Kubadwa kwa ana awiri kapena kuposerapo nthawi imodzi sikunzolowereka. Nthawi zambiri mimba imachitika chaka chilichonse. Mapasa ndi katatu sizimayambitsanso mphepo, monga kale. Komabe, kubadwa kwawo sikuli kumveka bwino. Kotero, kutenga mimba zambiri: mapasa, mapasa - mutu wa zokambirana lero.
Pakati pa mimba zambiri, fetusi ziwiri kapena zambiri zimachitika panthawi yomweyo. Malingana ndi chiwerengero chawo, kenako amabadwira: mapasa, katatu, nyumba ndi zina zotero. Mchitidwe wambiri woyembekezera mimba mwa munthu ndi mimba imodzi yokha. Ikhoza kuuluka kuchokera ku dzira limodzi lopangidwa ndi feteleza komanso kuchokera ku spermatozoon imodzi. Kukula mu mimba yotereyi, mapasa, monga mukudziwa, ali ofanana. Nthawi zonse amakhala amodzimodzi ndipo amakhala ndi chikhalidwe chofanana.
Mimba yambiri ingakhalenso chifukwa cha umuna wa mazira awiri osiyana ndi spermatozoa osiyana. Zotsatira zake, zibambo ziwiri zimakula, zomwe zimakhala zosiyana kapena zogonana, ndipo ma chibadwa chawo sichifanana. Komabe, iwo, monga momwe alili poyamba, amatchedwanso mapasa. Iwo ali kwa wina ndi mzake abale ndi alongo mofanana ngati abale ndi alongo ochokera mimba ziwiri zosiyana.
Mimba yambiri mu zoona ndi manambala
Zikuganiziridwa kuti feteleza kumene mapasa amabadwa ndi ngozi yangwiro. Izi sizikukhudzidwa ndi chibadwidwe kapena zinthu zina zamkati kapena zakunja. Chiwerengero chawo ndi chokhazikika ndipo pafupifupi 0,4% ya chiwerengero cha ana obadwa. Malinga ndi ochita kafukufuku ena, pa kubadwa kwa 80 kuliwonse kubadwa kwa mapasa.
Komabe, patapita zaka zambiri zafukufuku, machitidwe ena adawululidwa. Choncho, kubadwa kwa mapasa kumadalira zinthu zambiri. Chofunikira kwambiri ndi: utsogoleri, mtundu, chilengedwe, zaka za mayi ndi digiri yake yobereka, komanso mlingo wa mahomoni.
Ambiri omwe ali ndi pakati amakhala ochuluka kwambiri m'mayiko akum'maŵa, omwe ndi apamwamba kwambiri ku Africa, ndipo ambiri amakhala ku Caucasus. Ku China, chiŵerengerochi chikuchokera ku 0.33 mpaka 0.4%, ndipo kumadzulo kwa Nigeria akuyandikira 4.5%. Ku Caucasus, chiwerengero cha kubadwa kwa mapasa poyerekeza ndi chiwerengero cha kubadwa chikuchokera ku 0.9 mpaka 1.4%.
Nthawi zambiri mimba imatengera nthawi ya mayi. Ochepa kwambiri (0.3%) amapezeka mwa amayi a zaka zoposa 20 ndi zoposa 40, ndipo apamwamba kwambiri (1.2-1.8%) ali ndi zaka 31-39. Kukhalapo kwa kubadwa kwa mapasa kumapitanso patsogolo ndi chiwerengero cha kubadwa. Zinaoneka kuti kuthekera kwa kutenga mimba zambiri kumakhala kovuta kwambiri patsiku lachitatu kapena pambuyo pake.
Amayi amapasa nthawi zambiri amakhala osakwatiwa, amayi omwe ali ndi kulemera kwakukulu, komanso omwe achedwa mofulumira. Kupanga mimba yambiri kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Nthaŵi zambiri, mapasa amabadwa kuchokera mimba yomwe inayamba m'miyezi ya chilimwe. Zimadalanso ndi mwezi wa kubadwa kwa amayi - pakati pa amayi obadwa kuyambira nthawi ya January mpaka May, kawirikawiri pali mimba yambiri.
Kawirikawiri, amakhulupirira kuti kutenga mimba zambiri kumabwereza. Ankaganiza kuti pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa mapasa kuti pangakhale mimba yambiri imakhala ikuwonjezeka ndi 3-10 nthawi! Palinso mwayi woti munthu adzalandire cholowa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali mwayi wambiri wobereka mapasa mwa omwe mabanja awo amakhala ndi mimba zambiri.
Kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha mimba zambiri zakubadwa padziko lapansi. Zomwe zimayambitsa zochitikazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhala njira yowonjezera komanso yogwiritsira ntchito njira zodzipangira mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Njira zowonjezeretsa kubereka zinayambitsa mkhalidwe umene mayiko otukuka adachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mapasa ndi 50%. Zonsezi ndi zotsatira za thandizo lachipatala.
Zoopsa za Mimba Yambiri
Odnoyaytsovye mapasa nthawi zambiri amakhala ofooka, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto lobadwa komanso nthawi zambiri amafa m'mimba kuposa minofu. Zinthu zovuta zowonjezera intrauterine, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, mitsempha yambiri ya umbilical, komanso chiwerengero chachikulu cha kubadwa msinkhu kumakhala koipitsa kwambiri kuwerengeka kwa mimba yambiri.
Kafukufuku wamagulu amasonyeza kuti pali ziphuphu zosayembekezereka (mitsempha yambiri), makamaka m'mapasa ofanana. Mafakitalewa angayambitse kuikidwa magazi, kumene kumabweretsa kulemala kapena kufa kwa mwana.
Zipatso zambiri mu chiberekero, kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa magazi, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kutupa, kukula kwa mtima, chiwindi, impso. Chifukwa chake, polyhydramnios ikhoza kukula. Kukula kwa msinkhu kumachepa, kumakhala kochepa, kukula kwake kumasiya. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa magazi, kuchepa kwa magazi, kuchepa kwa madzi. Pachifukwa ichi, zonsezi zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri. Kusemphana ndi kusakaza kwa placental kungayambitse kuwonongeka kapena kuwonongeka kwa zakudya zopatsa mwana (chimodzi kapena zonse).
Zovuta za mayi
Gestosis ndi eclampsia zimachitika kawiri kawiri ndi mimba zambiri kusiyana ndi kukhala ndi pakati. Pa ma 75%, mimba zambiri zimatha msanga. Chikhalidwe cha systolic cha chiberekero ndi chofooka ndi chosakanikirana. Placenta previa n'zotheka kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, kukula kwa placenta ndi mimba zambiri kumakhala kwakukulu kusiyana ndi mimba yoyenera. Izi zimayambitsa ngozi ya kutuluka m'magazi ndi kugwidwa. Chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa amniotic nembanemba ya fetus yoyamba kapena kupweteka kwakukulu kwa chiberekero pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa mapasa oyambirira, chitetezo choyambirira cha placenta kawirikawiri chimapezeka. Chiberekero chimakhala chopweteka kwambiri panthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba, nthawi zambiri osakhoza kulemba mgwirizano pakatha kubereka. Ndipo ngakhale kuti postpartum atony ndi chinthu chofala, ndi kutenga mimba zambiri zingayambitse magazi ochuluka.
Zovuta za fetus (chimodzi kapena zingapo)
Matenda opatsirana amapezeka nthawi zambiri kusiyana ndi kukhala ndi pakati. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa ubongo, matenda odwala kapena zobvuta zapakati. Kuopsa kwa mitsempha ya umbilical kumakhala koopsa kwambiri pa nkhani ya mapiko a mononuclear ndi amniotic cavity. Pafupifupi mapasa awiri ndi mapasa a odnoyaytsovyh amamwalira panthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba ndipo nthawi yomweyo asanabadwe. Kuopsa kwa mwana wakhanda kumakhala kwakukulu, poyerekeza ndi chiwerengero chawo chonse.
Mavuto a chilengedwe ndi omwe amachititsa kuti mwana asamwalire mimba zambiri. Kubadwa mwamsanga kwa mwezi umodzi isanathe nthawiyo ndi zotsatira za kutuluka msanga kwa mwana kuchokera kwa amniotic fluid ndi ntchito yam'mbuyo yam'chiberekero ya chiberekero.
Zomwe zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa imfa ndi zoberekera zimadalira malo awo. Izi zimakhudza kufalikira kwa magazi ndi chiopsezo chochita opaleshoni. Kutuluka kwa umbilical chingwe kumachitika pa mimba yambiri mimba mobwerezabwereza kuposa momwe zimakhalira. Choyambitsa kutha kwa kupuma ndi kufa kwa mwana wosabadwa kungakhale, mwachitsanzo, kumangiriza mutu wake molakwika asanabereke. Chinthu chapadera ndi chomwe chimatchedwa mavuto a mapasa a Siamese, momwe kubadwa mwachirengedwe sikungatheke.
Matenda a Postpartum - kupulumuka kwa ana akhanda pakakhala ndi mimba zambiri kumadalira zovuta zomwe zimakhala zovuta komanso chikhalidwe cha mwana, kuyang'anira mwana wakhanda komanso zinthu zina zambiri.
Kodi mwayi ndi wotani?
Chotsatira chachikulu ndi pamene ziwombankhanga zonse ziri mu "mutu", pomwe kubadwa kumatha kuchitika mwachibadwa.
Matenda a amayi m'mimba yambiri amakhala oposa 4-8 kuposa nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati. Kufa kwa amayi amakula kokha. Ngati mwanayo wabadwa ali wamoyo, ndondomeko yabwino kwambiri yopulumutsira ndi nthawi yachangu. Kawirikawiri, zizindikiro za mapasa kapena triplets zopitirira 2500 g ndizoposa zipatso zosabala zofanana. Izi zimatsatira chifukwa chakuti zipatso za mimba zambiri zimakula kwambiri.
Wachiwiri wa mapasawo, monga lamulo, ali pangozi yaikulu kuposa yoyamba. Nthawi zambiri imakhala yaying'ono kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi matenda a mtima komanso mavulala omwe amachititsa kuti ziwonongeke.
Zomwezo kapena ayi?
Ndi mimba zambiri, mapasa, mapasa, triplets ndi zina zotero zingakhale zovuta kusiyanitsa. Nthawi zambiri makolo amakhala ndi mapasa omwe sangathe kusiyanitsa ana awo. Pankhani ya kubadwa kwa mapasa, pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya makolo amadziwa kuti sangathe kutchula mwana dzina lake, popeza asokoneza yemwe ali.
Kufanana kwa mapasa chifukwa cha kulankhulana kwapafupi nthawi zina kumayambitsa zovuta zambiri zamkati zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kusamvetsetsa kwathunthu. Mark Twain m'buku lake lofotokoza za mbiri yake amanena kuti atatayika mbale wake wamphongo, nthawi zambiri ankamuzunza ndi funso lakuti: "Ndani wa ife ali moyo: iye kapena ine."
Mapasa a Siamese
Mapasa a Siamese, ngakhale m'nthawi yathu ino, akadakali chinthu chosayembekezereka. Chifukwa chachidziwikire, zibulu ziwiri zimakula pamodzi ngakhale asanabadwe ndi ziwalo zosiyana za thupi. Gawo loyamba la mapasa a Siamese linapambidwa ku Thailand mu 1951 ndipo opaleshoniyi inkachitika pamene mapasa anali ndi zaka ziwiri. Dziko la Thailand linkadziwika kuti Siam. Kotero mapasa amenewo, ankakondana wina ndi mzake, ndipo anayamba kutchedwa "Siamese." Masiku ano, pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zogwiritsira ntchito, zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ziwalo ndi ziwalo zimakhala zofala m'mapasa, komanso zimagwirizanitsa kwambiri pakati pawo. Nthawi zina, mwachisangalalo, mapasa a Siamu akhoza kugawa. Komabe, mankhwala amadziwabe pang'ono za zodabwitsazi.