Nthawi zonse ndimamwa mowa ndi anzanga tikamapita ku mafilimu kapena kutuluka. Ndipo ndi vuto liti? "- Anatero Denis, wa zaka 15, akulankhula ndi vuto, yemwe tinakumana naye pafupi ndi malo ogulitsa ku Sokolniki. "Popanda mwayi wotsatsa kapena mowa palibe chochita," akutero Sonya kwa zaka 14. Danila akugwirizana ndi zokambirana zathu, ali pafupifupi 15: "Timamwa kuti tisangalale, tiseke ... Sitiyenera kudandaula, sitinali zidakwa ..." Kuti tigule mowa m'sitolo, ndi zina zotero mu khola lozungulira pangodya , sivuta, ngakhale kuti malamulo amaletsa kugulitsa mowa kwa ana, makamaka pafupi ndi sukulu. Zoona, zonse zimawoneka mosiyana: kusintha kwa sukulu, ana amatha kuthamanga mowa mwauchidakwa kapena chinachake cholimba. Makolo amawopa kwambiri ndi mayesero a ana omwe ali ndi mowa. Sitikusamalira thanzi lawo, kumvetsetsa zomwe zingabweretse mowa mopitirira muyeso. Nthawi zina sitidziwa momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito mowa, ngati ndibwino kuti tigwiritse ntchito zowonongeka komanso zomwe tingachite ngati mwanayo abwerera kunyumba bwinobwino.
Chifukwa chomwe iwo amachitira izo
Awiri pa atatu aliwonse a ku Russia a zaka zapakati pa 13 ndi 16 amamwa mowa nthawi zonse, koma ambiri amadziŵa bwino vinyo ndi mowa kuyambira ali ndi zaka khumi. Ana a msinkhu uwu nthawi zambiri amaganiza kuti akulu samawakonda kwambiri, samawasamalira, amamva kuti ali ndi vuto la mkati komanso kusungulumwa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mowa mwauchidakwa. Achinyamata amasangalala ndi kumasuka komanso ufulu umene umadza chifukwa chaledzera. Ndipotu, mowa ndi mankhwala othandiza kwambiri. Zimathandiza kuthetsa nkhawa, kuchotsa manyazi, zovuta, zolepheretsa kulankhulana. " Kuonjezera apo, mowa ndi ndudu ndizo zokha zokha zowonjezera ndipo makamaka zikhumbo zokongola za dziko lachikulire. Achinyamata amaganiza kuti mowa umawapangitsa kukhala okalamba, choncho amafuna kumwa magalasi ndi magalasi. Mwa kulumikizana, chotero, pokhala wamkulu, amakakamiza makolo kuzindikira kuti atha kale kukhala ana. Ndipotu, si achinyamata onse omwe amakonda kukoma, anthu ambiri amakhumudwa. Koma ngakhalenso ngati nkhaniyo imatha poizoni, mowa umatenga malo ofunika kwambiri m'maganizo awo okhudzana ndi kukula, zomwe zimawavuta kuti asiye kumwa mowa. Musamathandizire ndi kuyankhula za kuledzeretsa kwa mowa: pa zaka 14 za thanzi zimawoneka zopanda malire. Achinyamata samangokhulupirira ife, samagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zathu mozama, kotero mawu aliwonse akuluakulu amakumana ndi kukana: "Chifukwa chiyani inu ndi ine simungathe?" Chofunika china ndi "collectivism". Mnyamata akusowa anthu amodzi, komwe amawoneka ngati munthu. Zaka zapitazo ndizo nthawi yokhayo pamoyo wathu, pamene lingaliro la kukhala m'gulu, miyezo ya makhalidwe abwino, malingaliro a anzako si ofunikira, koma ndizofunikira kuti pakhale chitukuko cha munthuyo. Ndicho chifukwa chake, mukamamwa mowa, achinyamata amawoneka kuti sakuwoneka bwino pamaso pa abwenzi ndipo sangathe kuima. Amamwa mochuluka ndi zonse zomwe zili mzere, kusakaniza zakumwa zosiyana pa nsanja, zomwe zimaledzera nthawi zambiri. Poyesera makina ochita masewero olimbitsa thupi, omwe amachitidwa ndi gulu la akatswiri a maganizo a anthu omwe amatsogoleredwa ndi Pulofesa Temple University (USA), Laurence Steinberg (Laurence Steinberg), osewera anapatsidwa mwayi: ayimire chizindikiro cha njuga kapena magalimoto. Akusewera okha, akulu ndi achinyamata adasankha njira yabwino. Mu masewera a masewera, achinyamata adasokonezeka kawiri, ndipo khalidwe la akulu silinasinthe. Kukhalapo kwa anzanu kumakhudza kwambiri maganizo omwe ana amachita mosasamala, ndipo chikhumbo chofuna kudziwidwa ndi chachikulu kwambiri moti chimalepheretsa kuwona mokwanira ngozi.
Choyamba chitani
Marina, wazaka 46, dzina lake Marina, anati: "Tili ndi ana awiri, akuluakulu akuphunzira ku sukuluyi, - Ine ndi mwamuna wanga tinasankha kwa nthawi yaitali kuti tidzakhala ochepa kwambiri ponena za mowa: ngati mukufuna, yesani. Kunyumba, nthawi zina amamwa mowa wa mowa, nthawi zambiri mkuluyo anapempha kugula botolo la vinyo ali pa tsiku lakubadwa kwa anyamata omwe amawadziwa bwino. Inde, sitinawapatse vodka, koma sankafuna kuyesa chinthu china cholimba. Zotsatira zake n'zakuti, mwana wamwamuna wamkulu samamwa konse, kupatulapo, nthawi zonse amakhala kumbuyo kwa gudumu, koma kamodzi kamodzi kamatidabwitsa ... Zochitika, ndikuyenera kunena, sizinali zosangalatsa kwambiri. Koma ife tinayankha mwatcheru, sitinamukwiyitse, tinamugoneka tulo ... Zoona, iye mwiniyo anachita mantha kwambiri kuti ndikuganiza, ndinakumbukira izi. " Munthu aliyense wamkulu wa khumi sakudziwa ngati mwana wake wamwa mowa. Ndi 17% okha omwe anaganiza za zomwe angachite ngati mwana wawo akuyamba kuvutika ndi mowa, koma makolo 80% angayankhe ngati mavuto otere akuwuka. Ena a ife timadziwa malire pasadakhale, fotokozani momwe tingapeŵere mavuto: "Inde, ndimvetsetsa kuti mumamwa mowa pakiyi. Koma sindikukulangizani kuti mulowerere ndi vinyo kapena china chilichonse - mutu ndi chisokonezo zimaperekedwa "; "Kufika bwino kukumbukira mapeto a kotala kufika kunyumba kwathu - m'bwalo la sukulu pali mwayi wokomana ndi aphunzitsi"; "Mukamapita kumisasa, musaiwale kuti katunduyo apite kumasangweji. Mumlengalenga muli ndi njala, ndipo zidzakhala zonyansa ngati mutangoganizira za vinyo, koma za chotukuka - ayi. " Koma ngati, ngakhale, mwana wanu wamveka moledzera kwambiri ndipo mwa mawonekedwe awa kwa nthawi yoyamba ankawoneka kuti ali pamaso panu, musawope. Anaganiza kuti akuwonetseni chuma chake - zikutanthauza kuti akukukhulupirirani ndikuwerengera kumvetsetsa kwanu ndi kuthandizira kwanu. Ambiri aife mumkhalidwe wovuta amataya mitu yawo ndi kugwera kwa mwanayo atanyozedwa. Kwa izi timakankhidwa ndi mantha, kukwiya, chifundo, kuvutika kwa banja, udindo wa makolo komanso kudzikonda kwathunthu. Zoonadi, zoyamba za makolozo ndi kufuula ("Zimakukhudzani bwanji!"), Yambani kuwerengera kapena ngakhale kukwatira. Zina zowonjezereka ndi maliro ("Ndiwe woipa bwanji"), kukangana kozungulira mwanayo ("Tiyeni tizimwa, tidye, zikhale zosavuta"), zonyansa, nthabwala, kuyesera kusangalala. Ndipo izo ndi zina zomwe zimachita ndizoopsa. Pachiyambi choyamba, timalimbitsa manyazi ndi kudzimva chisoni kwa mwanayo, amene amva kale kuti wachita zoipa. Ndipo m'chiwiri, timasonyeza mwanayo kuti khalidwe lake ndi lovomerezeka kwa ife, palibe chomwe chachitika - palibe, bizinesi ya tsiku ndi tsiku. Yesetsani kupeŵa ndemanga iliyonse, kuchita mwachidziwitso, mofatsa, mwachidwi. Lonjezerani kusamba, yambani zenera, mugone. Ngati mwana wanu amamwa kwambiri ndi anzake ali ndi zaka 14, izi sizikutanthauza kuti anayamba kumwa. Ndizoti iye ali ndi nthawi yodziwa maudindo atsopano ndi maubwenzi atsopano.
Ngati makolo ali ndi chizoloŵezi china cha khalidwe ndi ana, zidzakuthandizira pazochitika zilizonse - zikhale vodka, mankhwala, chirichonse. Ndikuganiza kuti ndilibe mantha ndi nkhani za mowa, chifukwa ana anga alibe ulesi, ndipo izi ndizofunika kwambiri. Chabwino, ngati mmodzi wa iwo akubwerera kunyumba atatha kumwa, ine ndikudzichepetsa ndikufunsa ngati iye ankakonda kuti iye amamwa, ndi kuti ndi ndani. Ndili ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, makolo nthawi zambiri amachoka panyumba madzulo - pa filimu, masewera, malo odyera. Ndipo ndinasiyidwa ndekha. Tinkakhala kumeneko ku Czechoslovakia. Mukhola la nyumba panali mabotolo ambiri okondweretsa: kachasu, vermouth, vinyo wokhala ndi mipanda yokhala ndi mipanda yolimba, makina osokoneza bongo. Ndapeza bhala ili ndipo ndinadzikonzera ndekha kuledzera kwa ana ang'onoang'ono madzulo. Ndinatsanulira whiskey kapena vermouth. Gawo losimitsa, zambiri sindinathe kumwa. Ndinamvetsera nyimbo ndikuzikonda. Zikuwoneka kuti ndinali ndi mwayi wokhala chidakwa. Koma izo zinalibe zotsatirapo kwa ine nkomwe. Mwinamwake makolo anazindikira kuti chiwerengero cha zakumwa chikuchepa, koma chidwi sichinalipidwe kwa icho, chifukwa mabotolo omwe anali mu barolo anali otsegulidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Ndikuganiza kuti chifukwa cha maphunziro ndizotheka kupereka mwana mowa tsiku lina. Momwemonso bambo anga ndili ndi zaka khumi ndi chimodzi. Cape wake anali paulendo. Kunali kutentha tsiku la chilimwe. Tinakwera pamwamba pa phiri, ndipo panali malo odyera okongola kwambiri. Ndipo ife, thukuta, okondwa, tinakhala pansi kuti tidye. Ndipo mwadzidzidzi bambo anga anandipatsa mowa. Ndinati, "Bwerani!" Anamwa mtsuko waukulu. Tinadya mokoma, tinapuma ndikupitiriza ulendo wathu. "
Kusagwirizana ndi Kudalira
Ngati mwana wabwera kunyumba ataledzera, nkofunikira kulankhula naye, ndipo makolo ayenera kuchita limodzi, atavomereza kale zochita zawo. Zokambirana zisayambe tsiku lomwelo, koma mwanayo atangokhalira kusamala. Ndichabechabe kulankhula momveka bwino ndi mwana woledzera: ngakhale mawu omveka bwino komanso omveka sangathe kumveka. Komanso kuimitsa nkhaniyi kwa nthawi yaitali sikofunikira. Tikamakokera nthawi, osayankhula kuti tilankhule za zomwe zinachitika kapena osadziwa momwe tingachitire pambuyo pake, pangakhale ngozi kuti zomwe timachita zidzatha nthawi ina - chifukwa cha katatu ngati jekete lakuda. Yambani ndi chinthu chachikulu - kuchokera pa zomwe munamva pamene mwawona mwana wanu wamwamuna kapena wamkazi: afotokozere mantha anu, chisoni, kudabwa, mkwiyo ("Pamene ndinakuonani pakhomo dzulo, ndinachita mantha, chifukwa nthawi yoyamba pamoyo wanga ndinakumverani chonyansa "). Pa nthawi yomweyi, pewani kutsutsa mawu ndi mayankho ("Munandikhumudwitsa"), kambiranani nokha. Ndiye mungathe kufunsa za zomwe zinachitika tsiku lomwelo: "Kodi mumamwa ndi chiyani?"; "Ndi ndani winanso amene anali ndi inu dzulo, amamva bwanji?"; "Kodi iwe umakonda kukoma kwa zomwe iwe umamwa?"; "Zachitika bwanji kuti simungathe kuimitsa nthawi?" Ngati mwanayo sakufuna kuyankha mafunso anu, musaumirire, ngati muwayankha, yesani. Mwachitsanzo, nenani kuti zonse zomwe zinachitika ndizochitikadi. Koma zikuwoneka kuti pamene tili ndi zaka 13, ndiyambiri kwambiri kuti tiyambe kumwa: thupi silinasinthidwe kuti likhale lolemera. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kuyankhulana ndi achinyamata pokhapokha ponena za kuledzeretsa, kumwa mowa, kuchititsa manyazi ndi mantha, sikungathandize. Mowa ndi gawo la chikhalidwe chathu, ndipo ana amawona bwino osati mavuto okha omwe munthu womwa mowa amadzipangira okha kapena ena. Amadziwa (kuchokera kwa iwo komanso kwa ena) kuti mowa umabweretsa chisangalalo: kumachepetsa mtima, kumayambitsa zosamvetseka, kumapereka chilimbikitso, kumathandizira kuyankhulana. Zimakhala zovuta kusankha mzere wa khalidwe ngati wina akumwa mowa m'banja. Pazifukwa izi, sizovuta kupeza zifukwa zomwe zidzamveka, kupatulapo, makolo omwe amakonda kumwa nthawi zambiri samamverera kuchepetsa mwanayo. Koma palinso malamulo angapo. Musalole kuti mwana akumwa ndi munthu wamkulu. Pewani makhalidwe abwino monga "Musati mutengere chitsanzo kuchokera kwa abambo anu!" - amangokhalira kuyankhulana. Fotokozerani momwe mungadziwire mowa wambiri, phunzirani kuyesa kukoma kwa vinyo, fotokozani momwe zakumwa zosiyana zimachitira thupi. " Nthawi zina zikhoza kuwoneka kuti chisankho cholondola ndicholetsedwa mwamphamvu. Njira imeneyi sagwira ntchito, ndipo nthawi zambiri idzamupangitsa mwanayo kuyesa zatsopano, zomwe adzabisala mosamala kwambiri. Koma kuti mumvetsetse momwe zinakhalira kuti mwanayo aledzera, komanso ngati akubwereza izi, ndizofunikira. Komabe, ngati banja liri ndi ubale wabwino, kuletsa kungagwire ntchito: mantha otaika chidaliro ndipo chikondi cha makolo, mwinamwake, chimupangitsa iye kuganizira za khalidwe lake. Ngati mwanayo sangathe kutaya, chifukwa makolo ake sanakhale nawo pafupi, kulekanitsa kumangowonjezera khoma la kusamvetsetsana. Chodabwitsa n'zakuti, mwinamwake pamphindi uno munthu ayenera kulingalira za kuti ubale wathu ndi mwana ukusowa kusintha chifukwa chachabe chomwe chinakula. Koma chilichonse chomwe chimachitika m'moyo wa mwana wanu, nkofunika kuti mukhalebe maziko a chiyanjano chanu - kulemekezana, kukhulupilira kapena osachepera pang'ono. Pokhapokha mwanayo adzakumvetsani ngakhale nthawi ya zochita zopanda pake komanso zovuta kwambiri.