Akatswiri opima ma ARV asanayambe kubwereza akuyitanitsa kufufuza pamodzi, njira zingapo zomwe zimathandiza kuti zizindikiritse zolakwika zomwe zimachitika m'mimba ya fetus (Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome, neural tube defect) komanso kuti aphunzire momwe thupi lake ndi matenda ake akuzungulira. Zoonadi, ndiyomwe muyeso molondola, zowonjezereka zowonjezereka. Choncho, pa kafukufuku wotero, muyenera kutembenukira kwa akatswiri enieni kuti awathandize. Kodi ndi "chipatso" chotani, kuwonetsetsa, komanso momwe mungagwiritsidwire ntchito muphunziro la mutu wakuti "Kuyezetsa msanga, zotsatira za kuyesa".
Malinga ndi zomwe bungwe la World Health Organization linalangiza, zizindikiro za phunziro loyang'anapo zingakhale zifukwa zingapo:
- matenda amtundu uliwonse m'banja;
- zochepa zochotsa mimba pamayambiriro oyambirira;
- anachotsa mabakiteriya, matenda opatsirana (mwachitsanzo, matenda a chiwindi, rubella, herpes, cytomegalovirus);
- m'badwo wa mkazi uli patatha zaka 35-39;
- kuwonetsekera kwa dzuwa kapena zotsatira zina zovulaza kwa mmodzi mwa okwatirana asanabadwe.
Koma, ngakhale njira yomwe ikuwongolera kusanthula ndi ultrasound, ngakhale zotsatira zake zotsatira, zikutanthauza kuti matendawa adzakula ndithu. Mwachitsanzo, ponena za msinkhu, ziŵerengero zimati zotsutsana. Poyerekezera ndi chithunzithunzi chabwino cha mimba, kuthekera kwa vuto kukuwonjezeka pang'ono. Choncho samalani dongosolo lanu lamatenda ndikukonzekera kubadwa kwa mwana wangwiro wathanzi.
Kodi chikuphatikizidwa mu phunziroli?
Kuwonetsedwa kwa sabata la 10-13 la mimba. Poyerekeza ndi maphunziro ofanana m'chigawo chachiwiri, amawonedwa kuti ndi olondola, ndi osachepera peresenti ya zotsatira zabwino zabodza. Pothandizidwa ndi pulogalamu yapadera ya pakompyuta yomwe imakulolani kuti muwerenge chiopsezo chophatikizana cha kukula kwa fetus, malinga ndi zotsatira za kuyesa magazi kwa mayi ndi ultrasound, akatswiri amafufuza momwe angakhalire. Zonsezi zimatenga maola 2-2.5 okha. Panthawi ya ultrasound, dokotalayo amadziwa ndikulowa mu funsolo kukula kwake komwe kumachokera ku coccyx mpaka korona (CTE), kukula kwake kwa kolala - khola lachiberekero, malo okhudzidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo (TBP). Zigawozi zidzathandiza kudziwa momwe angathere nthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba, mimba yambiri komanso mtundu wake, zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri pakuwona bwino mimba imeneyi, komanso zizindikiro zosawonongera za kukula kwa mwana. Deta yonse imalowa mufunsoli ndipo imaganiziridwa kuti izi zidziwike. Pokhala ndi zotsatira za ultrasound, mukhoza kupereka magazi. Ma laboratories akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri kuti akambirane zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- subunit yaumunthu yaumunthu ya chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG). Chigawo chodabwitsachi chimapanga chidziwitso cha hCG - ma hormone apadera omwe amachititsa maselo a chorion (embryo shell).
- Mapuloteni enieni a A (PA-PP-A), omwe amapanga chitetezo cha mthupi cha thupi la amayi, komanso kukula kwa pulasitiki. Kuti athetse zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi ndi ultrasound, adokotala amafunikanso zambiri zokhudza mkaziyo.
Kulemera kwa thupi, mankhwala omwe anatengedwa, kaya amasuta kusanayambe mimba - zonsezi ndi zina zonse zimaganiziridwa poyang'ana pa trimester yoyamba. Pokhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira cha momwe mayi ndi mwana amachitira, geneticist idzapereka malangizo. Tsopano tikudziwa kuti kuyang'anitsitsa kubwereka ndi chiyani, zotsatira za kusanthula zimasonyeza chirichonse molondola.