Erythrocytes
Erythrocytes ndi maselo ofiira a magazi, omwe, chifukwa cha zomwe zili, mwa iwo mapuloteni apadera - hemoglobini, amachititsa thupi lonse ntchito zitatu zofunika: kayendetsedwe, kayendedwe ndi chitetezo.
Pali zikhalidwe zina za erythrocyte m'magazi kwa amuna (4,0-5,01012 / l) komanso kwa akazi (3,9-4,7 / l). Izi zimapangidwe ndi kuyesa magazi. Kusiyanitsa kuli kotheka kumbali zonse ziwiri.
Momwe magazi amakhalira
Magazi ndi chimbudzi chamadzimadzi chomwe chimagwira ntchito zamagetsi ndi zoyendetsa thupi.
Mitundu ingapo ikugwira nawo ntchito izi:
mphesa yofiira;
malonda;
chithunzithunzi;
chiwindi, chiwindi ndi impso. Chozizwitsa chachikulu cha hematopoiesis (hemopoiesis) chimapezeka mumtambo wofiira: ndi apo kuti maselo apadera amatchedwa selo limodzi la polypotent (stpotent stem cell cell). Zonse "njuchi zogwira ntchito" m'magazi athu - mbali yaikulu, yomwe ili, maselo ake ofiira: maselo ofiira a magazi, leukocyte, mapulateletti, amachokera mmenemo. Kuzungulira kwa maselo a maselo osiyanasiyana kumachokera pa 1C mpaka masiku 120. Pambuyo pa nthawiyi, maselo omwe akwaniritsa ntchito yawo ayenera kusankhidwa ndi kuchotsedwa m'thupi. Izi zimachita ndi "mafayilo" apadera - nthenda, chiwindi ndi impso. M'malo mwa "omenyera" apuma pantchito nthawi yomweyo alowetsani atsopano. Ndipo kotero moyo wanga wonse.
Kuteteza
Khalani nawo pa chitetezo chodziwika komanso chosasamala.
Erythrocytosis
Izi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha maselo ofiira m'magazi pamtundu umodzi wa magazi, mbali yaikulu ya magazi. Erythrocytosis sikokwanira (kawirikawiri ndi chizindikiro cha matenda ena). Zowonjezeka kwambiri ndi izi:
primary erythrocytosis (zoona polycythemia);
yachiwiri erythrocytosis.
Zomwe zikuchitika: "pamwamba-pamwamba" erythrocytosis (chilengedwe chakuthupi cha maselo ofiira a m'magazi pamene ali pamwamba);
mitundu ina ya kuledzera kwa thupi;
matenda a mtima;
chotupa chachikulu (impso);
matenda osokoneza bongo;
Matenda a m'mimba, erythropenia ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.
Izi ndi kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha maselo ofiira a magazi. Erythropenia, monga lamulo, ndi chizindikiro cha matenda ambiri a magazi - kuperewera kwa magazi m'thupi.
Izi zimachepa m'magazi - mbali yaikulu ya hemoglobini (yomwe imakhala ya 130-160 g / l kwa amuna ndi 120-150 g / l ya akazi), omwe nthawi zambiri mlingo wa maselo ofiira amachepetsanso.
Zifukwa za kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi:
Kutaya magazi (ndi kuvulala, zilonda, matenda akuluakulu, kusamba kwambiri);
kusokonezeka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi kapena ntchito ya gland endocrine;
mimba;
kutentha kwa thupi kwa ziwalo za hematopoiesis (mwachitsanzo, kwa ana a chaka choyamba cha moyo), ndi zina zotero.
Pa mtima wa anemias ambiri ndi kuphwanya "kupanga" kwa hemoglobini. Pofuna kuzipanga mosavuta komanso moyenera, thupi lathu limafuna: iron, mapuloteni, vitamini B6, vitamini B12 ndi vitamini B7 (folic acid). Kupanda imodzi mwa iwo kumachepetsa kuchepa kwa hemoglobin. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi phokoso la khungu komanso chilema chachikulu. Ngati simukupita kwa dokotala nthawi, mukhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zoopsa kwambiri:
kudzikuza kumapeto;
kuchepetsa chilakolako;
kutsekula m'mimba kapena kudzimbidwa;
khungu louma, misomali yowopsya, kufooka ndi kutaya tsitsi;
Kugunda m'makona a mkamwa kapena stomatitis;
kupuma pang'ono, tachycardia, kung'ung'udza kwa madzi.
Ngati vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi, chimfine chikhoza kuchitika kawirikawiri, pangakhale kulawa ndi zolakwika (mukufuna kutafuna choko kapena mapayala, idyani zakudya zakuda - mbatata, nyama, mtanda kapena tirigu, muzipaka fungo - mapepala, acetone, varnish).
Chochita
Njira yowonongeka kwambiri ya kuchepa kwa magazi ndiyo kusowa kwa chitsulo. Ngati zidziwika, choyamba ndizofunika kukhazikitsa zakudya zoyenera ndi boma.
Maphikidwe a anthu ochokera ku magazi
3 maapulo osadulidwa kudula, kutsanulira 1 lita imodzi ya madzi owiritsa, wiritsani mphindi 10. pa moto wochepa, amaumiriza theka la ora ndikuwonjezera uchi. Galasi 1 2-3 pa tsiku
300 g wa adyo kudutsa nyama yopukusira nyama, kutsanulira 1 lita imodzi ya mowa, ikhale ndi masabata awiri ndi kutenga madontho 20 mu mkaka katatu patsiku. Mmawa ndi madzulo wodwala bwino (kupewa kununkhiza) pamimba yopanda kanthu kwa 4-5 tiyi tating'ono ta adyo;
Mndandanda wa zinthu zomwe zakudyazo ziyenera kukhala ndizambiri. Izi ndi mapuloteni (veal), ndi tirigu (oatmeal-oatmeal, buckwheat, mapira, oatmeal, nyemba), ndi masamba (masamba a parsley, sipinachi, katsabola, kaloti, beets, tomato, parsley), ndi zipatso (citrus, blackcurrant , yamapichesi, apricots, chitumbuwa plums, mapeyala, maapulo), ndi zipatso zouma (zouma apricots, zoumba, masiku). Mkate umathandizanso kuchokera ku ufa wokwanira, uchi ndi amondi. Ngati thupi liri ndi vuto lalikulu lachitsulo, chigogomeko chili bwino pa zogwiritsira ntchito nyama: zili ndi mawonekedwe ake otchedwa heme (iron, pamodzi ndi mapuloteni). Muyenera kulingalira za kugwirizana kwa mankhwala. Choncho, zimadziwika kuti zina mwazo zimasokoneza maonekedwe a chitsulo (tiyi, chinangwa, mafuta, mkaka ndi ufa pamodzi ndi nyama), pamene ena amathandiza (lalanje ndi madzi a zipatso, broccoli).
... Kapena mapiritsi a masana?
Chakudya choyenera choyenera kuchepetsa magazi m'thupi ndi chofunika kwambiri. Ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi njira yothandizira zitsulo. Mankhwala ayenera kutengedwa pokhapokha ngati adokotala akuyang'aniridwa ndi kuyang'aniridwa pambuyo pa kuyesedwa koyambirira (kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa kafukufuku: kuyezetsa magazi, serum iron, ferritin, transferrin).
Leukocytes
Maselo oyera amagazi oyera omwe amagawidwa mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana:
Granoisocytes (granular); neutrophils; eosinophils; basophils.
Agranooocytes (osadulidwa); mapuloteni; monocytes.
Cholinga chenicheni cha leukocyte ndikutenga mbali zosiyanasiyana za chitetezo cha thupi ku zowononga zoipa (chitetezo cha mthupi, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, complement system, etc.). Kuwonjezera pa erythrocytes, ma lekocytes ali ndi zikhalidwe zina za magazi (4,0 - 9,0109 / l). Popeza kuti leukocyte imakhudzidwa ndi chitetezo cha thupi, kusowa kwawo kumachepetsanso kulimbana kwachilengedwe ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana. Ndipo zotsatira zake sizodziwika.
Khansa ya m'magazi: musaphonye mphindi
Matenda ambiri omwe amachititsa kusintha kwa chiwerengero cha leukocyte cha mtundu uliwonse ndi khansa ya m'magazi - gulu la matenda oopsa a hematopoiesis system, omwe nthawi zina amagwirizanitsidwa ndi dzina lofala "khansa ya magazi". Chiyambi cha matendawa ndi kusintha ndi kusinthika kwa maselo a m'mafupa omwe amachititsa hemopoiesis (kutanthauza maselo a magazi). Kuopsa kwa khansa ya m'magazi ndikuti nthawi yoyamba sizimawonekera - kutopa kumakula pang'ono (aliyense amatopa!), Ndimakonda kugona masana (kotero kuti sindinali wokwanira!), Ndi zovuta kupuma ndipo mutu wanga ukutuluka (ndi momwe chilengedwe chimadziwira)! Zimayambitsa khansa ya m'magazi sizimvetsetsedwe. Nthawi zambiri pamene matendawa amafalitsidwa ndi cholowa, kotero ngati pangakhale matenda a kansa yamagazi m'banja (ngakhale m'magulu a mbali), muyenera kusamala kwambiri za thanzi lanu: pitani kuchipatala nthawi zonse ndikuyesera magazi kuti muyambe kudwala khansa ya m'magazi. Pali mitundu yodziphatikizira yothandizira khansa ya magazi, yomwe imapangidwa ku malo apadera.
Platelets
Mipataipi ndi mbale zamagazi, ntchito yaikulu yomwe imasiya kuika magazi (hemostasis).
Kuonjezera apo, mapuloteni amathandizira kutetezera thupi kwa anthu akunja: Iwo ali ndi ntchito ya phagocytic, ndizo zimayambitsa zamoyo komanso p-lysines, zomwe zimatha kuwononga ziwalo za mabakiteriya ena, komanso kumasulidwa mu mankhwala omwe amateteza thupi kuti lisatenge tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Pali njira zina zogwiritsira ntchito mapulogalamu m'magazi (180-360 109 / l). Kusiyanitsa kuli kotheka kumbali zonse ziwiri, koma matendawa ndi kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha thrombocytes, kutanthauza thrombocytopenia. Monga matenda onse okhudzana ndi mapuloteni, thrombocytopenia imagwirizana ndi hemostasis - njira yopezera magazi. Mothandizidwa ndi thrombocytes, chomwe chimatchedwa kuti maselo-platelet hemostasis amadziwika. Zimathyoka, ndiye pa thupi la wodwala pali zilonda zambiri ndi kutaya magazi, magazi amayamba kuwonjezeka (ndipo mwina, chiberekero, chifuwa, chapamimba, etc.).
Hemostasis: zosiyana kwambiri
Mwaziwo "umayimanso" - kotero kuti magazi omwe sungatheke amawoneka mu mitsempha ya magazi (thrombosis, myocardial infarction, stroke) kapena, mosiyana ndizo, zimakhala zovuta kuimitsa (hemophilia ndi matenda omwe sapezeka omwe amakhudza amuna okha). Matendawa sagwirizanitsidwa kokha ndi maselo a hemostasis. Pogwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni okha, kutaya magazi kwakukulu kofanana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yambiri ya mitsempha (mitsempha, mitsempha, arterioles) sangathe kuimitsidwa. Pano, njira ina ya hemostasis imayamba kugwira ntchito - plasma hemostasis (kutenga mbali ya plasma zogwiritsira ntchito). Mwamwayi, matenda a hemostatic ndi ochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi matenda ena omwe amabadwa nawo.
Kodi autohemotherapy ndi chiyani?
Njira yothandizira matenda opatsirana owopsa (mwachitsanzo, furunculosis ndi acne, zomwe sizingathetsedwe). Icho chimakhala ndi jekeseni loyambitsa matenda kapena wodwala wodwalayo magazi omwe wodwalayo amachotsedwa mumsana (nthawizina kuphatikizapo ozone mankhwala). Choncho, ntchito zotetezera thupi zimalimbikitsidwa ndipo njira zamagetsi zimakonzedwa bwino. Ndikoyenera kwa odwala omwe amatsutsana ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo. Chikhalidwe chachikulu - njirayi iyenera kuchitidwa ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino.
Ndi mtundu wanji wa magazi, chimene chikudwala
Pali malipoti kuti anthu omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magazi amatha kutenga matenda osiyanasiyana:
Gulu I: chapamimba chachilonda ndi zilonda zamphongo;
Gulu lachiwiri: matenda a shuga, m'mimba ndi khansa ya m'mimba, kuwonjezeka kwa magazi coagulability, motero, matenda a mtima ndi zikwapu;
Gulu lachitatu: khansa yamtunda;
Vuto la IV: Matenda a mtima ndi a chilengedwe, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.