Momwe mungakolole zitsamba

Kodi ndi bwino bwanji kusonkhanitsa zitsamba?

Ngakhale kuti zamoyo zimapindulitsa kwambiri, zomwe zapangitsa mankhwala kuchiza kwambiri, zomera zimapitirizabe kukhala ndi malo ofunika kwambiri m'gulu lonse la mankhwala. Komabe, mukamasonkhanitsa zitsamba mosamalitsa, muyenera kumatsatira malamulo omalizira komanso nthawi yosonkhanitsa, chifukwa panthawi inayake chomeracho chili ndi zofunikira zochiritsira, kupatulapo, zikhoza kupulumutsidwa ngati zikusungidwa bwino ndi kusungidwa.

Chiwerengero cha machitidwe olimbikitsa omwe ali mu chitsamba cha mankhwala chimasiyana pa nthawi zosiyana siyana za kukula ndi chitukuko cha wotsirizira, choncho nthawi yosonkhanitsa ya zitsamba zamankhwala imatha nthawi yake yambiri yogwira ntchito. Choncho, ngati chomera chonse chikupita kuntchito, chimasonkhanitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa maluwa; Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zomera zimasonkhananso, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mmwamba. Kusonkhanitsa masamba kumapangidwa kawirikawiri musanayambe maluwa, kupatula kwa amayi ndi abambo opeza, omwe amakololedwa mutatha maluwa. Mizu, rhizomes ndi tubers imakololedwa mu autumn, itatha kutha mu chomera kuyamwa kutuluka, kapena kumayambiriro kasupe isanayambe. Mbewu ndi zipatso - nthawi yawo yonse yosasitsa, ndi zina zosiyana. Zomwe zili m'mwambazi, makamaka maluwa, ziyenera kuchitidwa mvula itatha mame akugwa, pokhapokha pansi pa chikhalidwe ichi ndizotheka kusunga mtundu wa mbeu za mbeu ndikuziletsa kuti zisatenthedwe (mabakiteriya ndi kuwonongeka kwa fungal); zotsatira zake zomwe kawirikawiri zimatayika pa chomera chogwira ntchito.


Malamulo a kusonkhanitsa mbali iliyonse ya zomera


Impso zimakolola kumayambiriro kwa chaka, nthawi ya kutupa, masamba asanakhalepo, chifukwa masamba a mtengo wapatali samayimira masamba. Pamene kukolola pini masamba ndi iwo mpeni kudula 2-3 mm mphukira chaka chatha; Mphukira yaing'ono (mwachitsanzo, birch) imadulidwa ndi nthambi. Wouma, kufalitsa mpweya wochepa thupi, m'malo odzaza mpweya wabwino. Nthambi zouma zimapunthwa kapena impso zimadulidwa.

Makungwawo amakololedwa panthawi ya kusunthika kwachitsamba kambirimbiri kasupe, masamba asanaphuke. Pangani makina awiri a mphete ndi mpeni pa mtunda wa 20-30 masentimita, gwirizaninso ndi zojambula ziwiri zowonjezera nthawi ndi kuchotsa makungwa m'magulu monga mawonekedwe a grooves. Makungwawa amachotsedwa ku mitengo ikuluikulu ndi nthambi (buckthorn), komanso kuchokera ku mtengo wa thundu - kuchokera ku nthambi basi. Dya makungwa a dzuwa, pansi pa zingwe kapena m'madera otsekemera.

Masamba amasonkhanitsidwa pa budding, zomera, nthawi zina mu fruiting gawo. Mankhwala obiriwira otentha, omwe alibe zinthu zothandiza (amayi ndi abambo opeza) amachotsedwa, chifukwa amachititsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti ziume. Masamba ang'onoang'ono amodzi (cowberry) amadulidwa pamodzi ndi nthambi, kenako masamba amagawanika. Wouma mumthunzi pansi pa zitseko, muzipinda zokhoma, ndikuyika wosanjikiza.

Musanayambe kupita kuchipatala, muyenera kudzidziwa bwino ndi iwo, phunzirani kuzindikira mtundu wina wa zomera zomwe ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa, ndikuzisiyanitsa ndi zofanana, koma osati zokolola, mtengo wotsika kapena ngakhale poizoni. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ndi mbali ziti za mbewu zomwe zimakololedwa komanso nthawi yeniyeni, malo a kukula kwake kwakukulu, malamulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso njira yosonkhanitsira, komanso njira zoyamba kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zokolola. Makamaka n'kofunika kukumbukira zodzitetezera pamene mukusonkhanitsa zomera zakupha.

Maluwa amakololedwa nthawi yonse ya pachimake, nthawi zina mumadontho. Wouma mumthunzi, nthawi zina mu chipinda chakuda (cornflowers).

Zomera zimakololedwa nthawi yonse ya maluwa kapena budding, kudula gawo lonse lapansi pamtunda wa masamba, m'mitengo ndi zimayambira (mandimu, chingwe), masamba osiyana ndi maluwa. Wouma muzitsulo zoonda, kuimika pang'onopang'ono, kapena kuika mpweya wochepa mumthunzi. malo okwera mpweya wokwanira, mwachitsanzo mu chipinda chapamwamba.

Zipatso ndi nyemba zimakololedwa panthaŵi ya kukula msinkhu, ndipo nthawi zina zimangokhala zosapsa (galu atanyamuka) zikakhala kuti zikakhwima bwino, zipatso zimatha kapena zimakhala zofewa ndipo zimatha kusonkhanitsa. Zipatso zam'madzi zimatengedwa m'mawa kapena madzulo, monga momwe zimasonyezera kutentha kwakukulu nthawi yomweyo. Asanayambe, anawombera dzuwa kwa masiku 1-2, kenako anauma pa 70-90 ° C m'mavuni. Chonde dziwani kuti simungathe kusamba zipatso musanamwe. Asanayambe, zipangizozi zimasankhidwa, kuchotsa ziwalo zosayembekezereka za zomera zomwezo kapena zomera zina. Ikani zomera muzitsulo zochepa, kusakaniza 3-4 pa tsiku (kupatula maluwa). Zida zosafunika zikhalebe zobiriwira, zisamaume. Kuyanika kwatha pamene masamba ndi maluwa mosavuta zimakhala phulusa, zimayambira ndi khalidwe losweka, mizu imatha, koma musagwedezeke, zipatso zimagwa mu dzanja, musati mupatse makola.


Sungani ntchito!


Chomera chabwino kwambiri chosungiramo mankhwala owuma - zowonjezera mitsuko, makatoni, matumba. Matumba a nsalu si abwino - iwo amasungidwa bwino, koma amamwa chinyezi bwino. Malo osungirako ayenera kukhala owuma, owuma ndi mpweya wokwanira. Nyumbayi ndi yabwino kwambiri kukhitchini, m'dzikolo - madzi ouma. Kuzizira, sikusokoneza udzu wouma.

Zosasangalatsa zomera za mankhwala ziyenera kusungidwa mosiyana ndi zonunkhira. Zipatso zoyera zimakhala zosavuta, choncho ndi bwino kuziika pamalo ouma pamatumba a mapepala. Zipangizo zamakono ziyenera kukhala zosiyana ndi zinthu zopsereza - mafuta a palfini, naphthalene, etc. Kawirikawiri masamba osungirako, udzu ndi masamba sizidutsa zaka 1-2, ndi mizu, rhizomes, makungwa - zaka 2-3.


Nyuzipepala "Tiyeni tikhale ndi thanzi!" № 5 2008