Kufuna kuti tchuthi: tiphunzire momwe tingadzipangire wekha kusukulu ndi kunyumba

Kodi ndi ndani ndipo ndani akufunikira mankhwala osokoneza bongo? Choyamba, ophunzira a maphunziro a biology. Albumyi ndi zomera zouma ndi ntchito yachisanu ya ophunzira ophunzira asanu. Chachiwiri, kupanga herbarium ndi mwayi wabwino kwambiri wa banja kuyenda mu chilengedwe. Mitengo yowuma bwino ndi yoyenerera bwino ingakhale mphatso yabwino kwambiri, zokongoletsa mkati, zojambula bwino. Choncho, tikuphunzira momwe tingasonkhanitsire ndi kuumitsa herbarium, komanso kuti tiikongoletse bwino.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi manja anu - gulu lapamwamba ndi chithunzi

Monga maziko a mankhwala, ma Albums kapena zolembera nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito A4, A5 kapena mapangidwe a makatoni. Mukalasiyi, phunziro la magawo ndi ndondomeko pakupanga shebrium pamapangidwe a ma Album akufotokozedwa. The herbarium yomwe ikufotokozedwa pano ikutchedwa "Mankhwala Opanga ku Central Russia". Mungasankhe mitu ina iliyonse, mwachitsanzo, "Mpumulo wathu panyanja: zomera za m'nyanja", "Kutuluka ku nkhalango: Zimamera bwanji mu August" ndi zina zotero.

Kulemba! Kuti mutenge zitsanzo, sankhani tsiku louma, dzuwa. Kukhoza kuwonongeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa fungal kwa masewero anu omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mumvula ndi 95%.

Momwe mungakolole zomera za herbarium

Zida zosonkhanitsa zomera:

• Mzere wazitali wa soviet (ngati mukufuna kupeza chomera ndi mizu)
• Mikanda yaing'ono ya msomali
• Munda pruner
• Chidebe chotengera zitsanzo (mungagwiritse ntchito nsapato zazing'ono zamakona)
• Kamtsuko kakang'ono (50 g) ndi vinyo wamunda kapena dothi losakanizidwa ndi madzi ku dziko la mushy
• Mapepala akale

Langizo: Musanapite ku "kusaka", yambani kufufuza zomwe zili muzu wa zomera zomwe mwasankha, kuti mwadzidzidzi maluwa a buluu asanakhazikitse phazi ndi theka.

Malangizo a Gawo ndi Gawo:

1. Masamba ndi mitu ya maluwa akudulidwa ndi lumo la manicure, kuyikidwa mu chidebe, kuyika nyuzipepala.
2. Dulani nthambi zazikuluzikuluzikulu, ndikuphimba malo omwe muli ndi msuzi kapena dongo. (Njirayi ndi yofunika kwambiri ngati ana ali ndi inu, akuyenera kuona kuti sitikupita ku chilengedwe monga anthu osakhala achilendo, ndipo ngakhale titatenga kanthu kuchokera pamenepo, timasamala kuti chilengedwe chili ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuti zibwezere).
3. Dulani bwino zomera zomwe zilibe mizu yamphamvu kwambiri. Timakumba kuchokera kumbali zinayi pamtunda wa 4-5 masentimita kuchokera kumunsi, kwezani nthaka ndikukwera pamodzi ndi nkhuni. Timadetsa nkhawa kwambiri, kuyeretsa zitsamba zapadziko lapansi, kuziyika pa nyuzipepala, kuziyika mu chidebe.

Chitsanzo cha momwe mungakonze bwino chomera chimaperekedwa mu kanema.

Malangizo: yesetsani kuti musakumba mbewu zosawerengeka, zosiyana.

Momwe mungakhalire zomera bwino

Zida zofunika:

• Buku lakale - 1 pc.
• Cardboard ndi yolimba - mapepala awiri
• Chophika chophika - 1 pc.
• Galasi ndi madzi
• Zolemba, zitha

Malangizo a Gawo ndi Gawo:

1. Kufalitsa zomera zonse zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa m'nyuzipepala. Taganiziraninso iwo mosamala: ngati penapake pali chinthu chodetsedwa, chodyedwa ndi tizilombo - chotsani.
2. Bzalani chomera pa tsamba, monga mukuonera. Masamba opanda masamba, kotero kuti asawongole, amawongolera masamba a bukhuli, mopepuka mowawathira madzi.
3. Ikani bukhuli ndi zomera pakati pa mapepala a makatoni, chivundikiro chapamwamba ndi pepala lophika ndikuyika zitoliro. Bzalani youma, kawirikawiri sabata kapena masiku khumi. Pankhaniyi, tsiku lililonse masiku asanu oyambirira a kuyanika, sungani masambawo kuti muume masamba. Kukonzekera kwa chomera kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mu herbarium kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe ake: ngati sichigwada ndi kusunga mawonekedwe, ndiye kuti ndi okonzeka.

Zindikirani: Pali njira zina zowuma zachilengedwe: mu microwave kapena uvuni, pogwiritsa ntchito hydrogen peroxide. Njirazi zimachepetsa kuyanika, koma panthawi yomweyi zitsanzozo ndizopunduka, zimadetsedwa kapena zimakhala ndi mtundu wosakhala wamba. Mwa njira, nthawi zina n'zotheka kuŵerenga chidziwitso chomwe bukulo, lomwe amati, pambuyo pa zomera zouma, limakhala losagwiritsidwa ntchito - limakhala lochepetsedwa ndipo limataya mawonekedwe ake. Izi siziri choncho! Ngati zomera zimasonkhanitsidwa pa tsiku louma, palibe choopsa chomwe chidzachitike ku bukhuli.

Momwe mungapangidwire ndi mankhwala anu

Zida zofunika:

• Mapepala a white cardboard A 4 - 10 ma PC. (mwa chiwerengero cha zomera)
• Masamba a Album A ma PC 4 - 10.
• Mapulogalamu a makatoni okongola - 12 cm, m'lifupi - 4 cm - 10 ma PC.
• Fayilo zosaoneka - ma PC 5. (kapena pepala lokulitsa kukula kwa A4 - ma PC 10).
• Kupalasa, kumanga, PVA glue, twine kapena ulusi wolimba, kusoka singano ndi ulusi, pensulo yowala kwambiri.

Malangizo a Gawo ndi Gawo:

1. Zomera zoumazi zimayikidwa pazenera, timakonza pa tsinde kapena paphesi ndi singano ndi ulusi, kupanga nsonga 2-3. Ngati ndi mitundu yambiri, ndiye kuti timakonza malo ambiri; Ngati iyi ndi tsamba limodzi, kenaka pendani tsambalo ndi PVA glue. Tchulani chigobacho, chekeni ndi pepala lodzimva la mtundu woyenera.
2. Masamba a makatoniwa amaikidwa ndi guluu ndipo amagwiritsira ntchito mapepala awo a albamu ndi zomera zouma. Pewani pansi pang'onopang'ono, yesetsani kusokoneza zinthu.
3. Mafayilo osakanikirana amagawidwa m'magawo awiri, timayika gawo limodzi pamwamba pa chomera, kuchokera kumbali yomwe timagwiritsa ntchito mapepala okongoletsedwa ndi kuswa "sandwich" iyi ndi nkhonya. M'mabowo omwe timayika chingwe (chingwe, ulusi), yesani, konzani. Kotero timachita ndi masamba ena a herbarium.
4. M'munsi mwachindunji cha pepala timapanga zolembera zomwe timasonyeza zokhudzana ndi chomeracho: dzina, khalidwe, malo ndi nthawi yosonkhanitsa. Izi "dzinaplate" zingapangidwe pasadakhale, mwachitsanzo, kusindikizidwa pa kompyutala ndi pulogalamu, mukhoza kulemba mosavuta. Ngati mukufuna, mungathe kufotokoza mayina a ziwalo za mankhwala kapena mankhwala omwe amapanga mankhwala (ngati n'kotheka).
5. Tsopano zikutsalira kusonkhanitsa masamba onse mu album ndikupanga tsamba la mutu. Momwe izo ziwonekera ndi nkhani ya malingaliro anu. Kapena mugwiritse ntchito chitsanzo choperekedwa. Kuti muchite zimenezi, choyamba muyenera kutenga chithunzi cha malo omwe zomera zimasonkhanitsidwa. Lembani collage kuchokera kwa ojambula achithunzithunzi, lembani dzina la herbarium ndikulisindikiza pa printer.

   Lingaliro: nthenda yosakanizidwa ikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi chithunzi chajambula, ngati kumbuyo kwa tsamba lirilonse liri ndi chomera chouma, mumagwirizanitsa zithunzi zanu zomwe zimatengedwa panthawi yosonkhanitsa.
   

6. Patsamba lirilonse, kuphatikizapo tsamba la mutu, timapanga zolemba kuti tikulumikize ndikuzembera malowa ndi nkhonya. Sewani mapepala mu Album, chitani ngati mukufuna uta kapena musamacheze malo omanga mapeto a chingwe. The herbarium ndi wokonzeka.

Monga mukuonera, kupanga mankhwala ndi manja anu ndi ntchito yophweka komanso ngakhale ana a sukulu ang'onoang'ono angathe kuchita. Sungani mankhwala a zitsamba m'malo ouma, makamaka pamapulatifomu apamwamba, pamalo osanjikizika.