Cholesterol ndi chiyani?
Biologically, kolesterolini ndi imodzi mwa ofunika kwambiri oimira sterols - organic substances a gulu la steroids zachirengedwe biologically yogwira zinthu. Monga tanenera poyamba, zimatengera gawo limodzi mwachangu.
Komabe, cholesterol imakhalanso ndi zinthu zina zoipa. Choncho zomwe zili pamwambazi zingayambitse chitukuko cha atherosclerosis. Matenda ake okwera m'magazi amatha kuonedwa ndi matenda a shuga, gout, matenda oopsa kwambiri, hypothyroidism, kunenepa kwambiri, kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa ubongo, matenda a chiwindi ndi matenda ena. Zingakhalenso kuchepa kwa cholesterol, mwachitsanzo, ndi matenda otsatirawa: Matenda aakulu ndi odwala, matenda aakulu omwe ali ndi magazi ambiri m'chiwindi, matenda ambiri opatsirana, hyperthyroidism.
Cholesterol sichitha m'madzi, koma ikhoza kupasuka mu zinthu monga mowa, esters, acetone, zina zotsekemera, komanso mafuta ndi zinyama. Chofunika kwambiri cha chilengedwe cha cholesterol mu mphamvu yake yopanga esters pakuchita ndi mafuta acids. Ndizochita zotere, maonekedwe a makina okongola kwambiri amawoneka-malowa ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popeza magazi chifukwa cha cholesterol.
Cholesterol imagwira ntchito
Cholesterol imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri za thupi - imapanga ma acid acid mu thupi la munthu, kugonana ndi corticosteroid mahomoni, vitamini D3.
Ilo liri mu selo iliyonse ya thupi laumunthu, kuthandizira mawonekedwe awo. Pokhala mukupanga maselo a maselo, zimatsimikizira kuti amasankha zinthu zonse zomwe zimalowa m'seri ndikuzichotsa. Amachitanso nawo ntchito yoyendetsa ntchito ya michere ya maselo.
Kuwonongeka ndi kuchotsedwa kwa poizoni kuchokera mthupi kumatithandizanso ndi kutenga cholesterol. Kutembenukira mu mankhwala a bile, ndi mbali ya bile ndipo amagwira ntchito yogwira chakudya. Matenda a chiwindi amachititsa kusokonezeka kwa mapangidwe ndi kumasulidwa kwa kolesterolini, zomwe zimabweretsa kusungira magazi ndi kutaya mwa mawonekedwe a atherosclerotic plaques mu mitsempha ya mwazi.
Patsiku la 500 mg ya cholesterol mu thupi la munthu ndi oxidized kuti bile acids, pafupifupi kuchuluka komwe kumatulutsidwa ndi nyansi zofiira, ndi mafuta a khungu - pafupifupi 100 mg.
Cholesterol "chothandiza" komanso "chovulaza"
Cholesterol ndi mbali ya mapuloteni ovuta kwambiri (lipoprotein) plasma a magazi a anthu ndi nyama. Chifukwa cha zovuta zimenezi zimasamutsidwa ku ziwalo ndi ziwalo. Chomwe chimatchedwa lipoprotein complexes (LDL) mu thupi lalikulu chimakhala ndi 70% ya cholesterol, pafupifupi 9-10% ya izo ndi mbali yochepa kwambiri ya lipoproteins (VLDL), ndipo pafupifupi 20-24% ya cholesterol imakhala ndipamwamba kwambiri lipoproteins (HDL) . Ndi LDL yomwe imalimbikitsa mapangidwe a atherosclerotic plaques omwe amachititsa kuti atherosclerosis. Ndizolembedwa mu LDL ndipo ndi "choopsa" cha cholesterol.
Koma HDL ili ndi anti-atherosclerotic effect. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ndi kupezeka kwake m'magazi a nyama zina zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti asamakhale ndi matenda a atherosclerosis. Motero, HDL ili ndi "cholesterol" chothandiza, chomwe chimasamutsidwa kwa iwo chifukwa cha catabolism m'chiwindi.
Poyamba, ankakhulupirira kuti cholesterol yonse ndi imene imayambitsa matenda a atherosclerosis, kotero madokotala analimbikitsa kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zakudya ndi zam'mwamba. Masiku ano zakhala zikudziwika kale kuti chifukwa cha chitukuko cha atherosclerosis ndizofunikira mafuta a nyama omwe amachokera ku LDL, ndipo omwe ali olemera mu mafuta odzaza mafuta. Matenda a mitsempha ya m'magazi amachititsanso kuti tizikhala timadzi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Koma kukhalapo kwa mafuta a masamba ku chakudya chaumunthu, chomwe chimachokera ku HDL, ndiko "kothandiza" kolesterolini, ndikofunika kwambiri, chifukwa ndiko kupewa matenda a atherosclerosis.
Chizolowezi cha cholesterol mu magazi
Ponena za chinthu chilichonse chomwe chili m'magazi, cholesterol ili ndi zikhazikitso zake zokha, koma kwa amuna ziwerengerozo ndi zazikulu. Kotero cholesterol chonse chiyenera kukhala pamtunda wa 3.0-6.0 mmol / L, mlingo woyenera wa cholesterol "choipa" (LDL) ndi 1.92-4.82 mmol / l ndi "zothandiza" (HDL) - 0,7- 2.28 mmol / l.