasiyana (ngakhale kuti mbali zonse zimakhudzidwa ndi madigiri osiyanasiyana). Magulu a luso lomwe angaphwanyidwe mu ubongo waumphawi ndi awa:
• Kugwiritsa ntchito makina akuluakulu - kuyang'anira ntchito yovuta, kuyendetsa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamagalimoto - zofunikira pochita kayendedwe kakang'ono, mwachitsanzo, kumanga zingwe;
• luso la mawu - zovuta kumvetsetsa malemba ndi kufotokoza;
• Kulankhulana - zovuta m'mawu omasuliridwa.
Malingana ndi mawonekedwe a ubongo wa mwana, mwana wamaganizo angapangitse mwanayo kukambirana ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino, mwachitsanzo, katswiri wothandizira, wothandizira olankhula kapena wodwalayo.
Kuchiza kwa nthawi yaitali
Kuzindikira kwadzidzidzi kwa zizindikiro za ubongo wa mwana m'mimba ndi kukonza kwawo ndikofunikira kwambiri. Komabe, nkofunikanso kuti asiye kuchipatala pa nthawi yonse yophunzitsa, ndipo ngati n'kotheka, mutha nthawi yaitali. Chimodzi mwa izi ndi chifukwa chakuti pamene mukukula, muyenera kudziwa luso lovuta kwambiri lomwe limafuna mlingo wapamwamba wogwirizana. Kuonjezera apo, nthawi zambiri mumakhala ndi chizoloŵezi chobwezeretsa mavuto akale komanso kutuluka kwa atsopano panthawi yomwe ikutsatira ndikukula. Cerebral Palsy ingadziwonetsere mu zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zosiyana malingana ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi kuuma kwake:
• kusayenda kovuta, kusokonezeka;
• Kusachepera chidwi - mwana akhoza kuiwala mwamsanga zimene wamva kumene;
• kusabisa;
• Kumangika chakudya - mwana amasunga supuni kapena mphanda mu chiwombankhanga;
• osakonda kujambula ndi mtundu;
• kulephera kugwira mpira kapena kuwomba;
• Kusakhudzidwa ndi masewera ndi ana ena;
• Simungathe kudumphira pamapazi amodzi kapena awiri kapena kulumphira pa chovuta;
• Kuyambira ali mwana - kusakhoza kukwawa (mwana amasunthira, akudumpha m'mimba);
• Mwanayo ndi wosalankhula, nthawi zambiri amataya zinthu zake;
• Mwanayo amavala zovala kwa nthawi yaitali, sakudziwa momwe angamangirire zingwe kapena mabatani.
• Nthawi zonse amathyola zinthu, amasokoneza zinthu.
Kuti musankhe chithandizo choyenera, m'pofunikira kufotokozera za kukwapula. Pachifukwa ichi, mayesero angapo apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti aone luso la mwanayo. Musanayese mayeserowa, aphunzitsi adzafunsa makolo kuti alembe mafunso omwe amawonetsa zokhudzana ndi banja, kukhalapo kwa abale ndi alongo, matenda omwe mwanayo amamutengera, maphunziro ake ndi khalidwe lake kusukulu, chikhalidwe cha anthu, mabwenzi, zofuna ndi mantha.
Kufufuza kwa chitukuko cha ana
Kuyezetsa kumatenga pafupifupi ola limodzi ndipo kumapangidwira mwana ndi mwana, popanda makolo. Malinga ndi zomwe zili mu mafunsowa komanso zotsatira za ntchito zosiyanasiyana, wogulitsa zakuthambo amatsimikiza za kukula kwa thupi.
Miyambo ya chitukuko
Kukula kwa luso lina mwa ana kumachitika pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo komanso pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo. Kusintha kwa chidziwitso chotsatira maluso otsatira kumadalira payeso yeniyeni podziwa zomwe zapitazo. Mwachitsanzo, kuyenda koyamba kwa mwanayo kumatuluka kuchokera pamimba kupita kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo; patapita kanthawi iye amayamba kukhala, akukwawa, ndiye_kudzuka pa mawondo ake, potsiriza, kuyima. Phunzirani kuima, amatenga zoyamba. Kukhoza kuyenda kumapangitsa chidwi cha kukula kwa maluso atsopano - mwana amaphunzira kuthamanga, kudumpha pa miyendo imodzi, miyendo, kulumphira. Pokonzekera luso limeneli, mwanayo amapeza mphamvu zokwanira zogwiritsa ntchito miyendo, zomwe zimamuthandiza kudziwa luso lovuta - mwachitsanzo, kuponyera ndi kutenga zinthu, kukoka ndi makrayoni kapena kudya supuni. Kulephera "kuthawa" magawo onse a chitukuko chakuthupi omwe tawatchula pamwambawa amachititsa kuti zikhale zovuta kulandira ndi kulimbikitsa luso lovuta kwambiri lomwe limakhala mbali yofunikira kwambiri ya kukula. N'chifukwa chake kuzindikira kwa nthawi yoyenera kwa ubongo wa thupi kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri. Dokotala-wothandizira odwala amachititsa mayesero angapo, kulola kulingalira:
• mkhalidwe wa minofu - ana omwe ali ndi ubongo waumphawi amachita molakwika ndi machitidwe ena, omwe nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti thupi lisakwanire komanso kuchepa kwawo. Kufufuza kumayesa mayesero amphamvu a minofu; Makamaka amalipidwa ndi mkhalidwe wa mapewa ndi beleni, komanso tonic (postural) minofu. Kusuntha komwe kumachitidwa ndi minofu imeneyi kumapanga maziko a kayendetsedwe ka zonse, mwachitsanzo, kusinthanitsa pamene akukhazikika;
• mgwirizano - mwa ana ena omwe ali ndi ubongo wa m'mimba, ziwalo "zimamasulidwa" - kuchulukitsidwa kwa kayendetsedwe kake, komwe kumachepetsa kuchepetsa. Izi zikuphatikizidwa ndi kuphwanya luso lochita zinthu zenizeni, mwachitsanzo, mwa kulemba;
• Kuwongolera - wopereka chidziwitso amawonetsa mphamvu ya mwanayo kuti akhalebe wathanzi pamene ntchito zamagalimoto zoyenera pa msinkhu wake zatha (mwachitsanzo, kusinthana pa mwendo umodzi kapena kuyenda pang'onopang'ono ku benchi yowonetsera masewera olimbitsa thupi). Pali maulendo owonjezera omwe amathandiza mwanayo kuti asamangokhala bwino (mwachitsanzo, kupukuta manja);
• Kukonzekera kwa kayendedwe ka mpira - Masewera a mpira amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana kugwirizana kwa kayendetsedwe ka mikono ndi miyendo. Kwa ana aang'ono, amatha kusinthanitsa ndi kusewera ndikuyika zinthu zosiyana mosiyana ndi mabowo abwino ndi kukula kwake;
• Ntchito ya kuyankhulana pakati pa ana azimayi - ana ambiri omwe ali ndi ubongo wa "ubongo" akudutsa "sitelo" yakukwawa, akusunthira pamimba. Komabe, zokwawa zimapangitsa ubongo kupititsa uthenga kuchokera kumadera ena kupita kumalo ena, zomwe zimakhala ndi ntchito yofunikira, mwachitsanzo, mu kayendetsedwe kogwirizana ndi manja ndi mapazi. Kukwanitsa kuchita zoterezi ndi kofunikira pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masewera olimbitsa thupi. Katswiri wa zamakono amadziwa kuti kayendetsedwe ka manja kamakhala kofanana ndi pakati pa thupi pamene "kujambula" chiwerengero cha mlengalenga;
• Kukhoza kutsata malangizo - dokotala amayesa kuti mwanayo amvetsetse ndi kupanga malemba omveka bwino (amatsimikiziridwa ngati kuwonjezeranso kwina kapena kuwonetsera kwa zochitika kumafunika).
Kusankha njira za kukonzanso thupi kumadalira zofunikira za mwanayo. Mankhwalawa amachokera ku masewera ndi masewera, kumulimbikitsa kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu zake zonse. Maphunziro oterewa ndiwo maziko a ntchito yodalirika ndi mwana, ngati kuli kofunika, kuphatikizapo kuthandizidwa ndi a ergotherapist, wolankhula mawu, thandizo lochokera kwa makolo, aphunzitsi ndi ogwira ntchito zaumoyo. Cholinga cha chithandizochi ndi kuwonjezera kudzidalira kwa wodwala wamng'ono pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito zosavuta musanayambe kugwira ntchito zovuta kwambiri. Njira imeneyi imachokera ku lingaliro lakuti kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumawathandiza ntchito zomwe zilipo mu ubongo komanso kupanga mapangidwe atsopano. Kawirikawiri mwanayo amapita ku chipinda chokonzekera zakuthupi 1-2 pa sabata kwa miyezi ingapo. Pa nthawi yomweyi, ayenera kuphunzira tsiku ndi tsiku pa pulogalamu yovomerezeka kunyumba. Maphunziro amapitirizabe atamaliza kuyendera katswiri wamakono. Kulamulira mwana bwino ndi udindo wa makolo. Ngati matendawa akufalikira kapena zotsatira zake sizokwanira, njira yatsopano yothetsera vutoli ikulimbikitsidwa.
Njira zambiri za mankhwala
Pali njira zingapo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira matenda a ubongo.
• Kusambira
Kusambira kumalimbikitsidwa kwa ana onse omwe ali ndi ubongo wakufa. Zimathandiza kulimbitsa minofu. Kusunthira m'madzi kumachedwetsa, zomwe zimapatsa mwana nthawi kuti awerenge zomwe akuchitazo. Kukhala ndi madzi okwanira sikofunika kwambiri, choncho amatha kuchita zinthu zowononga anzawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kudzidalira kwake.
• Kupititsa patsogolo
Pambuyo pozindikira luso lotsatila maphunziro akukwaniritsa zopindulitsa. Mwachitsanzo, poyamba mwanayo amaphunzira kukwera pamatope kufalikira pamtunda, kenako - pendani pamtunda waung'ono, kenaka pukuta ndi mpira waukulu, ndiye_sunthani manja pamtunda. Kenaka mwanayo amaphunzira kukhala chete, mothandizidwa ndi mapazi ake pabwalo, mwachitsanzo, kujambula (powonjezera pang'onopang'ono nthawi ya makalasi).
• Kuphunzitsa ntchito yogwirizanitsa
Makamaka amalipidwa kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito za kuyankhulana kwapakatikati. Zochita za gululi zimaphatikizapo kuyendayenda kudzera mu chitoliro, kuphwanya khoma la Sweden ndi kusefukira kwa manja, masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe ana amayendayenda pamagulu anayi, akuwombera mpira wa tennis patsogolo pake, akuyenda mosiyana ndi manja ndi miyendo.
• Kulimbitsa maphunziro
Monga momwe ntchito yothandizira pakatikati imathandizira, amapitiliza kugwira ntchito kuti agwirizane ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Yambani ndi kuyesayesa kuti mukhale paimidwe mukuyima pa miyendo iwiri pa "bolodi losambira" ndi maziko aakulu, ndiye - pamlendo umodzi. Pambuyo pake, pitani kuyenda pang'onopang'ono.
Kukonzekera kwa magalimoto opangidwa ndi cerebral palsy kumadalira kugwiritsa ntchito masewera apadera. Pa nthawi yomweyi, ndondomeko ya chithandizo cha munthu imapangidwa kwa mwana aliyense. Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi, kugwirizana kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka mlengalenga ndi cholinga chokhazikitsa njira zamagetsi. Njira zogwiritsira ntchito ergotherapy zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa vuto lazing'ono zamagetsi. Njira zothandizira matenda a ubongo ndi
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi - kuyenda pang'onopang'ono pa benchi yokonda masewera olimbitsa thupi; kusinthanitsa pa mwendo umodzi pa "bolodi"; kugwira mpira kapena zikwama zodzaza ndi mipira ya pulasitiki, ataima pa "bolodi"; kulumpha chingwe; Sewerani mu "makalasi" kapena leapfrog;
• Kuchita masewera olimbikitsa kayendedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka thupi - Kuchita ndi chingwe chowombera; "Kujambula zozama" mumlengalenga ndi manja anu; amachititsa "kukhala pansi mu Turkey"; kukwawa; zochita "galasi" (kuyenda pamanja ndi kuthandizira miyendo); kusambira; kusewera ndi mpira ndi phokoso; Sewerani mu "makalasi" kapena mu leapfrog; kudumpha "nyenyezi";
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi - pogwiritsa ntchito "tunnels", kusewera ndi mpira waukulu pamtambo; kutenga mipira ya kukula kwake kapena mipira ndi minga;
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa maulendo abwino - kukonzekera kwa ndodo; chithunzi; masewera a "utitiri". Tsopano mukudziwa kuti kubwezeretsa thupi kwa ana omwe ali ndi ubongo ndi matenda.