Pali mitundu pafupifupi zana ya zomera za Fuchsia (Fuchsia L.) wa banja la Cyprinidae. Mitengo imeneyi yafala ku Central ndi South America, imapezeka m'malo ena kuzilumba za Tahiti ndi New Zealand. Chomeracho chinatchedwa dzina la Fuans wa ku Germany.
Maluwa okongola kwambiri ndi malo otchuka omwe amakula ngati chomera cha ampel kapena mtengo wa sham. Fuchsia ndi wodzichepetsa. Ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti zimakhala zozizira kwambiri, ndipo zitatha maluwa zimatulutsa masamba ake.
Malamulo osamalira mbewu
Kuunikira. Mitengo yam'mlengalenga imakhala ndi kuwala kowala, komanso dzuwa limakhala madzulo komanso m'mawa. Chomeracho chikhoza kuikidwa pafupi ndi mawindo akumadzulo ndi kummawa. Ngati ili pawindo la kumwera kwa dziko, ndiye kuti ndi kofunika kuti mdima ukhale wowala. Mukayikidwa kumbali yakumpoto, chomeracho chimatambasula kwambiri ndipo chimamasula pang'ono. Kuyenera kuganiziridwa kuti maluwa otentha sangathe kusunthira kumalo ena ndi kusinthasintha, kuti asagwe kugwa ndi maluwa. Poyika chomera cha fuchsia panja m'nyengo ya chilimwe, m'pofunika kuti pang'onopang'ono zizoloŵezi zowunikira kuti pasakhale kutentha kwa dzuwa.
Kutentha kwa boma. Pakati pa kukula kwachangu, kutentha kwa mbeu kumakhala pafupifupi 18-25 ° C. Fuchsia amamva bwino mumlengalenga, koma ayenera kutetezedwa ku kuwala kwenikweni ndi kulemba. M'nyengo yozizira, malo a fuchsia ayenera kukhala owala ndi ozizira, ndi otentha kutentha kwa 5-10 ° C. Fuchsia imalekerera nyengo yozizira ndi firiji, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo ikhoza kutaya pafupifupi masamba onse, ndipo mphukira idzatambasula kwambiri. Chomera sichimalekerera kutuluka kwa mpweya, koma kutentha kwa chipinda ndikofunika kutetezera ku ma drafts.
Kuthirira. Pakati pa masika mpaka October, madzi okwanira ambiri amapatsidwa madzi ofunda osatha. Dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala losakanizidwa nthawi zonse. Chifukwa cha chilimwe maluwa, kumapeto kwa nyengo, kuthirira kuchepetsedwa, ndipo kuchokera mu Oktoba pafupifupi kuima. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kosavuta kumachitika m'chipinda chozizira, ndipo ngati chomeracho chimasungidwa m'chipinda chofunda, ndiye kuti kuthirira kwawonjezeka.
Pakati pa zomera, fuchsia iyenera kupopedwa ndi madzi oima, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwa mpweya kumachitika kawiri patsiku. M'dzinja, kupopera kumachepetsedwa, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, kuyimitsa kumaimitsa palimodzi.
Kupaka pamwamba. Pakati pa nyengo yosakaniza, kuyambitsa kukula kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa masika mpaka autumn, zomera zimamera, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mchere feteleza kamodzi pa masiku 15-20. M'nyengo yozizira, zomera sizifuna feteleza.
Maluwa ndi maonekedwe. Kuchokera kumapeto kwa kasupe, pokhala ndi kuthirira bwino komanso kumveka pamwamba, nyumbazi zimakhala zabwino mpaka nthawi yachisanu. Fuchsia fruity zokoma zipatso. Pa nthawi ya maluwa, nkofunika kuchepetsa maluwa oundana kuti apangidwe maluwa atsopano. Nthawi ya maluwa imatha kupitirira ngakhale nyengo yozizira isanayambe chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa fuchsia m'nyumba kusanayambe nyengo ya chilimwe, ndiyeno chomera chimayikidwa pa loggia ndi kumunda wam'mbuyo. M'nthawi ya chilimwe, kudulidwa mobwerezabwereza kumachitika.
Ngati nyengo yachisanu mu chipinda sichidawonetsetse mphamvu ya kutentha, ndiye kuti chomeracho chimagwera masamba ndi kutambasula. Pakubwera kasupe, kudula kwakukulu kosabala, kumawongolera kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano, kupereka mitundu yambiri ya mitundu. Zowonongeka zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popitiriza kufalitsa monga cuttings.
Pofuna kuonjezera chiwerengero cha maluwa ndi kusintha maonekedwe a zomera, chomeracho chiyenera kudula kapena kusweka. Kupititsa patsogolo kukula kwa mphukira ku nthambi zazing'ono kumathera mapeto a tsinde, mutatha masamba atatu awiri. Izi zimachitika nthawi zonse pamene kumera kumbali kumapanga atatu awiri a masamba.
Poyamba kasupe, isanayambe zomera, fuchsia imachepetsedwa ndi mizu ndi kubzalidwa ndi zofunikira zowonjezera. Mukasamukira, mphukira yaitali zimadulidwa ndi theka kapena theka. Ampelnye zomera sizidula, tk. kukongoletsa kwawo kukongola kumakhala kutalika kwa kutalika kwa mphukira. Nthaka yobzala katchsia ikhoza kukonzedwa, mwachitsanzo, osakaniza pang'ono (pH 5.8-6). Ndi kotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mchere wosakaniza wopangidwa ndi magawo awiri a peat, magawo atatu a nthaka yamadzi, ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga kapena magawo atatu a clayey sod, magawo awiri a nthaka yotentha ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga ndi peat pang'ono. Pansi pa mphika, madzi okwanira ayenera kuperekedwa, osachepera 1/5 wa kutalika kwa chidebecho kuti apulumuke.
Mitengo yatsopano yomwe idabzalidwa imaikidwa m'malo ndi kuunika bwino, madzi okwanira ndi kuthiridwa.
Kuti ikule mwamsanga ndi maluwa m'nyengo yachilimwe, fuchsia ikhoza kubwezeretsedwa mu gawo lapansi la zakudya.
Kubalana. Fuchsia ndi chomera chofalitsa chomwe mbewu ndi cuttings zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ndi cuttings (kutalika kwa 5-7 masentimita), fuchsia imafalikira kuyambira February mpaka March, gawo lina kuyambira August mpaka September. Mizu ikuoneka pa cuttings mwamsanga, kwa masiku 20-25, m'madzi, lotayirira dothi kapena mchenga firiji. Cuttings ndi overgrown mizu obzalidwa m'nthaka yopangidwa ndi humus, mchenga, tsamba ndi malo osungira (zonse zimatengedwa limodzi). Phika ayenera kukhala ndi masentimita 9. Kuti mupeze zowonjezera zowonjezera, zidutswa zingapo zimadzalidwa mumphika uliwonse. Mitengo yatsopano yomwe idabzalidwa imayamba kuphulika chaka chomwecho. M'chilimwe, pofuna kuwonjezera kukongola kwa nthambi, nsonga ziyenera kudula kangapo. Maphunziro omwe ali ndi kukula kwazing'ono kudula mu August.
Mbewu zoberekera zimapezeka pambuyo poti pollination. Pogwiritsa ntchito mapulitsidwe osiyana siyana a zomera ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, zatsopano zimatha kupezeka ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinyama imatha kufalikira.
Zosatheka zovuta
Kwa fuchsia nthawi ya zomera ndi maluwa, m'pofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzimitsa chipinda.
Pamene wintering zomera mu chipinda chofunda ndi mphamvu kuthirira, ndipo ngati m'chilimwe iwo sapereka feteleza ndi pang'ono kuthirira, kapena zomera salandira pang'ono, nyengo maluwa kuchepetsedwa kwambiri.
M'nyengo yozizira, fuchsia imataya zonse kapena mbali ya masamba. Pakuwonongeka kwathunthu kwa masamba, chomeracho chiyenera kusungidwa ndi kuwala. Ngati masamba amawoneka m'nyengo yozizira, ayenera kudulidwa.
Masamba angagwe ngati alibe kuwala, kuthirira kapena kutentha kwa mpweya wouma.
Ngati pali kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotentha, wochuluka kapena wosakwanira madzi okwanira ndi kutsika kochepa, ndiye masamba akhoza kugwa.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chinyezi m'nthaka m'nyengo yozizira, mawanga achikasu ndi azungu amatha kuoneka pamasamba.
Simungasinthe malo a fuchsia pa maluwa ndi mapangidwe a mphukira, komanso mutabzala chomeracho, zonsezi zingayambitse maluwa ndi masamba.
Fuchsia akhoza kutenga kachilomboka ndi whitefly.