Ke-tciap - yotchedwa marinade ya nkhono ndi nsomba. Ndiye chophikacho chinakhala chovuta kwambiri - msuzi unakonzedwa kuchokera ku anchovies, walnuts, bowa ndi nyemba zokhala ndi zonunkhira. Mu zolemba zophikira, lero mungapeze maphikidwe a "zotsitsimutsa" ketchups (maolivi kapena bowa). Ndipo komabe masiku ano ketchup nthawi zonse ndi phwetekere.
Tonse timakumbukira momwe ankakonda ketchup ya Chibugariya. Koma anthu ochepa okha amadziwa kuti tili ndi zathu, ndipo sizowopsa. Izo zinkawonekera kumadera akutali kwambiri a 1930, pamene malonda a kumalonda anali atangopangidwa, ndipo ngakhale panalibe njira yowonjezera ndi yothandiza. Choncho, poyamba, miyezo ya ku America inagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ketchup ndi zina zotetezedwa. Kuyambira mu 1939, mankhwala a phwetekere adatulutsidwa kale malinga ndi malamulo apakhomo.
Kenaka phwetekere ndi phwetekere (tomatoch "," katchop ") zimatanthauzidwa kuti" zakudya zopatsa thanzi zopangidwa kuchokera ku tomato zabwino, zonunkhira, mchere, shuga, viniga, anyezi kapena adyo, kapena popanda iwo ndipo alibe oposa tomato oposa 12%. " Mwachizoloŵezi, izi zimasonyeza choyambirira chokhazikitsidwa ndi Henry Heinz, chifukwa chinali vinyo wosasa, zonunkhira ndi zokometsera zomwe zinasandutsa phwetekere wamba kumalo otchuka otchedwa ketchup. Chinsinsichi chikugwiritsidwanso ngati chachikale.
MAFUNSO A NATIONAL KETCHUP
Kuwonjezera pa mwambo pamsika wathu lero, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pa phunziro lake. Zosakaniza, barbecue, ketchup mpiru, ketchup curry, ketchup chili, ketchup adzhika ndi ketchup mayonesi. Othandizira athu amawapanga malinga ndi maphikidwe awo. Kuwonjezera pa mpiru umodzi, tsabola kapena adzhika, nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo zamasamba (anyezi, adyo, kaloti) ndi zitsamba zouma (parsley, katsabola). Koma, kuwonjezeranso, pali zina zowonjezera mu masukisi.
Otsogolera ogwirizana. Izi ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri, lomwe limaphatikizapo kuwombera, kuzimitsa, kuzimitsa thupi. Mwa njira, mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, ntchito yawo yopanga ketchup siidaloledwa. Nkhuku zimapangitsanso msuzi, kuonjezera maonekedwe ake. Zitha kukhala zachilengedwe, monga, pectins, kapena semisynthetic. Zomalizazi ndi zofanana ndi wowuma kapena mapulogalamu ndipo nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo. Zowonjezera zowonongeka zimasinthidwa zowonjezera (musati muzisokoneze ndi zojambula zomwe zasinthidwa). Zipatso ndi masamba a purees (mwachitsanzo, apulo, maula). Zowonjezera izi zimakhudzanso mgwirizano, komanso kukoma. Komabe iwo akhoza kupatulidwa kukhala gulu losiyana, chifukwa cholinga chawo chachikulu ndi kuchepetsa kudya kwa phwetekere ndipo motero mtengo wa mankhwalawo.
Kupititsa patsogolo maonekedwe (zachilengedwe ndi zojambula mitundu). Mu phwetekere palokha palinso mitundu yambiri ya pigment, kotero palibe chofunikira kuwonjezerapo. Komabe, phwetekere msuzi ndi phwetekere nthawi zina amameta. Inde, ndi bwino ngati dawuni ndi chilengedwe - alpha, beta kapena gamma-carotene, yomwe imachokera ku kaloti.
Olamulira zakudya ndi oonetsera chakudya. Mitengo yokhala ndi zokometsera zomwe zimapangitsanso kukoma ndi zonunkhira mu ketchup sizingokhala ngati zidutswa zouma kapena zitsamba zatsopano, komanso zowonjezera, zimayika kapena mafuta ofunikira. Zakudya zakudya, zofanana ndi zachirengedwe, ndi zinthu zomwe zimapezeka ndi mankhwala ofanana, mawonekedwe ake amatha kukhala ofanana ndi achirengedwe. Koma pakhoza kukhala zowonjezera zowonjezera. Posachedwapa, ntchito zosakaniza zopangidwa ndi zonunkhira zilibe zokometsera zokoma komanso zokometsera zokometsetsa, komanso dyes.
Ndipo potsiriza, zoteteza zosiyanasiyana ndi antioxidants. Pofuna kusunga mavitamini ambiri, komanso zinthu zina zamtengo wapatali, mu ketchups, komanso mu zakudya zina zam'chitini, zakudya zowonjezera monga achule kapena benzoic zidawonjezeredwa. Amapewa kubereka mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tina toyipa. Pofuna kuteteza kukoma kwake koyambirira ndi fungo kwa nthawi yayitali, antioxidants (ascorbic acid, tocopherols ndi ena) akuwonjezeredwa kwa iwo.
Zambiri mwa zowonjezerazi zili ndi encoding yapadera mwa mawonekedwe a kalata E ndi ziwerengero zingapo. Koma ndi bwino kudziwa kuti si "E" yonse yomwe imaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku Russia, mwachitsanzo, simungakhoze kuwonjezera mazira E121 - citrus wofiira kapena E123 - amaranth.
Masamba a phwetekere ndi tomato omwe amapangidwa kunja, amakhalanso osiyana. Malamulo amalola kusintha kosangokhala kokha, koma ndi zizindikiro zowonjezera (mwachitsanzo, pa zizindikiro zofunika monga zomwe zili zowuma za phwetekere ndi zowonongeka). Choncho, Singapore imapanga ketchup ndi magawo ambiri a phwetekere wouma zinthu zosachepera 6%, ndipo ku Uruguay - kuyambira 12%. Katswiri wamakono opanga umasinthasintha: ku Bulgaria, ketchup imakonzedwa kuchokera ku phwetekere, ku Spain kuchokera ku phwetekere kapena puree, ndi tomato watsopano, ndi ku Singapore kokha kuchokera ku puree. Zomwe zili mu mchere wa tebulo mu ketchup ya Cuba siziyenera kupitirira 1,9%, ndipo kwa ena ambiri - 4%. Sintha pang'ono mu sauces zosiyana zochokera pachikhalidwe cha acidity ndi shuga wokhutira.
Zikuwoneka kuti lero palibe lingaliro limodzi la ketchup. Ndipo akatswiri ambiri amavomereza kuti chokhacho chokhacho chimamupatsa ufulu wotchedwa ketchup, komanso zakudya zambiri zamasamba (monga zidutswa kapena purees), thickeners ndi flavorings zimapangitsa ketchup kukhala msuzi wa msuzi.
ZOKHUDZA ZINTHU ZINA: KODI ZINTHU ZINTHU ZILI ZINTHU?
Kulimbikira, komwe opanga ambiri akupitiriza kutcha ketchup saucho, ndi osavuta kufotokoza: ketchup imamveka komanso yodziwika bwino. Sizongopanda kanthu kuti akatswiri amatcha mono-sausage: izo zikufanana ndi phala lotchuka la phwetekere, zokonda kwambiri kuposa izo. Koma sauces pa maziko a phwetekere ndi "chinthu-mwa-chokha". Zomwe akulembazo ndi zovuta komanso zosiyana, ndipo mayina nthawi zambiri sadziwa. Choncho, mpaka lero, msuzi amadzigulitsa amadziwika mosiyana ndi msika wa ketchup. Komabe, pang'onopang'ono zonse zimasintha. Chidwi cha zinthu zatsopano ndi kukula kwa ndalama zimatipangitsa kuti tiyandikana kwambiri ndi mafashoni a kumadzulo kwa ma sauces ovuta. Anagulidwa nthawi zambiri, ndipo tomato anagulidwa. Kotero lero, phwetekere ya phwetekere ya kampani yopanga spaghetti "Baltimore" ndi yotchuka. Ichi ndi "Salsa", ndipo "Bolognese", zosavuta "," sau "ndi" bowa "," mphodza "komanso" spaghetti ". Mwa zina zamakina otchuka - sauces "Heinz", "Calvet". Tidakondanso masukono atsopano a phwetekere a Exotini ndi Sinko Group, gulu la "sauce".
TOMATO SAUCE M'ZIKO LIMADZI
Chimene tangoyamba kudziwana kale chakhala mu miyambo yophika ya anthu osiyana. Ndipo mu zakudya zonse za dziko - zizindikiro zake. Sauce Sauce nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mtedza ndi zonunkhira, zomwe zimadya zakudya za ku Georgian (coriander, blue fenugreek). Koma ku Italy kwambiri ngati oregano ndi basil. Nthawi zambiri amawonjezereka ku masukisi, pamodzi ndi azitona, mafuta a maolivi ndi viniga wosasa. Salsa di pomodoro ya ku Italy ("salsa" yomasulira amatanthawuza "msuzi" chabe) yokonzedwa mwa kuwonjezera ku tomato zokometsera zitsamba, anyezi, adyo ndi tsabola wofiira. Zakudya za ku Mexican ndi zoopsa kuposa Italy ndi mitundu yambiri ya tsabola. Zakudya za Mexico "salsa" ndi "chili" zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma kokoma ndi astringency yapadera. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, zofanana ndi kuvina kosautsa, komwe kumatchulidwa pambuyo pake. Koma zindikirani, salsa imakonzedwa kokha kuchokera ku tomato watsopano, kuchokera ku msuzi wokazinga amatchedwa mosiyana ndipo imakhala ndi chosiyana kwambiri ndi kukoma kwake. Ndipo ku Girisi, ndizozoloŵera kusakaniza zopangira kuti kukoma kwa mbale yaikulu kusokonezedwe. Msuzi wa tomato wa Agiriki ukutembenukira mwachifundo ndipo siwong'onong'ono, chifukwa mmenemo, monga lamulo, zonunkhira zofewa zimawonjezeredwa.
Ndizosatheka kulembetsa zonse zowonjezereka kwa tomato. Kuwonjezera pa zonunkhira, particles za ndiwo zamasamba ndi bowa, zonunkhira, mafuta a masamba, masamba ena amawonjezera nyama, nyama, nkhuku. Choncho, tingathe kunena kuti phwetekere ndi phwetekere zatuluka kale m'gulu la zakudya zowonjezera mbale zomwe zimakhala zokoma komanso zosiyana.
ZINTHU ZOFUNIKA KUZIKHALA
Kodi tingauze bwanji msuzi wabwino kwa wina aliyense? Ndi zophweka! Msuzi wapamwamba uli ndi mbali zake zosiyana. Msuzi wabwino ndi msuzi wachilengedwe. Kusakhala ndi flavorings ndi mitundu yomwe imapangidwa, zomwe zikutanthauza - chilengedwe cha mtundu ndi fungo. Zosowa kapena zochepa za thickeners, mwachitsanzo chitsanzo chosinthika. Ndi bwino pamene msuzi uli mowa madzi. Kuonjezera apo, sikuyenera "kuthamanga" ndi ngozi yowonongera chilichonse. Kusagwirizana kosagwirizana (popanda magawo a khungu kapena mbewu, koma kuphatikiza kwa particles za masamba ndi zonunkhira amaloledwa). Kusamala kwa kukoma. Zithunzi zake zonse zizigwirizana. Mitundu yapadera yokhayo imaloledwa kumveketsa, zomwe ziyenera kuwonetsedwa mu dzina (mwachitsanzo, phwetekere msuzi "chili" kapena "salsa"). Umodzi. Msuzi wabwino ayenera kudziwika.
ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI
N'chifukwa chiyani timagula tomato za tomato ndi tomato? Ndi zophweka - zimakhala zokoma, kupatulapo zothandiza.
1. Zakudya zapamwamba ndi zabwino kwa thanzi. Mtundu umodzi wa zokometsera zokoma ukhoza kuyambitsa chilakolako, ndi kukoma kwake ndi fungo - makamaka. Tikayang'ana, timayambanso kuyambitsa madzi a m'mimba ndipo chakudya chimakumba mosavuta.
2. Iwo amene amakhala pa zakudya, ndizofunikira kupanga "sazotec" yanu - seti ya sauce zomwe mumakonda. Kenaka mukhoza kupanga mpunga wosalira bwino wosadziwika ndipo mosavuta kuchita popanda mankhwala "heavyweights", monga nyama yokazinga. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuti ma supu amakhalanso kuwala. Katemera wa phwetekere ndi imodzi mwa calorie yotsika kwambiri.
3. Masamba a phwetekere okonzeka akhoza kutumikiridwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo marinade. Zakudya zowonongeka mu msuzi sizingakhale zosavuta kukonzekera - n'zosavuta kukumba. Mosiyana ndi acetic marinade yosavuta komanso yosavuta, tomato amachititsa kuti mapuloteni asawonongeke, osati kuchuluka kwa acidity.
4. Zisamba sizimangokhalira kuyambitsa zakudya zina, zimakhala ndi zinthu zowonjezera. Mu tomato muli lycopene, yomwe imathandiza kumenyana ndi khansa ya prostate. Komanso, sichitha panthawi ya chithandizo cha kutentha, kutanthauza kuti mu zakudya za phwetekere (tomato phala kapena msuzi) ndizoposa tomato.
5. Zambiri zonunkhira ndi zonunkhira zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mochiritsira. Mu msuzi iwo amathandizanso kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, tsabola-chilile chimateteza kuika mafuta, ndi turmeric - mankhwala enieni a m'mimba.