Matenda a osteoporosis ndi matenda omwe amachepetsa kupuma kwa fupa komanso kusintha kwa mafupa. Mitsempha imakhala yopepuka kwambiri ndipo spongy ya mafupa nthawi zambiri imathyoledwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwopsezo chiwonjezeke kwambiri. Matendawa nthawi zambiri mumatendawa amapezeka m'munsi mwa vertebrae, kupunduka kwa mafupa a nsonga, mkono ndi khosi la ntchafu. Ziphuphu zimachitika ngakhale pazimenezi kuti anthu omwe ali ndi mafupa abwino sayenera kuopseza.
Khalani ndi matenda a mitsempha, onse azimayi ndi abambo, koma amuna amapezeka nthawi zambiri. Ku Russia, matendawa amakhudza pafupifupi 35% ya amayi ndi 10% mwa amuna oposa 60. Dera lonse la anthu lonse silinapezeke, koma zakhala zikuonekeratu kuti panthaŵi ino osteoporosis ndi imodzi mwa mavuto aakulu a chikhalidwe. Koma matendawa akhoza kutetezedwa! Kuonjezera apo, amatha kuchiritsidwa mu magawo oyambirira - ndi kofunika kupeza thandizo kwa dokotala m'kupita kwanthawi.
Chofunika cha funsolo
Kachipatala ka matenda otupa mafupa amasonyeza kuti fupa ndi minofu yomwe imakhala yatsopano. Amakhala ndi mapuloteni a collagen, omwe ndi otsika kwambiri, ndi amchere (makamaka calcium phosphate), opatsa kuuma ndi kukana makina opanikizika. Mu thupi, calcium yoposa 99% imapezeka m'mafupa ndi mano, 1% otsala ali m'magazi ndi matenda ofewa. Mafupa samangopereka ntchito zothandizira, koma ndi "nyumba yosungira" yomwe thupi limakopa calcium ndi phosphorous ngati kuli kofunikira.
Pa moyo, mafupa amakalamba, amafa ndikuyambiranso. Pali chomwe chimatchedwa "fupa resorption". M'kati mwake, maselo osagwiritsidwa ntchito - osteoclasts amalowetsedwa ndi atsopano. Osteoporosis imachitika pamene kupuma kwa pfupa kumachitika mofulumira kwambiri kapena ngati kuchira, mosiyana, kumachedwa kwambiri. Ali mwana ndipo ali wamng'ono, fupa latsopano limapangika mofulumira kuposa mafupa akale akuwonongedwa, kotero kuti mafupa amakula, amakhala olemera komanso amphamvu. Kusungunuka kwachilengedwe kwazaka pafupifupi 35. Kenaka "fupa" lamphongo limapezeka. Pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha mafupa, osagwira ntchito yovulala. Pambuyo pa zaka 35 mpaka 40, kufa kwa maselo a mafupa kumayamba pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha chilengedwe chawo. Kutaya mwadzidzidzi kwa mafupa kumachitika kwa akazi m'zaka zingapo zoyambirira pambuyo pa kutha kwa thupi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amayamba kutsegula m'mimba. Kuwonetsetsa kwa matendawa kumatchulidwanso kawirikawiri mwa anthu omwe sanafikepo minofu yabwino pa nthawi ya kukula.
Zizindikiro za Kutsekula kwa Mitsempha
Matendawa amatchedwa "wakupha wakupha" chifukwa nthawi zambiri amayamba popanda zizindikiro. Zitha kuoneka ngati tsiku limodzi ululu woopsa mu chifuwa kapena kumbuyo kudzakhala chizindikiro chokhudzana ndi nthiti kapena mitsempha. Kapena, ngati mutagwa pansi, dzanja lanu kapena khosi lanu lidzathyoledwa. Zitsanzo zomwe zimaperekedwa ndizofala kwambiri m'magazi a osteoporosis. Izi zikhoza kuchitika ngakhale ndi chifuwa kapena kusayendayenda - zonsezi mwa wodwala ndi matenda odwala matenda a mitsempha zidzatsogolera kuwonongeka kwa nthiti kapena kupweteka kwa ma vertebrae.
Nthaŵi zina mafupa amayamba kupweteka kwambiri, koma osati nthawi zonse. Kawirikawiri nsaluyi imasintha pang'onopang'ono, kukula kumachepa. Kuperewera kwa kukula kumachitika chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa thupi (mwachitsanzo, "kuphwanya" vertebrae), kugwedezeka kwa mafupa, kuzungulira kumbuyo, mawonekedwe a "hump" patsogolo pa mimba. Zonsezi ndizo makhalidwe omwe amalola diso losagwirizana kuti lizindikire matenda a mitsempha. Kuwonjezera pa ululu wam'mbuyo, wodwalayo akhoza kukwiyitsa m'mimba, m'mimba ululu (chifukwa cha kupweteka m'mimba kuchokera ku nthiti) ndi mpweya wochepa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa malo amapapu mu chifuwa chopunduka.
Kuzindikira Matenda a Mitsempha Yambiri
Kuzindikira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zojambula: X-ray, ultrasound, imaging magnetic resonance. Zithunzi zachilendo za X zowononga mafupa pokhapokha zitakhala zofunikira kale. Ichi ndi phunziro lofunika kwambiri kuti tiwone zovuta za matenda a mitsempha kapena ziphuphu. Kuyesedwa kovuta kwambiri ndi fupa la densitometry, kenako limatha kuganiza kuti wodwalayo ali ndi osteopenia - kuchepa kwa fupa. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe cha chiopsezo cha osteoporosis. Pachifukwa ichi, minofu yambiri ya mafupa imachepa, zomwe zimayambitsa chiopsezo cha ziphuphu mu gawo la fupa (mwachitsanzo, msana kapena ntchafu). Densitometry ikhozanso kuyang'anitsitsa zotsatira za chithandizo cha matendawa. Kuphatikiza pa densitometry, kuyesayesa kwa majeremusi ndikofunika kuti muyese kayendedwe ka mchere. Izi ndi zofunika kuti munthu adziwe bwinobwino, komanso kuti adziwe mtundu ndi mlingo wa mankhwala. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyang'anira zotsatira za mankhwala.
Palibe chifukwa choti tipeze kuperewera kwa fupa popanda mafupa okwanira. Izi zikhoza kuchititsa mavuto monga impso. Ngati muli ndi matenda olakwika, simungakhale ndi zotsatira za mankhwala ndi mankhwala okwera mtengo. Kuipa kosalephereka kwa mafupa a mafupa chifukwa cha matenda osokonekera a mphamvu ya calcium, magnesium ndi phosphorous.
Kupitako pang'ono ku Russia ndi chomwe chimatchedwa mayeso a "mafupa m'magazi kapena mkodzo." Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muyang'ane njira yothandizira fufuzani ndikusintha kwake. Pankhani ya matenda otupa mafupa osadziwika, monga achinyamata omwe alibe zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa chiopsezo, palibe kuphwanya kwakukulu m'zinthu za sayansi ya zamoyo, chidziwitso cha matenda a sayansi sichitidwa. Phunziro lokha la historic ya zokolola zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa zimayendetsedwa, kuwonetsa ntchito ya maselo pakupangidwa kwa fupa latsopano komanso pofukula mafupa. Izi zimathandiza kuti chithandizo chofulumira chikugwiritsidwe ntchito pamagulu a mafupa.
Kuchiza kwa matenda a mitsempha
Pochiza matenda opaoporosis, kukonzekera mankhwala kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka. Kudya mokwanira kwa calcium ndi vitamini D kapena metabolites yogwira ntchito, mankhwala omwe amaletsa kupuma kwa mafupa (mwachitsanzo, calcitonin) - zonsezi zimachepetsera chiopsezo cha zophulika za msana ndi akazi. Ndibwino kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito popewera matendawa. Kwa amayi osakwana 65, mahomoni ogonana (estrogens) ndiwo chithandizo chamankhwala chachikulu.
Palinso mankhwala ena ambiri odwala matenda a mitsempha, koma onse akuyesedwa komanso apamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti thupi liwonongeke kwambiri, kuphatikizapo thanzi labwino komanso kusintha chimbudzi. Zotsatira za mankhwalawa ndizowonjezera kuchulukitsa kwa mchere ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zophulika.
Zowopsa
Zina mwa zinthu sizikugwirizana ndi kuyamba kwa matendawa ndipo sizikukhudzanso zochitika zake, ndipo zina zimasonyeza kuti munthu akhoza kutenga matendawa. Kwa odwala ena omwe ali ndi matenda otupa mimba, zinthu zambirizi zimadzikundikira, ena samatero. Kuthetsa zifukwa zoopsa ndizomwe zimayambitsa kupewa matenda odwala matenda a m'mimba. Ena mwa iwo, madokotala alibe mphamvu. Izi ndizifukwa monga chiwerengero cha akazi, zaka, thupi, mtundu, umoyo. Mfundo yakuti osteoporosis imafala kwambiri kwa amayi, imafotokozera mafupa awo ochepa. Matenda a mitsempha amapezeka mosavuta kwa anthu okhala ndi thupi lochepa kapena mafupa ang'onoang'ono. Chiopsezo chachikulu cha matendawa chiripo pakati pa akazi a ku Asia ndi a ku Caucasian, ndipo akuda ndi Latinos sakhala pachiopsezo cha osteoporosis.
Kuthamangira mafupa a mafupa kumachitika m'banja. Kwa anthu amene makolo awo amavutika ndi mafupa, nthawi zambiri amayamba kupuma. Zizindikiro zazikuluzikulu zomwe zingatchedwe:
1. Mahomoni ogonana. Kusamba kwa msambo, masewera otsika a estrogen pambuyo pa kutha kwa thupi, kapena masewera otsika a testosterone mwa amuna;
Anorexia;
3. Kudyetsa kashiamu ndi vitamini D;
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena monga glucocorticoids ndi antiepileptic mankhwala;
5. Moyo wosayenerera kapena bedi lalitali limapuma chifukwa cha matenda;
6. Kusuta;
7. Kusamwa mowa.
Kupewa Matenda a Mitsempha
Njira yabwino kwambiri ndiyo kupewa matenda odwala matenda a m'mimba - mu chipatala, matenda ndi matenda ndipo pamenepo sipadzakhala chosowa chilichonse. Zakudya ndizofunikira kwambiri popewera. Chofunika kwambiri pokwaniritsa msinkhu wokwanira mu fupa ndi kuteteza kuphulika mwamsanga kwa mafupa m'thupi ndi calcium. M'mayiko ambiri, kuphatikizapo Russia, kudya kashiamu kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Kawirikawiri zimakhala za 1 / 3-1 / 2 zomwe zimavomerezedwa ndi akatswiri okhuta zakudya. Malingana ndi kugonana, msinkhu komanso thanzi labwino, munthu ayenera kutenga 800 mg ya calcium kwa ana, 1500 mg akuluakulu ndi 2000 mg kwa amayi okalamba, amayi omwe ali oyembekezera komanso osowa.
Ndikwanira kumwa magalasi 4 a mkaka tsiku kapena kudya 150 g ya tchizi. Izi siziri zambiri, koma anthu ambiri samadya mkaka tsiku lililonse. Kuwonjezera pa mkaka, muyenera kudya yoghurt, tchizi, ayisikilimu ndi zakudya zina zamtundu wa calcium. Izi ndi zofunika kwa iwo omwe salekerera mkaka. Zakudyazi ndi monga: masamba obiriwira monga kabichi, broccoli, sipinachi, rhubarb, katsabola, komanso sardines (pamodzi ndi mafupa), saumoni, tofu, amondi. Mukhoza kutenga zakudya zokhazikika ndi calcium, monga madzi a lalanje ndi mitundu ina ya mkate.
Nthawi zonse onetsetsani kuti muzisankha zakudya zonenepa, monga mkaka wochuluka, yogurt ndi zopatsa pang'ono. Zakudya za mkaka zili ndi mafuta osiyana komanso osalimba. Choncho supuni 4 za tchizi za Parmesan zili ndi makilogalamu ambiri monga 1/2 chikho cha granulated tchizi, koma mu Parmesan pali calcium kasanu.
Ngati pazifukwa zina munthu sangathe kudya calcium yokwanira - vutoli liyenera kubwezeretsedwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo (mwachitsanzo, m'ma pharmacy muli mapiritsi a calcium-magnesium omwe ali ndi mlingo woyenera wa calcium). Vitamini D imathandizanso kuti calcium iyambe kuyamwa ndipo, motero, kupanga mafupa abwino. Amapezeka pakhungu pansi pa mphamvu ya dzuwa. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amatha kulowa mu vitamini D mwachilengedwe, komabe monga momwe tingawonere pofufuza - kuchepa kwa anthu achikulire omwe amakhala pakhomo. Zimathandizanso kuchepetsa kupanga kwake m'nyengo ya kugwa ndi nyengo yozizira. Zili choncho pambali pa mavitamini omwe ali "eni" ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mu mlingo wa ma unit 400-800. Mankhwala aakulu sali ovomerezeka - ndi zofunika kuyang'anira zizindikiro zamagetsi zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti zowonjezerazi zikugwira bwino ntchito.