Mapulani ndi Zoona
Ndipotu bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) linakonza kuchotsa chiphuphu kudziko lathu pofika chaka cha 2000. Ndipo zikanadakhala zikuchitika mosavuta ngati sizikanakhala za mayiko a dziko lachitatu, komwe kulibe kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, kofalitsidwa ndi madontho a m'madzi, monga fuluwenza, komanso chofunika kwambiri kupyolera mu masamba osamba osambidwa ndi manja osayera. M'mayiko a ku Central Asia ndi kugwa kwa Soviet Union, ana sanathenso katemera, ndipo kachilombo kogonjetsedwa kachiwiri kanasanduka vuto lalikulu la mayiko. Chilimwechi, ku Tajikistan yekha, madokotala analembetsa milandu 278 ya poliomyelitis, ndipo 15 mwa iwo (makamaka ana osakwana zaka zisanu) ali ndi zotsatira zoopsa. M'dziko la Central Asia, matendawa adachokera ku India, Pakistan ndi Afghanistan. Ndizofala kwambiri ku Africa. Pakhala zaka zambiri za mapulogalamu apadera a UN omwe amapanga ana. Monga momwe matenda a mmalire sangakhalire, poliomyelitis imayendayenda. Kuwonjezera apo, mtedza ndi zipatso zouma zomwe zimatengedwa kuchokera kumadera osauka zingakhale ndi kachilomboka. Pamagetsi ndi m'madzi, imapitirira kwa miyezi 2-4, komanso imalekerera kuyanika ndi kuzizira bwino, koma imangoopa mantha, potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate solution) ndi hydrogen peroxide. Madzi kuti azimwa mowa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kokha kophika kapena kapu. Zamasamba, zipatso, zipatso ndi amadyera amasamba bwinobwino ndi madzi ndi kuwaza madzi otentha asanapereke mwanayo. Musamamwe madzi ndi mkaka, mutagulidwa m'manja: akhoza kutenga kachilombo ka poliomyelitis (komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ena ambiri). Zoona, ngati mkaka wophika, sipadzakhalanso ngozi.
Dontho la thanzi
Njira zothandizira kupewa poliomyelitis ndi katemera. Amapatsidwa miyezi itatu panthawi imodzimodzimodzi ndi katemera wotsutsana ndi pertussis, diphtheria ndi tetanus. Choyamba, perekani jekeseni wamtundu wa DTP (mu bulu), kenaka mulowetse mwanayo pakamwa kuchokera ku katemera wa pipette motsutsana ndi poliomyelitis. Zikuwoneka kuti ndizosavuta: kumeza - ndi kukonzeka! Koma ndi njira iyi (yothandiza ana) kupereka chithandizo, munthu ayenera kutsatira malamulo. Mwachitsanzo, simungathe kudyetsa ziphuphu nthawi yomweyo kapena mwamsanga atangotemera katemera, chifukwa amatha kuyambiranso mkaka pamodzi ndi katemera. Ndiye zidzafunika kupatsidwa kachiwiri! Pa nkhani ya momwe papa anabweretsera mwana wamwamuna ku katemera wolimbana ndi poliyo ndipo sanasamalire kuti anali atabwezeretsa katemera, choncho sanatetezedwe ku kachilombo koopsa, chiyambi cha buku lomaliza la Alexandra Marinina wolemba mabuku wamakono. Mnyamata, mwachibadwa, posakhalitsa anadwala ndipo chifukwa cha zimenezi anali pa njinga ya olumala, ndipo papa ankayenera kulipira mwankhanza kuti aziyang'anira.
Nkhaniyi ndi yofunika kwambiri, kupatula chinthu chimodzi: m'zaka zomwe zafotokozedwa ndi wolemba (mapeto a zaka zapitazi), poliomyelitis, makamaka ku Moscow, inali yosawerengeka. Koma pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900, kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha matendawa m'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya ndi North America kunapereka chikhalidwe cha dziko: m'midzi ina chiwerengero cha anthu 13-20 pachaka ndi anthu 10,000 - ndizo zambiri! Chitsanzo cha Pulezidenti Wachimereka wa ku America, Theodore Roosevelt, yemwe adalamulira dzikoli ali ndi olumala. Anagwidwa ndi vuto la poliomyelitis ali ndi zaka 39, kenako sanathe kuyenda. Zoona, mtundu uwu wa matendawa ndi wofanana kwambiri kwa ana aang'ono, ndipo pakati pa akuluakulu, okhawo amene amavutika ndi matenda a immunodeficiency ndi ovuta kupirira matendawa. Komabe, atapanga katemera motsutsana ndi poliomyelitis ndi kuchepetsa kutemera ana m'mayiko otukuka, kuphatikizapo gawo la masiku ano Ukraine, matendawa anali atachotsedwa. Ngakhale pakadali pano, vuto la matendawa likhoza kukhala lovuta chifukwa cha HIV, kutuluka kwa matenda sikuchitika chifukwa ana athu amatetezedwa ndi katemera. Council. Onetsetsani kusunga kalendala ya katemera kwa mwana, kusindikiza maulendo awo mmenemo. Chonde dziwani kuti katemera wothandizira poliomyelitis chaka choyamba amathandizidwa katatu pafupipafupi masiku 45. Yesani kuti musadutse nthawi yotsiriza iyi! Katetezedwe ka katemera kamodzi ndi 50%, ndipo mwanayo atalandira mlingo 3 - 95%. Ngati atalowa mu 5% otsalawo, adzalandira kachilomboko mu mawonekedwe ochotsedwa ndipo ndithudi sadzakhala osayenera. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuonetsetsa kuti kubweranso kwa mwana wanu kumatsatira nthawi: pa miyezi 18 ndi 20, ndiyeno pa zaka 14.
Ali wamoyo kapena wakufa?
Katemera wothandizira poliomyelitis ndi mitundu iwiri: amakhala ndi attenuated virus (OPV) ndipo amafa mosavuta (IPV). Ndani mwa awiriwa ali bwino? Kwenikweni, choyamba - chimapereka chitetezo champhamvu kwambiri. Komabe, ndizovuta kwambiri (vuto limodzi la 2-3 miliyoni), koma ngakhale kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa kangayambitse matenda opatsirana katemera. Pofuna kupewa izi, mwanayo ayenera kuyesedwa ndi dokotala yemwe akupezeka asanayambe katemera. Dokotala adziwone ngati pali zotsutsana ndi katemera. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuteteza thupi lopanda thupi komanso matenda oopsa omwe amaphatikizapo kutentha thupi kapena matenda, kuphatikizapo matenda oopsa (kuphatikizapo matenda ozunguza bongo) komanso matenda okhudza ubongo omwe amaphatikizapo katemera wa polio. Koma ku US, OPV sinagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa zaka zoposa 10. Kuchokera m'chaka cha 1979, anthu 144 ali ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana (makamaka odwala omwe ali ndi AIDS ali ndi zaka 18), choncho madokotala adasankha kuti asatengere zoopsa, ndipo adasintha kuti apitirize kufala anthu a IPV. Ngakhale kuti ndi yofooka, sizingatheke kupweteka poliomyelitis. Mkhalidwe wa America, izi ndizoyenera: Mwana wobadwira ku United States sangathe kukumana ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a poliyo 1, komanso ana athu, monga zochitika m'mwezi yapitayi, zikuyenera kutetezedwa kutero - komabe katemera wofooka Mwachitsanzo, ana omwe amachiza ma antibayotiki (streptomycin ndi neomycin) angapangitse anaphylactic kuti achite mosiyanasiyana pa IPV - kuchokera ku edema kuti aopsedwe. Palibe mankhwala monga katemera wotetezeka - monga mankhwala ambiri - koma n'kofunika kumvetsa chinthu chimodzi: Ngati mwanayo akukana katemera, mwanayo akhoza kuwonjezeka kwambiri .10 mpaka 20% mwa anthu omwe ali ndi poliomyelitis akudwala chifukwa cha ziwalo ndipo imfa imakhala 4% Cholinga chofunika kwambiri choyenera katemera! Chofunikira china chofunikira chiyenera kuwerengedwa: asayansi amadziwa mitundu itatu (akatswiri ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "mavuto") a poliomyelitis. Zomwe tatchulazi zimatanthawuza kuti matendawa akhoza kutengedwa ndikudwala kamodzi, koma katatu pa moyo. Pomwe akuchira matendawa, chitetezo chimapangika kokha ndi matenda amodzi, ndipo katemera umateteza aliyense.
Sankhani matenda
Kutengera nthawi ya poliomyelitis (nthawi yochokera ku matenda omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa) kumachitika masiku 3 mpaka 14. Ndipo zoterezi zimachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena m'mawa oyambirira. Matendawa amayamba kwambiri ndipo poyamba amafanana ndi chimfine. Chithunzi choyambirira cha chimfine chimawoneka ngati: mwanayo amachititsa kutentha kufika 38-39 ° C, umakhala waulesi, wotaya mtima, amayamba kupuntha ndi kukokera, kulira ndi kukhala wopanda pake, chifukwa khosi lake limapweteka. Ndipo ngati zizindikirozi zimapweteka mu mimba ndi kutsekula m'mimba zimagwirizana (kuti, mwa njira, zimakumananso nthawi zonse), mayi amayamba kuganiza, kuti pamatumbo amatha kupweteka m'mimba. Mwanjira, ndizoona. Madokotala samangotanthauza poliomyelitis ku matenda a manja onyenga. Kuwona luso la ukhondo kumachepetsa kwambiri vuto lake. Zimatengera masiku 4-5, ndipo mwanayo amaoneka bwino. Kwa munthu wosadziŵa amamva kuti mwanayo watulukira, koma kwenikweni chithunzichi chikhoza kutchedwa bata pamaso pa mkuntho. Nthawi ya kuwala imachitika sabata, kenako kutentha kumatuluka, ndi ziwalo za minofu yosiyana yomwe ikukula, kawirikawiri miyendo ndi manja, koma minofu ya nkhope, komanso mitsempha yambiri komanso chifuwacho chimatha kuvutika - pazifukwa zotero mwana amavutika kupuma. Zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri ngati kachilomboka kamakhudza malo opuma ndi opopera: muzochitika zotere, moyo wa phokoso limapachikidwa kwenikweni. Nthaŵi zina, poliomyelitis imapezeka popanda kuuma thupi - pansi pa zovuta za matenda a meningitis, ndipo mawonekedwe ake omwe amawonekera amakhala otukuka chifukwa cha chimfine kapena matenda opatsirana m'mimba: Zowonongeka kwa matendawa ndizosatheka kuzizindikira. Zimakhala zoopsa kwa ena, chifukwa zimapangitsa kufalitsa kwaufulu kwa mavairasi. Kuchiza mwana yemwe wagwidwa ndi poliomyelitis n'kofunikira m'chipatala - amafunikira mpumulo wa bedi, kupuma kwathunthu ndi kuyang'anitsitsa kwa akatswiri. Amayi ayenera kuyembekezera zabwino: pa theka la milandu, pamene mwanayo akuchira, kufooka kumachitika.
Pa zovuta zowonzanso, akatswiri amamvetsera kwambiri misala ndi physiotherapy, komanso masewero olimbitsa thupi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito mchenga ndi malo osambira matope mumzinda wa Berdyansk ndi Yevpatoria, komanso radon ndi hydrogen sulfide (mwachitsanzo, ku Sochi). Kuchiza mwanayo kudzakhala ndi moyo wonse, koma kukhumudwa, simungalole kuti manja anu apite. Kukonzekera kulikonse kuyenera kuwonedwa monga chigonjetso pa matenda, ngakhale kakang'ono kwambiri. Ndizotheka kuti patapita nthawi - ndipo bizinesi ili sizitali zakutali! - madokotala adziphunzira momwe angakonzekerere "chiphuphu" chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a poliyo mu mitsempha, yomwe imapulumutsa odwala ku zotsatira za matendawa. Choncho, nthawi zonse munthu ayenera kuyembekezera zabwino ndi kuyesetsa kulimbitsa chikhulupiriro ichi mwa mwanayo. ayenera, choyamba, kuchokera kwa Amayi!