Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amavutika kwambiri ndi chiwindi, mtima, m'mimba ndi mantha. Thupi lawo limafooka kwambiri chifukwa cha kuledzeretsa kwakukulu komwe kulimbika kwa thupi, monga kutenga mimba ndi kubereka, kungabweretse mavuto aakulu, mpaka zotsatira zowononga.
Atsikana ndi atsikana ambiri nthawi zambiri amadzifunsa momwe mankhwala osokoneza bongo angakhudzire mimba ya mwana ndi tsogolo lake ngati chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo chidachitika kale kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo akhala akufooka? Ndikofunika kukumbukira kamodzi kokha, palibe mankhwala ofooka. Aliyense ayenera kuti anamva lingaliro lakuti palibe amene analipo kale mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Gawoli ndiloona. Ndiponsotu, mankhwala amayamba m'thupi mwakuya koopsa kwambiri moti ngakhale chitetezo champhamvu chimadutsa pamaso pake, osati kutchula thupi la mkazi akuyembekezera mwana.
Chilakolako cha kugonana cha anthu osokoneza bongo amachepetsedwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mahomoni ogonana omwe amatsimikizira kuti mwanayo ali ndi pakati komanso amayesetsa kuteteza mimba yomwe yabwera. Ngakhale zili choncho, 25% oledzera ndi chidziwitso ali ndi mwana kapena awiri. Tsoka ilo, ana awa akuvutika ndi moyo wolemedwa ndi matenda aakulu aakulu.
Ngati tilingalira mwatsatanetsatane momwe mankhwala omwe angagwiritsire ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo angakhudze mimba ya mwana ngakhale pa siteji ya mapangidwe a gamete, ndiye kuti chithunzichi chidzasankhidwa: m'magetes opangidwa ndi mankhwalawa, ma chromosome amatha, omwe amachititsa kuchotsa mimba. Eya, ngati izi zimachitika kumayambiriro oyambirira, pakadali pano, magazi amapezeka ndipo mimba imasokonezeka. Kawirikawiri pali zinthu zina zomwe zimachitika kuti mwanayo alowe, poyang'anitsitsa, moyenera, koma pakapita nthawi, mazira a chromosome omwe awonongeka ndi mankhwala amachititsa kuti chromosomal isasokonezeke. Mimba imayamba kukhala khanda, ndipo kamwana kamene kamakhala kamwana kamene kamakhala kovuta, kamene kamakhala kovuta kwambiri, kamene kamakhala kochedwa kwambiri, kamene kamakhala kosazindikira. Nchifukwa chiyani izi zimachitika?
Kuopsa kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo pamtumbo kungakhale kosalunjika (kusokonezeka kwa mapangidwe a mahomoni, kusintha kwa uterine mucosa) ndi yomweyo (kuwonongeka kwa maselo a mwana wosabadwa). Mankhwala alionse angakhudze placenta, imakhala yofooka, imapereka mpweya wabwino, ndipo imayambitsa hypoxia ya fetal. Thupi laling'ono la mwana yemwe akukula likudalira zida zakumwa zomwe zimatengedwa ndi amayi amtsogolo. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo, okhala ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timene timatuluka kuchokera mthupi, ndipo nthawi yayitali timayenda kudzera m'thupi.
Mayi wodalirika yemwe amadalira mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala nthawi zambiri amatha kubereka mwana tsiku lisanafike, ndipo izi ndizoopsa kwambiri. Kulemera kwa thupi ndi chinthu chofala kwambiri ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwala pa nthawi ya mimba ndi mimba. Choncho, kubadwa kwa mwana nthawi isanakwane, komanso ngakhale kuchepa thupi, kungachititse kuti ziwalo zambiri zisawonongeke, nthawi zambiri ndi zotsatira zake zowononga. Amayi obadwa kumene amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi zambiri amadwala ndi hydrocephalus (kuchepa kwakukulu mu ubongo ndi kukula kwabwino kwa ziwalo zina za thupi). Oopsa kwambiri hydrocephalus amadziwika ndi ambiri: chiwindi chachikulu cha dementia, matenda a khunyu, kutaya maganizo ndi mavuto ena ndi kusintha kwa chikhalidwe.
Funso la momwe mankhwala osokoneza bongo angakhudzire mimba ya mwana, taona kale. Sizingakhale zodabwitsa kukumbukira zoyipa zomwe amachita kwa mwana wobadwa kale. Maola 24-48 oyambirira atabadwa, mwana wa mayi wodalira mankhwala amayamba kukhala ndi vuto lodziletsa kwenikweni (mankhwala osokoneza bongo). Ngati mayi wapakati akugwiritsa ntchito methadone kapena mankhwala ena omwe amasungunuka m'mafuta, mwanayo amamva zizindikiro za kudalira mankhwala osati nthawi yomweyo, koma masabata awiri kapena atatu kenako, nthawi zina mtsogolo. Zizindikiro za mankhwala osokoneza bongo "kupweteka" mwa mwana ndi: malungo, kutupa kwa nasopharyngeal mucosa, kutukuta, kukupweteka komanso ngakhale kupweteka. Pakhoza kukhala nthawi yambiri yogwira ntchito kapena, mosiyana, yofooka m'mawere akuyamwitsa, ndi chizoloŵezi chodziwika chobwezeretsa. Mwanayo nthawi zambiri amalira misozi, ali wamwano, wanjala komanso wosangalala.
Ngati zimadziwika kuti amayi omwe angopangidwa kale ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndiye kuti mu chipinda choperekera amaperekedwa ndi naloxone. Kenaka mkodzo wa mayi ndi mwanayo umafufuzidwa chifukwa cha zinthu zakuthupi. Mankhwala ena amachititsa mwana wakhanda kukhala ndi matenda amphamvu kwambiri ochotsera, omwe amafunika kuti athandize nthawi yomweyo ndi diazepam kapena phenobarbital. Mankhwala oterewa amachitika mpaka zizindikiro zimatheratu kwathunthu (kuyambira masiku 4 mpaka miyezi 3-4).
Ana omwe thanzi lawo limafooka chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe amachititsa amayi omwe ali ndi pakati panthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba nthawi zambiri amadwala chifukwa chopunthwa m'maganizo, zimakhala zovuta kuphunzira ndi kuyankhula, mantha ndi nkhanza. Ziwerengero sizingalephereke: chiberekero cha mwana yemwe ali ndi chizolowezi choledzeretsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kubereka ndi kubadwa kwake ndi matenda a chibwibwi kumapangitsa moyo wamtsogolo wa mwana uyu mosayembekezereka. Pafupifupi theka la ana awa, kuyambira paunyamata, akumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Choncho, musanaganize za kulera mwana, m'pofunika kuzindikira kuti miyezi isanu ndi iwiri yomwe munthu amakhala m'mimba mwa mayi nthawi zina ndi nthawi yovuta yomwe ikukhudza moyo wake wonse wamtsogolo. Kugonjetsa kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi kubereka mwana wathanzi wodalirika ndi heroic feat yomwe mkazi yemwe amakhulupirira kuti pali mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso omwe kale anali osokoneza bongo ayenera kukhala okhoza.