M'zaka zaposachedwapa, mphumu mwa ana yakhala ikukumana nawo mochuluka, kukhala vuto lalikulu m'mayiko onse padziko lapansi. Tonsefe timadziwa zambiri za matendawa, komabe mafunso ambiri amakhalabe osayankhidwa. Zowonjezera ziri zomveka: mphumu ndi nthenda yobadwa nayo yapamwamba yopuma. Kawirikawiri imakula pamene imafikira fumbi, mungu, utsi wa fodya, tsitsi la nyama kapena nkhawa. Nthendayi sichiritsika. Chikhalidwe chingathe kuchepetsedwa ndi chithandizo cha inhalers yapadera. Mulimonse, mwana yemwe akudwala mphumu amakhala moyo wamba. Izi zimatsiriza chidziwitso chathu cha mphumu. Koma matendawa ali ndi "ziphuphu" zambiri. Ndipo nkofunika kudziwa zizindikiro. Ndipotu, kumayambiriro, matenda aliwonse amachiritsidwa mosavuta. Ndipo pali njira zambiri zamankhwala masiku ano. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zonse zomwe mukufuna kudziwa zokhudza asthma kwa ana.
Kodi mphumu ndi chiyani?
Phumu ndi mkhalidwe umene umakhudza mpweya (bronchi) m'mapapu. Nthaŵi ndi nthawi mpweyawo umakhala wochepa kwambiri, izi zimabweretsa zizindikiro zofanana. Mlingo wa kupopera, ndi nthawi yayitali yomwe iliyonse imachitika, ingakhale yosiyana kwambiri. Zimadalira zaka, siteji ya matenda, chilengedwe. Nthempho ingayambe pa msinkhu uliwonse, koma nthawi zambiri imayamba muubwana. Ana osachepera ana khumi (10) aliwonse amavutika ndi mphumu, ndipo pakati pa akuluakulu (1) alionse (20) aliwonse amadwala matenda opatsirana pogonana (Asthma) ndi nthendayi, koma anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vutoli alibe achibale omwe ali ndi matenda omwewo.
Zizindikiro za mphumu mwa ana.
Zizindikiro zofala zimakhala zikukhwima ndipo zimapuma. Mutha kuona momwe mwanayo amatha kukhalira, amamva kuti ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Zizindikiro zingakhale zosiyana ndi zochepa mpaka mwana mmodzimodzi nthawi zosiyana. Gawo lirilonse lingathe kukhala ola limodzi kapena awiri, kapena kupitirira kwa masiku angapo kapena masabata, ngati sichikuchitiridwa.
Zizindikiro zofanana ndi mphumu yofatsa.
Nthawi zonse mumatha kuona zizindikiro zochepa. Mwachitsanzo, phokoso lofewa ndi chifuwa, ngati: nyumba ikuzizira, mwanayo amazizira, panthawi ya chimfine, pamene mwana wathamangira. Ana omwe ali ndi mphumu yofewa amatha kupopera usiku uliwonse, koma nthawi zambiri chifuwa chimapezeka tsiku lonse.
Zizindikiro zofanana ndi mphumu yochepa ya mphumu.
Popanda chithandizo: nthawi zambiri (pamasewero) nthawi yochepa mpweya ndikukakokera nthawi ndi nthawi. Nthawi zina mwanayo amadwala. Pakhoza kukhala nthawi yaitali popanda zizindikiro. Komabe, mwanayo, monga lamulo, "akuwombera" kwa kanthawi masiku ambiri. Vuto limakhala loipa usiku, kapena m'mawa. Mwana akhoza kuuka mausiku angapo motsatira chifuwa. Ana aang'ono kwa chaka sangakhale ndi zizindikiro za zizindikiro. Zingakhale zovuta - kusiyanitsa kusiyana pakati pa matenda a mphumu ndi matenda omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Zizindikiro zofanana ndi vuto lalikulu la chifuwa cha mphumu.
Liwu limakhala loopsya kwambiri, pali "kuuma" mu chifuwa ndi kupuma pang'ono. Mwanayo akhoza kukhala ovuta kufotokozera. Amayamba kukhumudwa. Zizindikiro zazikulu zikhoza kukula mwadzidzidzi, ngati poyamba mwanayo anali ndi zofooka kapena zofooka.
Nchiyani chimayambitsa mphumu?
Nthempho imayambitsa kutupa kwa tsamba lopuma. Koma chifukwa chake kutupa uku sikuchitika sikudziwika bwino. Kutupa kumapweteka minofu kuzungulira mphepo, ndipo imawapangitsa kuti agwirizane. Izi zimabweretsa njira yocheperapo. Ndikovuta kuti mpweya uzilowa mkati ndi kunja kwa mapapo. Izi zimayambitsa kupuma ndi kupuma pang'ono. Mu bronchi, ntchentche imasonkhanitsa, zomwe zimayambitsa kutsokomola ndi kutsekereza kwa kutuluka kwa mpweya.
Chimene chingapangitse mwana kukhala wovuta ndi mphumu.
Zizindikiro za mphumu zimapezeka nthawi zambiri popanda chifukwa. Komabe, akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti zizindikirozo zimayambitsa kapena kuwonjezeka m'mavuto ena. Zinthu zomwe zingayambitse zizindikiro za asthmatic zikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi.
- Matenda. Makamaka ozizira, chifuwa, ndi chifuwa matenda.
- Flower mungu ndi nkhungu. Nyengo ya hay fever ndi nthawi yodziwika yothandizira matenda a mphumu.
- Thupi la thupi. Komabe, masewero ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi sagwirizanitsidwa ndi mwana yemwe ali ndi mphumu! Ngati ndi kotheka, mungamupatse inhaler musanaphunzire kuti asatengeke.
- Mankhwala ena. Mwachitsanzo, ana amodzi mwa ana 50 ali ndi mphumu zimatsutsana ndi aspirin. Mankhwala ena omwe angayambitse matenda a asthmatic ndi awa: anti-inflammatory, analgesic, ndi beta-blockers (propranolol, atenolol, kapena timolol). Ndiponso, beta-blockers ndi madontho a diso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira glaucoma.
- Utsi wa sakudu. Ana onse amayeneranso kukhala m'nyumba yopanda utsi. Makamaka ana omwe ali ndi mphumu yakuda.
- Mawiri a utoto, solvents ndi kuipitsidwa. Kuchulukitsa kuwonongeka kwa mpweya kungayambitse chifuwa cha mphumu, ndipo zikukhala zofala kwambiri.
- Kusokonezeka maganizo. Mafupa sagwidwa chifukwa cha "mitsempha," koma zinthu monga nkhawa kapena mantha zimayambitsa kugunda.
- Zosokoneza nyama. Nyama sizimayambitsa zizindikiro nthawi zambiri, koma anthu ena amazindikira kuti zizindikiro zawo zimakhala zoyipa pamene ali pafupi ndi nyama zina.
- Mitikiti mu fumbi la nyumba. Ichi ndi cholengedwa chaching'ono chomwe chimakhala mu mattresses ndi fumbi kuzungulira nyumbayo. Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi vutoli, zizindikiro zake zikhoza kuwonjezereka. N'zosatheka kuthetsa fumbi bwinobwino. Kusintha kwapadera nambala yawo kungakhale, koma zimatenga nthawi yambiri ndi khama, ndipo zimaphatikizapo: kuyeretsa kawirikawiri zamadzi, zida zapadera za mateti, kuchotsa ma carpets, toyese zofewa.
- Zakudya zina. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri.
Kuchiza kwa mphumu. Inhalers.
Anthu ambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphumu mu inhalers. Ndi chithandizo chawo, mlingo wawung'ono wa mankhwalawo umaperekedwa mwachindunji pamapepala opuma. Mankhwalawa ndi okwanira kuchiza matenda opuma. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amagwera mu thupi lonse ndi osayenerera. Zotsatira zake sizingatheke. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya inhaler yopangidwa ndi makampani osiyanasiyana.
The inhaler ndi attenuator. Amatenga pamodzi ndi iye kuti athetse zizindikirozo. Mankhwalawa mu inhaler iyi amachepetsa minofu ya kapepala ka kupuma. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zazikulu, ndipo zizindikiro zimatuluka mofulumira. Mankhwala awa amatchedwa "bronchodilators", pamene akuwonjezera bronchi (tsamba la kupuma). Pali mankhwala osiyana-othandizira. Mwachitsanzo, salbutamol ndi terbutaline. Iwo amabwera mu zosiyana, zopangidwa ndi makampani osiyana. Ngati zizindikiro za mwana wanu zikuwoneka "nthawi ndi nthawi", ndiye kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito inhaler yoteroyo. Komabe, ngati mukusowa inhaler katatu patsiku kapena kupitilira kuchepetsa zizindikiro, ndizitetezera-inhaler nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa.
The inhaler-kupewa. Amadzimana yekha tsiku ndi tsiku kuti ateteze zizindikiro. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mmenemo ndi steroid. Steroids ndi cholinga chochepetsa kutupa m'mlengalenga. Izi zimatenga masiku asanu ndi awiri ndi asanu ndi awiri (7-14), mpaka zotsatira za mankhwalawa zidzalowa mwamphamvu. Choncho, inhaler imeneyi sichidzathandiza mpumulo uliwonse. Komabe, patatha sabata yothandizira, zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimatha kapena nambala yawo yachepa kwambiri. Asanafike pamtunda waukulu, izo zingatenge kuchokera masabata anai mpaka asanu ndi limodzi. Pambuyo pake, musagwiritse ntchito nthawi yowonjezera. Ndipo ndi bwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito konse.
Kuyambira nthawi yaitali. Ikhoza kuperekedwa ndi dokotala kuwonjezera pa steroid inhaler. Ndikofunikira kwa mwana ngati zizindikiro sizikulamuliridwa ndi steroid inhaler. Kukonzekera mu mavitaminiwa kumagwira ntchito maola 12 mutatha kumwa mlingo uliwonse. Amaphatikizapo salmeterol ndi formoterol. Mitundu ina ya inhalers imakhala ndi, kuphatikizapo, ma steroids achitali.
Zowonjezereka mankhwala opatsirana ndi mphumu.
Pulogalamu yotsegula mpweya.
Anthu ambiri samasowa mapiritsi, popeza inhalers amagwira ntchito bwino. Komabe, nthawi zina mapiritsi (kapena kuti madzi a mtundu wa madzi) amalembedwa kuwonjezera pa inhalers ngati zizindikiro sizikulepheretsedweratu. Ana ena aang'ono amapatsidwa mankhwala amadzi m'malo mwa inhaler.
Mapiritsi a Steroid.
Maphunziro afupipafupi m'mapiritsi (mwachitsanzo, prednisone) nthawi zina ndi ofunika kuthetsa mavuto aakulu a mphumu. Mapiritsi a Steroid ndi abwino kuchepetsa kutupa mumlengalenga. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mwanayo akudwala matenda ozizira kapena achifuwa.
Anthu ena akuda nkhaŵa polemba mapiritsi a steroid. Komabe, kanthawi kochepa ka steroids m'mapiritsi (kwa sabata kapena apo) kawirikawiri amagwira ntchito bwino, ndipo sichikhoza kuchititsa zotsatira. Zambiri za zotsatira zoyambitsidwa ndi mapiritsi a steroid zimawonetseredwa ngati mupereka kwa mwana wanu kwa nthawi yaitali (kuposa miyezi ingapo).
Palibe njira yopezera mphumu kwa aliyense. Komabe, pafupi theka la ana amene amayamba mphumu, amagawana ndi matendawa asanakhale akuluakulu. Ngakhale sizidziwika bwinobwino momwe izi zimachitikira, ndizoona. Koma ngakhale kuti mphumu siinathenso msinkhu, njira zamakono zamakono zimathandizira kukhala ndi matendawa ndi moyo wathanzi. Choncho, ngati mwana wanu ali ndi mphumu, musawope. Sonkhanitsani zambiri zokhudza zomwe mukufuna kudziwa zokhudza asthma kwa ana. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuthetsa vutoli mosavuta.