Tiyeni tione mafunso ofunika pa mutu uwu.
Kodi matendawa ndi chiyani?
Matenda okhudzana ndi kudya ndi okhutira ndi chakudya ndi kulemera, zomwe zimavulaza thanzi labwino ndi umoyo waumunthu. Ngakhale kuti nthaŵi zina tonse timadandaula za kulemera kwathu, koma anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kudya amanyansira kuti asalefuke. Pali matenda awiri akuluakulu odwala: anorexia ndi bulimia.
Kodi anorexia ndi chiyani?
Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda odwala matenda a anorexia amadzikongoletsa kwambiri. Iwo safuna kudya, ndipo amaopa kulemera. Amatha kudera nkhaŵa nthawi zambiri zomwe amadya, kapena mafuta ochuluka. Amatha kumwa mapiritsi, zakudya zamadzimadzi kapena mapiritsi a madzi kuti achepetse kulemera. Amatha kuphunzitsa zambiri. Anthu omwe ali ndi anorexia amaganiza kuti ndi amphumphu ngakhale kuti ali oonda kwambiri. Anthu awa akhoza kukhala ochepa thupi kotero kuti anthu ozungulira onse aziganiza kuti akudwala. Anorexia imafuna kuchipatala kuchipatala. Chinthu chachikulu pa chithandizo cha anorexia chikugwira ntchito ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo.
Kodi bulimia ndi chiyani?
Ndi bulimia, munthu amadya chakudya chochuluka ndipo nthawi yomweyo amayesera kuchotsa icho mothandizidwa ndi kusanza mwadzidzidzi, kapena amagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ochotsa mankhwala kuti achotse chakudya kuchokera mthupi (njirayi imatchedwa kuyeretsa). Pambuyo pa gluttoni, mablimics ena amalimbikitsidwa kuchita mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya aerobics, kukhala olimba thupi, kuti asalephere kulemera. Kawirikawiri, ndi bulimia, munthu amakhala ndi njala nthawi zonse, zimawoneka kuti akhoza kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana monga momwe amachitira. Anthu omwe ali ndi bulimia angagwiritsire ntchito mapiritsi a madzi, mankhwala ophera mankhwala kapena mapiritsi odyetsera kuti "athetse" kulemera kwake. Anthu omwe ali ndi bulimia nthawi zambiri amayesera kubisala kudya ndi kuyeretsa. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a bulimia nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi kulemera kwake, koma kulemera kwawo kungasinthe mosavuta.
Kodi zimayambitsa matenda odwala?
makamaka izi ndi zifukwa zamaganizo. Zowonjezereka zimaphatikizapo kukhala wosungulumwa, mafuta ndi oyipa, kapena kumverera kuti muyenera kukhala "olamulira." Sukulu imalimbikitsanso anthu kukhala ofooka. Kupsyinjika kumeneku kungathandizenso kuti pakhale vuto la kudya.
Kodi mumadziwa?
Anthu 8 miliyoni kapena kuposera ku United States akulimbana ndi matenda ovutika ndipo 90% mwa iwo ndi akazi. Ovutika ndi matenda odwala akhoza kukhala osawuka kapena olemera. Matenda oyamba amadya achinyamata, koma ayamba kale kuwonetsa ana omwe ali ndi zaka 8.
Kodi chingachitike n'chiyani pamene mukuyesera kukhala wopepuka?
Ndizobwino mukamawona zomwe mumadya ndikuphunzitsa thupi lanu. Koma ndi kulakwa kudya pamene nthawi zonse mumadandaula za kulemera ndi zomwe mumadya. Anthu omwe amadwala matenda amatha kuchita zinthu zoipa ndi matupi awo chifukwa cholakalaka kukhala olemera kwambiri. Ngati izi sizinaimidwe, matenda a anorexia angayambitse matenda awa: vuto la kuchepa kwa thupi, mavuto a mtima, nthawi zosawerengeka za mwezi, tsitsi lowonjezera pa mbali zonse za thupi, kuphatikizapo nkhope, owuma, khungu, impso ndi mano.
Kodi n'zotheka kuthana ndi vuto la kudya?
Inde. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi anorexia, sitepe yoyamba ndiyo kubwerera kulemera kwake. Ngati munthu sadya bwino kapena akuchepa kwambiri, akhoza kumuika kuchipatala. Adzaperekedwanso, adzapempha thandizo kwa dokotala wodzinso kuti adziwe momwe angasankhire zakudya zathanzi ndikudya bwino. Kwa mitundu yonse ya anthu odwala omwe ali ndi anorexia ndi bulimia, ndikofunika kwambiri kuthandizira banja kapena wokondedwa amene mungamufunse. (Yankhulani za kumverera kwanu, kulemera kwanu ndi mavuto pamoyo wanu).
Kodi zizindikiro za matenda odwala ndi ziti?
Pali zizindikiro zowonjezera zotere za anorexia ndi bulimia:
- Chisamaliro chachilendo chokhudzana ndi thupi (ngakhale ngati munthu sali wolemera kuposa wamba).
- Zambiri ndi zopatsa mphamvu.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala alionse kuti asapitirize kulemera (mapiritsi a zakudya, mankhwala ophera madzi, mapiritsi a madzi).
Zizindikiro zoopsa zowonjezereka n'zovuta kuona kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda odwala amakhalabe chinsinsi.
Kulimbitsa chakudya.
- Kukana kwathunthu kudya.
- Kufooka kwa thupi ndi chidwi.
- Kutaya kwa nthawi ya mwezi.
- Kuwonjezeka ndi nkhawa za kulemera.
- Mitsempha ya mafupa kapena zipsera pamagulu.