Kodi mukufuna kuti makolo amve bwanji kuchokera kwa "mayi" wokondedwa komanso "abambo" awo okondedwa! Koma kuti iye akuphwanyidwa ndi mawu ndi mawu, ngakhale ngati omwe ali pafupi kwambiri amamvetsa iwo.
"Mapazi aatali"
Pofuna kuti mwanayo apindule bwino, madokotala amagawaniza chaka choyamba cha moyo m'zinthu zinayi: kuyambira kubadwa mpaka miyezi itatu, kuyambira 4 mpaka 6, kuchokera pa 7 mpaka 9, ndi miyezi khumi kufikira chaka. Kuchokera pakuwona za kukula kwa mau, awiri oyambirira akukonzekera: panthawi ino, kuyankhulana ndi munthu wamkulu kumawonekera. Pachifukwa ichi, kuyankhulana kwa kulankhula kudzakula m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yotsatira.
Miyezi itatu yoyamba
Mwamsanga atangobereka, mwanayo sangathe kulankhulana ndi kulakalaka kulankhula. Komabe, amayamba kumvetsera mwachidwi nthawi yodyetsa ndi kugalamuka kwa mawu amtendere a mayi anga. Mmenemo, pakuyang'ana koyamba, kulankhulana kosagwirizana, mphamvu zamatsenga za kugonana kwa mwana ndi mwana zimakhalapo kale.
Pakutha mwezi woyamba wa moyo, mwanayo amayamba kugwira nkhope ya mayi ake kwa kanthaŵi kochepa. Mu miyezi 1-2 akuyankha ndi kumwetulira kuti alankhule ndi iye ndikuyang'ana chidole choyendayenda, akumvetsera mawu ake kapena mawu a munthu wamkulu.
Mu miyezi 1-1.5 mwanayo "akuwonetsa" ndi mawu ake. Ngati ndi phokoso yoyambirira anali mwadzidzidzi, m'phuno (chinachake chonga "Maf", "gii"), panopa m'malo mwa achezera nyimbo zokoma ndi "Ha-aha", "o-oh-oh." Machitidwe awa amatchedwa kuyenda.
Mu miyezi 2-3, munthu wamng'onoyo akuwonekera ndipo akusonyeza kufunika koyankhulana: Panthawi yolumikizana ndi munthu wamkulu, amamenyana ndi miyendo, amamwetulira, amawomba. Zomwe zimagwira ntchito pamagetsi ndi zomwe zimatchulidwa mumatchulidwe zimatchedwa "zokonzanso zovuta." Kukhalapo kwake ndi chizindikiro chabwino: ndi chitukuko cha mwanayo, zonse ziri mu dongosolo!
Miyezi itatu kapena isanu ndi umodzi
Mwanayo amasangalatsa banja lake tsiku ndi tsiku ndi zokwaniritsa zatsopano: amaseka mokweza pa kulankhulana, nthawi zambiri amamwetulira, amatembenuza mutu wake kuti amvetsetse ndipo amapeza ndi maso ake, amazindikira amayi ake. Ndipo komabe, kwa nthawi yayitali akuimba: "al-le-e-ly-ay-ay" ... Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupiwa amatchedwa chitoliro.
Pakadutsa miyezi inayi: mwana amachoka pamagwiritsidwe ntchito pa ma voliyumu pamatchulidwe omveka omwe ali ndi mawu omveka achisoni komanso osamva. Poyamba izi ndizosiyana chabe: "ba", "ma", koma amawerezedwa mobwerezabwereza: "ma-ma", "ma-ma-ma", "ba-ba", "ba-ba-ba".
Lepet siwonetseratu zokhazokha za mwanayo (iye ndi wotetezeka, amadyetsedwa, wouma komanso wotenthedwa), izi ndikuphunzitsanso zipangizo zamagetsi, zowonjezera komanso zowonjezera. Choncho kubble iyenera kusungidwa ndi kuphunzitsidwa, kuphunzitsa mwanayo kuti azitsanzira zosiyana ndi zomveka bwino. "Phunziro la kubisala" ndi bwino kupatula ola limodzi mwana atadzuka.
Pa miyezi isanu mwanayo amazindikira liwu la wokondedwa, amatha kuzindikira malingaliro achikondi ndi ovuta, nkhope ya munthu wamkulu komanso wosadziwika.
Pakadutsa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, mwanayo amayamba kuchitidwa ndi dzina lake. Kuphatikiza pa zilankhulo zoyankhulirana, akuphatikizapo kumwetulira, zozizwitsa zowonongeka-zosangalatsa kapena zosavuta, mwinamwake zokwiya. Choncho, mwanayo "amayankhula" mwachangu ndipo mwiniwakeyo amafunsa "osonkhana".
Miyezi 6 mpaka 9
Dziko la mwanayo likuwonjezeka kwambiri: mwayi wake wozindikira ndi ubale ndi achibale ake umapindula, ndipo kayendetsedwe kayekha ndi zochita zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Tsopano munthu wamkulu angamuuze mwana za zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa. Komabe, n'zosatheka kuchita izi m'chilankhulo cha maganizo, chitukuko cha njira yatsopano yolankhulirana-kulankhula n'kofunika. Kulankhulana kwakulankhulana sikungotchulidwa ndi mwana wamagulu, mawu, mawu oyambirira, komanso kumvetsetsa mawu omwe adalankhula kwa iye.
Pamene akulankhula ndi mwana, munthu wamkulu akuyenera kutchula zinthuzo ndikumukopa kuti: "Pano pali chikho," "Tengani chikho," "Tengani supuni, tidye," ndi zina. Mawu atsopano ayenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi mau, pumani ndi kubwereza zomwezo kangapo.
Pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri mwanayo, akumva bwino mawu akuti: "Bunkho ili kuti?", "Chikho chiri kuti?" - ayamba kuyang'ana chinthucho ndi maso ake. Ndili ndi miyezi isanu ndi itatu, pempho la munthu wamkulu, amachititsa ntchito zomwe amaphunzira, mwachitsanzo: "Ndipatseni cholembera", "ladushki", "chabwino", ndi zina zotero. Pa miyezi 9 amadziwa bwino dzina lake ndikuyitana.
Miyezi 8,5-9,5 mwana samangobwereza zida zodziwika bwino komanso zachilendo kwa akulu, koma amayesetsanso kutsanzira malingaliro awo. Iye akhoza kupitiriza mobwerezabwereza mobwerezabwereza mawu, syllable.
Kuyambira pa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri kufikira chaka
Nthawi imeneyi ndi sukulu yeniyeni yolankhulirana. Kuchokera pa miyezi 9 mpaka 10 mwanayo akhoza kubwereza kwa akulu akulu onse atsopano. Ali ndi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri, amaphunzira, atapempha munthu wamkulu, kuti amupeze ndi kumupatsa zinthu zodziwika bwino, amasangalala ndi "Soroka-Beloboku", "Ladushki".
Zizindikiro zomwe zimaphatikizidwa pamutu wa mwana, pamwezi 10-11, zikhale mbali ya mawu akuti "ma-ma-ma" - "mayi", "ba-ba-ba" - "bambo", "yes-da-da" . Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba cha moyo, mwanayo akubwereza munthu wamkulu ndipo mwiniwakeyo amatchula mawu 5-10.
Mawu awa ndi ophweka komabe, koma amatanthauza kale malingaliro ena: amayi, abambo, amai, ks-ks, am-am, etc. Ndikofunika kuti akuluakulu atsatire mawu ophweka ndi mayina omveka bwino. Mwachitsanzo, posonyeza galu, muyenera kunena kuti: "Galu, av-av" kapena "Machine, bi-bi."
Kuti muyanjanitse bwino pakati pa mawu ndi phunziroli, nkofunikira kuti muzitsatira zomwe mwachitazo ndikulankhula. Mwachitsanzo, kuti muwonetse mwanayo pa kuvala, kutsuka, kudyetsa zinthu zoyenera ndi zochita. Mungayesere kugwiritsa ntchito mawu ake kutsogolera ntchito zake: pemphani kuti abweretse kapena kutenga chidole kumalo. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mwanayo azitha kuchita bwino kwa mawu oti "osati" kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba cha moyo: simungathe kutenga mpeni, kukhudza otentha, ndi zina zotero.
Njira ya chitukuko cha kulankhula kwa ana ndi yovuta. Koma thandizo lanu ndi chikhulupiriro chanu kuti mwana apambane bwino zimamuthandiza kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba cha moyo kuti anene zomwe mukufuna ndi mawu ofunika kwambiri, "Amayi!"
OLGA STEPANOVA, wothandizira kulankhula, Cand. ped. sayansi
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