Zizindikiro za autism zikhoza kupezeka mwa ana aang'ono, koma matendawa amavumbulutsidwa Pokhapokha mwanayo akafika zaka zapakati pa 4-5. Autism alibe vuto lalikulu, ngakhale kuti kuwonetsetsa kwa mawonetseredwe opweteka kumasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Zomwe zimayambitsa ubwino wa mwana autism sizidziwikabe. Ana onse omwe ali ndi autism ali ndi mavuto m'zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku monga:
- mawu;
- kuyankhulana;
- khalidwe.
Kulankhulana
Ana onse omwe ali ndi autism amatha kuphunzira maluso molimba mtima, kale ali ocheperapo mavuto oyankhulana amadziwika bwino. Gawo la iwo sakhala ndi luso lofotokozera malingaliro awo ndi malingaliro awo mothandizidwa ndi chinenerocho. Mwana wodzitama samayesa kulankhula, mwachitsanzo, kupyolera mwa agukanya ndi kuyankhula kwa ana. Zina mwazinthu zowonjezera zimakhala ndi ana otere, koma nthawi zambiri zimawathandiza kuti azikhala otetezeka - mwanayo amayamba kufotokozera mawu osagwirizana kapena chilankhulidwe chake chimakhala chogwirizana ndi chilengedwe, akamabwereza mosavuta mawu omwe ena amalankhula, osamvetsa tanthauzo lake. Chifukwa cha mavuto a kulankhula, ana omwe ali ndi autism angaoneke ngati opanda pake komanso opanda chifundo. Ali ndi vuto pogwiritsa ntchito matchulidwe aumwini, mwachitsanzo, amatha kukamba zaokha mwa munthu wachitatu ndipo, monga lamulo, sadziwa momwe angayankhire zokambiranazo. Pomalizira, ana oterewa sangathe kusewera masewera omwe amafuna kukhalapo kwa chilengedwe ndi malingaliro. Vuto lalikulu kwa ana autistic ndikulankhulana ndi anthu ena; khalidwe lawo, makamaka, likudziwika ndi zotsatirazi:
- Iwo sali pa mawonedwe a kutentha, makamaka mu ndege.
- Iwo sangathe kumvetsa momwe munthu amaganizira ndi kumverera.
- Ngakhale atakhumudwa, samayesa kupeza njira yothetsera vutoli.
- Amapewa kuona munthu wina m'diso.
Chifukwa cha mavutowa, mwana wa autistic sakufuna kumanga ubale uliwonse ndi anthu ena ndipo ali kutali.
Makhalidwe a khalidwe
Ana omwe akuvutika ndi autism amayesa kudzigonjetsa okha ndi dziko lonse lozungulira kuti azitsatira mwamphamvu ndipo amakhumudwa kwambiri ngati zasweka. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti sangathe kumvetsa tanthauzo la zochitika zomwe zikuchitika ndi iwo ndikuwoneratu zomwe angathe; Chizoloŵezi chokhazikitsidwa chimakhala ngati njira yotetezera kuti apewe zodabwitsa zomwe zimawavutitsa. Ana ovomerezeka ali ndi zofuna zochepa, nthawi zambiri amatha kugwirizana ndi chinthu china, koma osati kwa munthu kapena chamoyo china. Masewera awo ndi osasangalatsa, amakula mogwirizana ndi zomwezo. Nthawi zina ana oterewa amatha kubwereza mobwerezabwereza zochita zina zopanda pake, mwachitsanzo, kuzungulira pozungulira kapena kupotoza zala zawo.
Zomwe amakhulupirira
Kuphatikizidwa ndi makhalidwe omwe alipo, ana ena omwe ali autistic. Zikhoza kusonyeza zachilendo zomwe zimamveka fungo, zithunzi ndi zithunzi. Anthu pawokha sangathe kuchita chilichonse chokhumudwitsa kapena ngakhale kukondwera pakudzipweteka okha. Autism ndi matenda osachiritsika, ndipo ngati mwana amapezeka, amafunikira pulogalamu yaumwini yophunzitsa okhudza gulu la akatswiri. Kukonza khalidwe ndi zovuta zowonongeka, chithandizo cha khalidwe chiyenera kutero. Autism imapezeka mwa anyamata 3-4 nthawi zambiri kuposa atsikana. Komanso, kusiyana pakati pa kugonana ndi kufalikira kwa matendawa kumatchulidwa pamtunda wapamwamba wa nzeru; mu gulu la ana omwe ali ndi IQ yochepa, chiŵerengero cha anyamata ndi atsikana omwe akudwala autism ndi chimodzimodzi. Pa theka la chiwerengero cha ana a autistic, msinkhu wochenjera umasonyeza kuphwanya kukhoza kuphunzira kuchokera ku zovuta zolimbitsa kukwaniritsa maphunziro. 10-20% okha ali ndi nzeru zokwanira kuti aziphunzira bwino. Kukula kwa autism sikugwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha banja la mwana wodwala.
Mphamvu Zapadera
Kawirikawiri, autism imakhala yowonongeka kwambiri kwa ana omwe ali ndi kulemala. Komabe, anthu ena autistic ali ndi luso lapadera, monga kukumbukira kachitidwe kawirikawiri. Pafupifupi 10-30% a odwala autism nthawi ndi nthawi amatha kugwidwa. Ngati mwana atapezeka kuti ali ndi autism, banja lonse likusowa thandizo la akatswiri omwe ayenera kuwaphunzitsa kumvetsetsa wodwalayo ndikuchita mogwirizana ndi iye. Ndikofunika kuti maphunziro a mwana wa autistic azichitika m'malo ake abwino. Pali masukulu apadera omwe ali ndi ndondomeko yosinthidwa ndikugogomezera kupeza chilankhulo cha ana ndi chinenero cholankhulana.
Njira zochizira
Thandizo lachikhalidwe limapangidwa kuti likhale ndi khalidwe lovomerezeka labwino kwa mwana, komanso kuchotsa zochita ndi zizoloŵezi zomwe zimalepheretsa kuphunzira, monga kudzivulaza kapena khalidwe lodzikakamiza. Nthawi zina, mankhwala amagwiritsidwanso ntchito, koma mwa njira yocheperapo: fenfluramine imaperekedwa kuti iwononge zochita mobwerezabwereza; chifukwa choletsedwa kuwonjezereka - haloperidol kapena pimozide. Njira imodzi, yomwe inatchulidwa ndi wasayansi wa ku Japan, Higashi (yemwenso amadziwika kuti ndi "mankhwala a tsiku ndi tsiku"), imaphatikizapo nyimbo limodzi ndi luso lochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti aphunzitse mwanayo njira yodziŵika bwino ndi malo odziwika bwino. Ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa chithandizo imasewera ndi kulankhula ndi chinenero. Ponena za ana omwe sagwiritsa ntchito chinenerocho, njira zina zogwiritsira ntchito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa kuyankhulana ndi kuyanjana ndi mwanayo.
Zifukwa za Autism
Malingana ndi kuti autism ndi yogwirizana kwambiri ndi kuphunzirira kulemala ndi khunyu, asayansi amayamba kufunafuna chifukwa cha matendawa mwa kusalinganikirana kwachilengedwe. Pakadali pano, palibe wina atayandikira kufotokozera kuti ziri mu ubongo wa odwala autism kuti izi siziri choncho. Pali kufanana pakati pa chitukuko cha matendawa ndi minofu yapamwamba ya magazi ya serotonin yowonjezera kapena yophatikizapo, koma tsatanetsatane wa njira zowonongeka sizinakwaniritsidwe. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zonse zimakhala zovuta kudziwa chifukwa china chilichonse, autism imagwirizanitsidwa ndi zovulala zapereinatal, congenital rubella, phenylketonuria, ndi infantile convulsions.
Chiphunzitso cha Reason
Ponena za lingaliro lalingaliro, anthu amakhulupirira kuti autistic imakhala ndi kusowa kwa ntchito zina zomwe zimafotokozedwa mkati mwa lingaliro lotchedwa "lingaliro la malingaliro". Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu awa satha kumva kapena kuganizira zomwe munthu wina akuganiza, sangathe kufotokoza zolinga zake.