Pali njira zambiri zomwe zimakhalira makanda, opangidwa ndi aphunzitsi a ku Russian ndi ochokera kunja komanso a psychologists. Imodzi mwa njira zodziwika kwambiri zapakhomo zoyambirira za chitukuko cha ana ndiyo njira ya sayansi ya St. Petersburg, NA Zaitsev.
Pokhala wamasiku athu ano N. Zaitsev atagwira ntchito mwakhama kwa zaka makumi asanu, mu 1989 adatulutsa phindu lake loyambirira, wotchuka kwambiri, - ma cubes Zaitsev.
Maziko a njira zake (ndi mbali yake yosiyana) ndi njira yosiyana ya chilankhulo cha chinenero. Nikolai Zaitsev amaona kuti chipindacho ndi malo osungiramo katundu, osati syllable. Malo ogulitsa ndi makalata awiri: vowel ndi consonant. Mlembi wapanga malo osungiramo zinthu pa nkhope za cubes zosiyanasiyana.
Kukula kwake, mtundu wake komanso ngakhale phokoso la kacube kumadalira mtundu wa mawu omwe ali m'mabuku olembedwa pamaso ake. Nikolai Alexandrovich Zaitsev adalonjeza kudzaza madontho omwe magalasi osamva amalembedwa, ndi zidutswa za nkhuni zomwe zimapangitsa phokoso lopweteka; Zogulitsa zitsulo zimatchulidwa ndi ndalama zamkuwa; Zosungiramo zosungiramo - zowonjezera zitsulo. Zonsezi kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wina wa kulembedwa kwa makalata ena amalola ana kuloweza makalata mofulumira ndipo atangotha maola ochepa amayamba kuwerenga mabuku osungiramo katundu, ndiyeno mawu alionse.
Maphunziro ndi zida za Zaytsev amathandizira kuwonjezereka msanga pakuwerenga komanso kuchotsa mavuto ena. Komanso mu njira ya Zaitsev muli magome osati awerenge, koma kuimba, komwe kumalimbikitsa chitukuko cha kulankhula ndi kukonzanso luso lowerenga.
Gwiritsani ntchito njira ya Zaitsev kwa mwana aliyense, mosasamala za msinkhu. Ana kwa chaka chofanana ndi kusewera ndi "kuwomba", kuwala kwazing'ono, monga ziphuphu, ndipo pang'onopang'ono amaphunzira malo osungiramo katundu ndikuyamba kuwerenga zambiri, pamaso pa ana ena. Ophunzira oyambirira, omwe amaphunzitsidwa kusukulu kuwerenga, kupukuta zilembo kuchokera ku makalata, monga kuphunzitsa kuwerenga makalata osungirako.
Kufika kwa mwanayo, ndithudi, kumakhudza kufulumira kwa kuwerenga kuwerenga pogwiritsa ntchito njira za N. Zaitsev, popeza kuphunzitsidwa kwa "ophunzira" ang'onoang'ono kumakhala pang'onopang'ono. Koma zaka zapakati pa zitatu ndi zinayi zimayamba kuwerenga kwenikweni mu makalasi awiri kapena anayi ndipo pambuyo pa maphunziro 15-20 mwana akhoza kale, kuyenda, kudabwa amayi ake, atawerenga dzina la msewu.
Phunziro lililonse mwa njirayi nthawi zambiri limatenga mphindi 25, koma limachitika momasuka kotero kuti silikuwoneka ngati phunziro lapadera, koma ngati masewera enieni. Ana amaloledwa kuyenda, kunama, kukhala pansi, kotero amamva bwino.
Ochita kafukufuku ambiri amakhulupirira kuti maphunziro opindulitsa kwambiri, opatsa zowonjezera zotsatira, zimachitika mu mawonekedwe a masewera. Ana ambiri, omwe anayamba kuphunzitsa malinga ndi njira ya Zaitsev ali ndi zaka zitatu, anali okonzeka kupita kusukulu osati poyamba koma kachiwiri komanso ngakhale m'kalasi yachitatu ya sukulu ya sukulu yapamwamba ku sukulu ya msinkhu wa sukulu.
Masukulu ambiri ndi a kindergartens amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi kukhala imodzi. Kawirikawiri makalasi amatha mosavuta komanso momasuka. Malembowa amalembedwa m'malembo akuluakulu pa tebulo, choncho ana sawononga maso awo, ndipo popeza angathe kusunthira, osati kungokhala, sangasokoneze nthawiyo. Choncho, ana amaimba ndi kuwerenga mabuku osungiramo katundu ndikuyamba kuwerenga kuwerenga mosangalala.
Ndi bwino kuyamba makalasi ndi zosavuta: kubisa cubes, kuwerengera malo osungiramo ana, kuwonjezera dzina lake, kuliwerenga, kenako kuwerenga zomwe zinachitika pambali ya cubes. Zowonjezereka, padzakhala chinachake chosagwirizana kumbuyo, koma ana amasangalala ndi izi ndipo akuchita ndichisangalalo, monga momwe amachitira. Ana amatha kupatsidwa nthawi yomweyo makoswe onse, osankhidwa, popanda mantha olemetsa chifukwa cha kukula kwa ubongo waung'ono. Zidzakhala zosavuta kuti mwana azisewera ndi cubes ngati amadziwa zonse mwakamodzi, pamene ayamba kuyang'ana kukula ndi mtundu.
Ubwino wa njira Zaitsev kwambiri. Asayansi atsimikizira kuti msinkhu wabwino wokhala ndi chintchito ndi chitukuko cha mwana ndi zaka zitatu kapena zinayi, popeza ubongo wa mwana wa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri wafika pang'onopang'ono. Mukayamba maphunziro ndi mwana wazaka zitatu kapena zinayi, ndiye asanu ndi awiri adzadziwa zambiri zomwe akudziwa pulogalamu ya pulayimale.
Mantha a makolo omwe mwanayo sakufuna kuphunzira kusukulu kapena kuti adzakambirana mavuto ndi anzake a m'kalasi ali opanda pake. Masiku ano, makolo ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo yonse poyambira ana, ana ochuluka omwe amabwera kusukulu ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, amadziwa maphunziro a sukulu ya pulayimale, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mwana wanu sangakhale yekhayo.
Masukulu apadera ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi amakondwera kwambiri ndi maphunziro omwe anaphunzitsidwa bwino ndipo amawalimbikitsa kwambiri, malinga ndi maziko omwe makolowo adawapanga.
Zida za Zaitsev zimaphatikizapo masentimita 52, okhala ndi kukula kwake, mtundu, kudzazidwa ndi kulemera. Zipinda zosungiramo zida zalembedwa pa nkhope za anayi. Kwa ma cubes owonjezera magome. Mukhoza kugula makonzedwe okonzedwa bwino, mukhoza kudzipanga nokha kuchokera ku matelo omwe akugulitsidwa, ndipo mukhoza kudzipangira nokha, pogwiritsa ntchito cubes yomwe mwanayo amasewera, kapena kugwirana pamodzi atsopano kuchokera pa makatoni.