Chilimwe ndi kumayambiriro kwa autumn ndi nthawi yopumula ndi ana. Zimasangalatsa bwanji kusambira m'nyanjayi kapena m'nyanja, kumanga nsanja ya mchenga, ndi chilakolako chodya peyala yowutsa madzi m'nyanja. Koma ngati kutentha kwa mwana kumatuluka m'nyengo yozizira, kutsegula m'mimba kumayambira, kugwedezeka ndi kusanza, ndiye makolo ake amawopsya: chinachitika ndi chiani? Zikuwoneka kuti choonadi chophweka chinangoiwalika ndipo matenda opatsirana m'mimba (OCI) anayamba. OCI ndi chiyani? Mwachidule, izi ndi matenda omwe amabakiteriya, mavairasi ndi ma protozoa omwe angatenge kulikonse. Kodi matenda oopsa kwambiri kwa mwanayo ndi ati?
DIZENTERIA
Matenda opweteka a m'mimba mwa ana amatchedwa matenda a manja onyenga, koma n'zotheka kutenga kachilombo ka mankhwala omwe E. coli wagwa. Ntchentche zimakhala otenga kachilombo ka HIV. Monga lamulo, matendawa amayamba mofulumira. Kutentha kukukwera kufika 38-40 0 , kusintha kwa chinyumba: poyamba kumakhala kawirikawiri, kochuluka, madzi, ndiye ndi ntchentche ndi magazi. Chizindikiro cha kamwazi ndi chomwe chimatchedwa tenesmus: mwanayo akufuna "kupita kutali", koma palibe chimene chimachitika. Ndi matenda ochepa komanso oopsa, mwana sangathe kutsika kuchokera mu mphika kwa maola ambiri, pamakhala ululu waukulu, makamaka pa nthawi yachisokonezo. Matenda owopsa kwambiri amapezeka m'mabanja, nthawi zambiri amatenga mkhalidwe wofanana ndi mawonekedwe: Pambuyo pa kusintha kwakukulu, kubwereranso kumachitika ndi matenda aakulu, matenda ena achiwiri, mwachitsanzo, chibayo, otitis, ndi zina. Ndibwino kuti muzitha kuchiza mwana wamatenda osati kunyumba, koma kuchipatala .
SALMONELLOSE
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri m'mimba za m'mimba: salmonella ndi yamphamvu kwambiri - imatsutsana ndi kutentha, kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali m'madzi, nthaka, fumbi la nyumba, kuchuluka mofulumira mu zakudya (nyama, msuzi, mazira). Chithunzi cha matendawa ndi chosiyana kwambiri - chimadalira zaka, umoyo wathanzi wa mwana, ndi zina zotero. Komabe, pali zizindikiro zambiri: malungo amodzi, nthawi zambiri, madzi, lilime lachilendo limaphimbidwa ndi zokutira, chiwindi ndi nthenda nthawi zambiri zimakula. Mwana wamng'ono, amalekerera kwambiri matendawa. Ngati simukuyambitsa chithandizo pa nthawi, mavuto aakulu angathe kukula, ngakhale kumayendedwe. Mwamwayi, mankhwala ophera antibacterial a m'badwo watsopano amalola kuti "asunge" salmonella mu mawonekedwe ofatsa.
Mapapu a Staphylococcus
Ndipo pamasiku otentha a chilimwe ndi m'nyengo yozizira amangofulumira kuchulukitsa mu zokwawa, zokometsera, mkaka. Mawere akhoza kutenga kachilombo ngakhale mkaka wa mayi. Matenda amatha kupatsirana ndi njira zapakhomo - poyankhulana ndi odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka mpweya, kapweya kapena khungu (kuthamanga kwa mkono kumatha kukhala otentha ndi staphylococci - kungokwanira kusewera tepi zomwezo). Zakudya zomwe zimayambitsa matenda oopsa zimapezeka maola 3-5 mwana atadya chakudya chodetsedwa. Zizindikiro zoyamba ndi ululu woopsa m'mimba, kusanza kosayenera, kutentha thupi kwambiri. Matendawa amakhala aakulu, mpaka kuoneka kwa kugwa ndi kutaya. Madziwo amayamba nthawi yomweyo kapena pambuyo pa maola angapo. Koma patapita tsiku limodzi kapena awiri, boma la thanzi limakhala lokhutiritsa, ndipo kumapeto kwa sabata mpando uli wokhazikika. Koma kwa ana aang'ono, matendawa ndi osiyana kwambiri, omwe amachititsa otchedwa staphylococcal enteritis kapena enterocolitis.
Ndipo ndondomekoyi ikhoza kupita padera, koma m'matumbo, ndipo ikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi ziwalo zina. Pachiyambi choyamba, mwanayo amatha kulekerera mosavuta matendawa: kutentha kumatuluka pang'ono, kutentha kwa thupi kumakhala kosagwirizana (3-4 nthawi patsiku), ngakhale chilakolako chimachepa, ndipo nthawi zina kumasanza kapena kubwezeretsedwa. Koma choopsa ndi chakuti njira yotupa yotereyi imatha kubwereka kwa milungu ndi miyezi, makamaka ngati matendawa sali olakwika ndipo palibe chithandizo choyenera chomwe chimaperekedwa nthawi. Matendawa ndi ovuta kwambiri, ndipo matendawa ndi ovuta kwambiri: kutentha kumatha kufika 40 °, pali kutsegula m'mimba, mpando - tsiku ndi tsiku, madzi, fetid. Mofananamo, matenda ena amatha kupweteka, mwachitsanzo, kutulutsa mauthenga, chibayo, ndi zina zotero. Ndipo mwanayo amafunikira kwambiri kuchipatala.
KOLI-KUCHOKERA
Anthu ambiri sanamvepo za izo. Ndipotu, iyi ndi magulu opatsirana omwe amachititsa kuti E. coli tizilombo toopsa. Zoizoni ndi kuyambitsa njira yotupa. Kawirikawiri, matendawa amapezeka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mkaka ndi mkaka. Ana okalamba akhoza kutenga kachilombo kakusamba m'madzi (imapitirira m'madzi mpaka miyezi 3-4). Chiyambi cha matendawa chimayamba pang'onopang'ono kapena mofulumira. Kutentha sikungayambe, koma kwa ana ena nthawi yomweyo amalumphira ku 38 0 . Chizindikiro chodziwika ndi matenda a colic ndi kawirikawiri, kusanza kosalekeza, kupweteka, kupweteka kwa m'mimba. Mpando umakhala mobwerezabwereza, umakhala madzi, madzi, chikasu-lalanje mtundu, ndi zipsera zosagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri monga dzira lodulidwa. Mitundu yoopsa ya matendawa ndi zizindikiro za kuledzera: malungo, nthawi zambiri - kutupa mkodzo ndi biliary ndi ziwalo zina. Mu mitundu yofatsa, matendawa amatha miyezi iwiri.
MMENE MUNGATHANDIZE
Kodi dokotala akuitana mwana wodwala? Koma ayenera kuyembekezera kufikira atabwera. Makolo ayenera kudziwa kuti m'matenda ovuta m'mimba mwa ana, mankhwala ayenera kuyamba mwamsanga. Chifukwa chachikulu cha kukula kwa matenda aakulu ndi kutaya thupi kwa thupi, komwe kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi malo osasunthika ndi kusanza. Choncho, mwamsanga, nkofunika kudzaza vutoli ndi madzi. Chifukwa cha ichi, mwana amapatsidwa njira zamchere zamchere (mwachitsanzo, regidron), zomwe zimabwezeretsanso mchere wa madzi wosokonezeka ndi kuonetsetsa kuti maselo amatha. Mlingo wa madzi pa ora umaperekedwa kwa mwanayo mphindi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi supuni ya tiyipioni. Musayese kuti muwonjezere mlingo - kuchuluka kwamadzi kumayambitsa kusanza kwatsopano. Yankho liyenera kukhala limodzi ndi tiyi kapena madzi owiritsa. Kukonzekera kuchiza matenda opweteka m'mimba kumasankhidwa ndi dokotala yekha. Ndi mtundu wofatsa wa matendawa, akhoza kupereka kulandira mabakiteriophages, ma probiotics kapena mavitamini, koma ngati palibe kusintha kwakukulu kumachitika masiku awiri, mankhwala oletsa maantibayotiki ndi ofunikira. Mwachidule sizingatheke "kulamula" mankhwala opha tizilombo! Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza kungawononge mkhalidwe wa wodwalawo, kuchititsa chitukuko cha dysbiosis, ndi kuchiritsa mwanayo kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Mofananamo ndi mankhwala osankhidwa ndi dokotala kuti athe kuchiritsira OCD, akhoza kupereka zina, mwachitsanzo, njira ya vitamini kuti athe kulimbitsa chitetezo cha thupi kapena fermentotherapy kukonza ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito chakudya ndi kutsegula m'mimba. Pambuyo pa chithandizo cha mankhwala, m'pofunika kuti muzipititsa mobwerezabwereza kusakaniza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mwana ayenera kutsatira chakudya cha dokotala chomwe chimaperekedwa kwa mwezi umodzi.
Kudyanso kumachiritsidwa
Zakudya ndizofunika kwambiri pochiza matenda opatsirana m'mimba mwa ana. Pamene akuyamwitsa mwana wakhanda, amayi ayenera kudyetsa kawirikawiri, koma m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Pa tsiku loyamba lachidziwitso, mkaka umodzi wokha umachepetsedwa ndi theka, ndipo chiwerengero cha kudyetsa kwawonjezeka kufika 8 patsiku. Pambuyo pa tsiku lachiwiri, bukuli likhoza kuwonjezeka ndi 20-30 ml ndipo pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi pakati pa kudyetsa. Kuchokera pamenyu ya ana omwe ali podyetsa, musamamwe kusakaniza mkaka ndi timadziti, ndipo zakudya zatsopano zimangotengedwa pambuyo pa masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri (14-14) pambuyo pochira. Ana okalamba panthawi ya matenda sayenera kupatsidwa zakudya zomwe zimapangitsa m'mimba kukhala ndi thupi (mikate yakuda, mabisiki, mabasi ofewa), yogurts, mapira, mkaka, zipatso za citrus, mapeyala. Zida zowonongeka nthawi zambiri zimakhala zogwiritsidwa ntchito ku sitima yokhazikika, ndiye kuti zakudyazo zikhoza kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. Koma mwatcheru - thupi lidali lofooka, sikuyenera kulemetsa. Bwino mu nkhaniyi, kuchepetsa pang'ono kuposa kupitirira.