Froberberries ndi mbewu zabwino kwambiri komanso zokolola kwambiri m'minda yathu. Si zokoma zokha, komanso zofunika kwambiri monga mankhwala ndi zakudya zakudya mankhwala. Kodi kukula strawberries m'munda wanu? Kodi mungapangitse bwanji kuti zikhale zokolola kuchokera kumapeto kwa chisanu? Zonse zimadalira kukwera molondola. Chikhalidwe ichi chikhoza kukula pa nthaka yonse.
Kubzala strawberries
Kubzala strawberries mu autumn kapena kasupe muyenera kuchotsa gawo lakuda la masamba, ndi kusiya pang'ono okha ndi ang'onoang'ono. Ngati izi sizikuchitika, ndiye kuti mbeu idzatha - zidzuma. Ichi ndi chofunikira kwambiri komanso chofala cha imfa ya mbande.
Mukamabzala, ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kuli kochepa, ndiye kuti mpweya wa chinyezi ndi wochepa. Pa nthawiyi, masamba okhaokha, owonongeka ndi odwala ayenera kuchotsedwa. Pakati pa nthaka ndi pansi pamtundu wa chikhalidwe pali kusinthanitsa zinthu zowonjezera komanso zothandiza, zomwe mbande zimasowa kwambiri, mosasamala kanthu za chisanu. Ngati vyvyvazhivaet strawberries kumapeto kwa autumn, ndiye musachotse masamba onse, winayo adzafa.
Muzitsulo zilizonse mizu ikhoza kutseka ndi kutseguka. Mizu yotsekedwa (ndi mtanda wa dziko, mu miphika, makapu) ali ndi kupulumuka kwa 100%. Mbande yokhala ndi mizere yotseguka imatengedwa malinga ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Froberries omwe ali ndi mizu yofooka, yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi matenda, amazoloŵera kwambiri, ndimadya mwamphamvu ndi wathanzi. Kubzala kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira ndibwino kuposa kubzala m'chaka. M'dzinja, mbande ndi zamphamvu kwambiri, zimakula bwino, kotero kuti zokolola zimatuluka kale ndi kale.
Kudzala sitiroberi yoyenera
Tekesi yamakono yoyenera imathandiza kwambiri kubzala. Muzu wa chiberekero uyenera kukhala pamtunda ndi nthaka. Ngati mumabzala kwambiri, ndiye kuti mukamwetsa mafano, mtima (kukula) udzasungunuka, ndipo ngati mubzala pang'ono, iwo adzakula mizu. Pazochitika zonsezi, chomeracho chikhoza kufa. Chifukwa chaichi, m'pofunikira kuyendetsa dothi (kukumba, kulima) 2-3 milungu isanakwane, kuti dziko lapansi likhale lopangidwa, ndipo zitha kuwerengera zakuya. Ngati dothi liri lotayirira, ndiye musanayambe kubzala ndi kofunika kuti mugwirizane, kotero mutachepetse chiwopsezo chotaya mizu panthawi ya nthaka.
Kenaka, muyenera kuganizira kuti kupulumuka kwa mbande kumakhala kofunika. Poyamba (10-15days), nthaka chinyezi chiyenera kukhala 100%. Kwa ichi muyenera kuyipukuta nthawi zonse. Zidzakhala zovuta ngati mutakhazikitsa njira yothirira madzi. Masamba akayamba kuwonjezeka, kuthirira kungachepetse, koma wina sayenera kulola nthaka kuti iume.
Momwe mungayendetsere kupulumuka kwa mbande ndi mizu yotseguka?
Poyambira, sizinabzalidwe m'malo okonzedweratu, koma mwana wa sukulu, yemwe ali ndi masentimita 5-15 mzere ndi 20-30 masentimita pakati pa mizere. Pambuyo pake, yikani chimango ndikuphimba ndi filimu. Eya, ngati malo a dzuwa amalowa, kuti mbeu zisamve bwino dzuwa. Ndi malo otero, ndi kosavuta kuwasamalira. Mu sukulu iyi, zomera zimayenera kukhala masabata 2-3. Panthaŵi imeneyi mizu yawo idzasinthidwa ndipo masamba atsopano adzawonekera. Kenaka akukumba ndi malo osungirako nthaka ndikubzala pamalo osasinthika. Mutabzala, muyenera kuthandiza zomera kukula bwino ndikubweretsa zokolola. Pachifukwachi, m'pofunika kuwasamalira - kuthirira, kumasula nthaka, kudyetsa ndi kumenyana ndi sobale ndi matenda.
Kusakaniza masamba
Ngati chomera chimakula ndikukula zipatso zimayenera kutsanulidwa, koma pamene zipatso zimapserera kuti zisamakhale zosafunika, chifukwa chifukwa cha chinyezi, zipatso zimakhala madzi ndi kutaya kukoma kwawo. Mu June, strawberries amafika pachimake cha kubereka kwawo, nthawi zambiri amawomba mphepo zowuma ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya kuli pamwamba. Kotero kwa masabata angapo tchire zingakhoze kuuma, kotero kuti zokolola zichepe. Pachifukwa ichi, muyenera kuthirira madzi mutangotha zokolola. Masiku angapo musanayambe kusonkhanitsa zipatso zimapindulitsa shuga wawo.
Top-kuvala kwa sitiroberi
Chofunika kwambiri pa zokolola zabwino ndizo zakudya za nthaka. Malingana ndi mtundu wa dothi lokumba, 60-70 g wa superphosphate, 25-30 gheeel feteleza, 7-9 makilogalamu a kompositi kapena peregrivshego manyowa pa mita imodzi amalowetsedwa. M'pofunika kuti izi zikhale 2.5-3 miyezi isanayambe kubzala strawberries.
Froberries samalola chlorine, mlingo waukulu wa feteleza mchere ndi manyowa atsopano. Pofuna kukolola bwino, anthu ambiri odzola amapanga feteleza yokha ndipo sakudyetsanso nthaka kwa zaka zitatu.
Pa nthawi yonse ya chitukuko sitiroberi imafunikira zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Kumapeto kwa nyengo, nuzhenazot, akamakula, amafunika phosphorous, pamene zipatso zimakula, pamakhala zofunikira kuti umuna ukhale wovuta, komanso mukumagwa.
Kawirikawiri amatha kupatula feteleza ndi feteleza. Zotsatira zabwino pa strawberries kuphatikiza foliar ndi mizu kuvala. Muzu wa feteleza umabweretsa nthaka muwonekedwe youma kapena madzi (zitsamba zosamba madzi pansi pazu). Pofuna kuti asapse mizu, feteleza yamadzi imayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthaka yonyowa. Zovala zapamwamba za foliar zimayikidwa pa masamba omwe ali ndi feteleza omwe amasungunuka m'madzi. Masamba otentha sayenera kukhala ndi umuna. Ndi bwino kupopera mbewu madzulo, kotero kuti yankho likhale lalitali pa masamba.
Ndondomeko yobwera pansi
Chofunika kwambiri ndi ndondomeko zoyendetsera malo. Zonse zimadalira kukula kwa malo, zolinga ndi zolinga za kulima. The sitiroberi chitsamba zikukula bwino 2-3 zaka. Ndiye izo sizidzabala zipatso zoterozo.
Ngati mukukula tchire kwa zaka ziwiri, ndiye kuti amafunika kuyika masentimita 20-25 pambali ndi mzere wa masentimita 30.
Ngati mukukula tchire kwa zaka 3, ndiye kuti mtunda wokhala pamtunda uyenera kuwonjezeka ndi masentimita 10, ndipo mzere ukhale wocheperapo ndi masentimita 15.
Alimi ena amatha chaka chimodzi kukula, chaka chilichonse amamera mbande zatsopano. Choncho mungathe kubzala baka za zidutswa 50 pa mita imodzi.
Mlimi aliyense ayenera kukhala womasuka kusamalira strawberries, ndipo chomeracho chikhale ndi malo okwanira okula, fruiting ndi zakudya.
Chifukwa cha ukalamba wa kukula ndikuti chaka chilichonse chiwerengero cha mitima chimakula, ndipo mizu imakhala yokha. Komanso, wamkulu msinkhu, ndipamwamba kwambiri pamwamba pake, ndipo izi zimafulumira kukalamba ndi kufooketsa mizu. Pofuna kuchepetseratu njirayi, nkofunika nthawi imodzi kuti mutchera tchire kuyambira chaka choyamba chakutsika mpaka mutangomaliza mmera. Hilling imathandiza kuti mizu ikule pazitsamba zatsopano, ndipo mizu ikukula ndikukula. Chiwerengero ndi zipatso zambiri za zipatso zidzawonjezeka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chitsamba chingagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi yayitali.
Fruiting strawberries
Ntchito yofunika kukula kwa strawberries ndi chipatso. Ngati chikhalidwe chimodzimodzi kwa nthawi yaitali chimakula pa malo amodzi, ndiye kuti tizilombo timabzala mmenemo, matenda amapezeka ndipo matenda opatsirana akuwonjezeka. Chifukwa chaichi, chomeracho chidzathera nthawi yochuluka ndi khama polimbana ndi matendawa, koma ikhoza kutsogolera feteleza. Choncho, nthawi ndi nthawi, m'pofunika kusintha nthaka kwa zomera. Ngati bwino kuti musamalire strawberries, matenda opatsiranawo adzawonjezereka pang'onopang'ono ndipo zingatheke kuti zizikula nthawi imodzi.
Froberries akhoza kukhala wamkulu motalika kwambiri ndi dongosolo la "Frigo". Kuchokera m'maselo, zinthu zopanda kachilombo zimakula ndikusungidwa m'firiji mpaka masika. M'chaka chiri thawed ndi chobzala m'nthaka. Pambuyo masiku 65-85, pamene chomeracho chinakulira ndikubweretsa zokolola, icho chimawonongedwa ndi kukumba. Kotero kasupe wotsatirana wotsatira. Matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda musati tisonkhanitse, chifukwa chakuti alibe kanthu kozizira, chifukwa palibe chakudya. Ngati mukukula ndi strawberries, nthaka imakhala nthawi yayitali, ndipo zakudya zimakhala zotalika.