Mtundu uliwonse umatha kutulutsa matotoxins (zinthu zoopsa). Chakudya choonongeka chili ndi poizoni wotere, koma mu tchizi ndi nkhungu ya buluu (chifukwa cha kusasitsa kwake amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zikhalidwe zabwino). Kuti nkhungu yabwinoyi ikhale ndi poizoni, mikhalidwe yapadera ndi yofunikira.
Pofuna kupeŵa zoopsa za thanzi, zopangidwa ndi nkhungu ziyenera kuwonongedwa. Sangathe kudyetsedwa ndi nyama zoweta, mbalame kapena nyama zakutchire. Zoopsa ndi nkhungu zowawa mkate mkate, mtedza, amondi, pistachio ndi American (Brazil) mtedza. Nkhungu zowonjezera, zomwe zikukula mmenemo, zimatha kupanga aflatoxins owopsa kwambiri - mankhwala owopsa ndi owopsa a khansa.
Mkaka ndi mtedza
Zaka zaposachedwapa, pakhala pali malipoti owopsa okhudza chakudya chofunika kwambiri cha ana, monga mkaka. Zikuoneka kuti aflatoxins amapezeka mkaka ndi mkaka. Zoonadi, posakhalitsa zinawonekeratu kuti zinthu izi zinachokera mkaka. Chowonadi n'chakuti zida zogwiritsira ntchito ng'ombe zowonjezera zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mafakitale a mafuta (kokonati mkate, kanjedza za kanjedza), zomwe zinapangika mofulumira m'madera ozizira otentha (kumene chakudyachi chimapangidwa), chomwe chinapangitsa kuti chiwonongeko chiwonekere. Kuonjezera apo, mafinylini amatsutsana kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, choncho sagwera ndikusunga katundu wawo panthawi yonse yopanga fodders.
Mizinda
M'zaka zam'mimba kwambiri, matendawa amapezeka kwambiri ndi rye. Poyamba, panali poizoni ambirimbiri omwe ali ndi ergot. Ngakhale lero, pamene tigula tirigu, anthu omwe amalima tirigu, amayenera kuyang'ana ngati rye lachilonda lilakwitsa, silidutsa kutalika kwa kutalika kwake. Ergot ndi owopsa, monga kale. Mwa njirayi, kuvina koyambirira kwa Vitta (chorea) kunalibe koma poizoni.
Kutsekula kwa bowa.
Fungayi, yomwe imawoneka chifukwa cha mvula yambiri, yophimba makoma a nyumba, imakhalanso ndi zotsatira zosayenera. Iwo si owopsa, koma amatha kuyambitsa zotsatira. Bowa wolimba nthawi zambiri amachititsa mphuno, kuthamanga kapena kupweteka kwa mphumu.
Pothandiza chithandizo
Choyamba, mankhwala opha tizilombo, monga zinthu zolimbana ndi mabakiteriya, amapezeka ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya fungi. Pa Nkhondo Yachiŵiri Yadziko Lonse, penicillin, yomwe inagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nyanjayi, inapulumutsa miyoyo ya anthu zikwi mazana. Motero, nkhungu nkhungu zili ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri. Kuonjezerapo, ngati nkhungu yaying'ono ikuwonekera pamtunda kapena zakudya zina, pofuna kuteteza shuga wochuluka, ndizokwanira kuchotsa nkhunguzo komanso zakudyazo zikhoza kudyedwa. Lero dziko limapereka zakudya zambiri, mtundu wapadera ndi kukoma kwake zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi nkhungu yabwino.
Aflatoxins mu mkaka ndi mtedza
Zochitika za kukhalapo kwa aflatoxin zimapezeka mkaka ndi tchizi. Akatswiri amadzifufuza mosamala zitsamba zomwe zimatulutsidwa, chifukwa zimatha kupeza aflatoxin, zomwe zingawononge chiwindi.
Kuopsa kwa chifuwa.
Choopsa kwambiri nkhungu bowa - zovuta zowonongeka - kuchokera ku chimfine mpaka ku bronchial mphumu.
Chenjerani
Zakudya zina zomwe zimadza ndi nkhungu (mkate, mkaka ndi mankhwala, mtedza) zimakhala zovulaza kwambiri thanzi, kotero zimayenera kutayidwa mwamsanga. Kotero samalirani thanzi lanu ndipo musalole bowa kufalikira pa zinthu zanu, ndi kuvulaza thupi lonse.