Oimira.
Muraya wosasangalatsa (Latin Murraya exotica L.), kapena M. paniculata (L.) Jack. Kumudzi kwathu ndizilumba za Sumatra, Java, Philippine, Peninsula ya Indochina, Malacca ndi India. Muraya zosakanikirana ndi mtengo waukulu kwambiri mpaka mamita 4. Komabe, kumalo amkati ndi chitsamba chofiira (30-50 cm pamwamba) kapena mtengo wa bushy (pafupifupi 1.5 mamita). Makungwawo ali ndi malaya oyera kapena achikasu. Nthambizi ndizochepa kwambiri, zazing'ono zazing'ono zophimba tsitsi. Zimayambira ndi zovuta, choncho chomera chikusowa chithandizo. Masamba ali opanda mphamvu, ovuta kwambiri, okonzedweratu. Mapepala (3-5 ma PC). Kodi lalikulu-lanceolate, muli ndi m'mphepete umodzi. Chifukwa chakuti lalikulu kwambiri (3-5 cm kutalika) tsamba lili pamwamba, ndipo yaying'ono (1 masentimita) - kuchokera pansipa, korona wa mtengo umawonekera airy ndi wosakhwima.
Kawirikawiri mapaundi a masamba amasunthirana. Masambawo ndi obiriwira, okometsetsa, okoma ndi mandimu akamagubudulidwa, choncho amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zonunkhira pophika. Maluwawo ndi ofanana ndi mapuloteni, mpaka mamita 1.8 masentimita, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence ya scutellum, yomwe ili pamwamba, imakhala ndi fungo la jasmine. Zipatso zofiira zimadya, zozungulira kapena zozungulira, 2-3 masentimita awiri.
Malamulo osamalira.
Kuunikira. Nyumba ya muraia imakonda kuwala kowala. Kukula kumayenera kukhala pawindo lakummawa kapena kumadzulo. Mpindo wakumpoto wa chomeracho sungakhale ndi kuwala kokwanira, chifukwa maluwawo adzakhala ofooka. Pawindo lakumwera la murai m'pofunika kumeta mokuwa pogwiritsa ntchito nsalu yopangidwa ndi tizilombo tomwe timapanga. M'chilimwe, chomeracho chiyenera kutengedwa kumtunda, n'kuchisiya pamalo amdima.
Pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira, pakakhala masiku ochepa a dzuwa, m'pofunika kuti pang'onopang'ono muzira Muzira akhale ndi dzuwa kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi ya usana imakula.
Kutentha kwa boma. M'nyengo yotentha ya chaka, kutentha kwakukulu kwa murai ndi 20-25 ° C. Kuyambira m'dzinja, ndibwino kuchepetsa pang'ono kutentha kwa zomera. M'nyengo yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisunge 16-18 ° C.
Kuthirira. Muraya ndi mbewu yomwe imakonda kuthirira, makamaka kuyambira masika mpaka autumn. M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi yachisanu, madzi okwanira ayenera kuchepetsedwa kukhala amodzi. Mulimonsemo, musalole nthaka kuti iume, chifukwa mizu sidzatha chifukwa cha izi. Madzi ayenera kutsatiridwa ndi madzi otsika.
Chinyezi. Chomeracho ndi chopanda nzeru kwa chinyezi, chimakonda kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Ulamulilo wovomerezeka wa kusamalira murai ndi kupopera mbewu tsiku ndi tsiku. Kamodzi pa sabata, zimalimbikitsa kusamba masamba ndi madzi ofunda kapena kuyika chomera pansi. Nthawi zina mphika wokhala ndi mtengo umayikidwa pamphuno yodzaza ndi peat kapena udongo.
Kupaka pamwamba. Muyenera kudyetsa muraiya milungu iwiri iliyonse, kuyambira masika mpaka autumn.
Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito kuvala pamwamba pa feteleza komanso feteleza, ndikusintha mosiyana.
Chomera cha muraia chimalekerera kudulira komwe kumapanga korona.
Kusindikiza. Mbewu zazing'ono zimalimbikitsidwa kuti ziziikidwa chaka chilichonse, akuluakulu - kamodzi kamodzi mu zaka 2-3. Kuti mupange, muyenera kugwiritsira ntchito gawo lotayirira la zakudya. Mapangidwe ake a zomera zachinyamata ndi awa: sod, tsamba, humus ndi mchenga mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1: 0,5: 1. Kuika mkati mwa murai wachikulire, ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lapansi ndi masamba ambiri. Iyenera kuperekedwa pansi pa mphika wabwino ngalande.
Kubalana. Izi chomera chamkati chimabereka vegetatively (cuttings) ndi mbewu.
Mbewu imafesedwa nthawi iliyonse ya chaka, kumera kwake kuli kwakukulu.
Mitundu ya cuttings imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zowonjezera. Ayenera kubzalidwa kumapeto kwa kasupe ndikusungunuka kutentha (26-30 ° C). Cuttings ndi mizu yomwe inakhazikitsidwa ndi kuziika mu 7 masentimita miphika. Pakuikapo gwiritsani ntchito gawo lapansi la zotsatirazi: masamba - 1h, humus - 0.5h, sod - 1h. ndi mchenga - 1h.
Zovuta za chisamaliro. Ngati masamba a muraiya ayamba kufota pakati ndi pamphepete, izi zikutanthauza kuti chomeracho chimawotcha. Ngati nsonga za masamba zimakhala zouma kapena peduncles ikugwa, chomeracho chimasungidwa mu mpweya wouma kwambiri.
Tizilombo: nkhanambo, kangaude, whitefly.