Chakudya cha China chimatengedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwa zakudya zamakono komanso zosiyana kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Zimachokera ku madera osiyanasiyana ku China ndipo zimagawidwa m'madera ambiri padziko lapansi - kuyambira East Asia ndi North America kupita ku Ulaya ndi South Africa. Choncho, chakudya cha Chitchaina: anthu achi China omwe amadya nthawi zambiri - tikambirana za izi.
Kawirikawiri, chakudya cha ku China kunja kwa China chingakhale chenicheni kapena chosinthidwa ndi zokonda zapanyumba, kapena china chake chatsopano, chozikidwa pa miyambo ndi zisankho zachi China. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa miyambo yophikira ku madera osiyanasiyana ku China. Pali malo asanu ndi awiri akuluakulu a m'deralo: Anhui, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Sichuan ndi Zhejiang. Zina mwa izo ndi Sichuan, Shandong ndi Huaiyang zokha zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha Chinese.
Chakudya chilichonse cha Chitchaina chimapezeka ngati chokhala ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu ziwiri kapena zingapo:
1. Gwero la chakudya ndi wowuma, wotchedwa Chinese "dzhushi" (kutanthauza "zakudya zopangidwa"). Kawirikawiri, ndi mpunga, Zakudyazi kapena koti (mkate wozungulira, steamed) womwe umatsata mbale kuchokera ku masamba, nyama, nsomba kapena zinthu zina zomwe zimatchedwa Kai (kwenikweni "masamba"). Lingaliro limeneli ndi losiyana ndi zomwe amadya kumpoto kwa Europe ndi United States. Kumeneko, nyama kapena nyama yamapuloteni nthawi zambiri imatengedwa ngati mbale yaikulu. Ndipo zakudya zambiri za Mediterranean zimachokera ku pasitala kapena mbale ya couscous.
2. Mpunga ndi gawo lalikulu la mbale za Chinese. Komabe, m'madera ambiri a China, makamaka kumpoto kwa izo, zakudya zambewu, monga Zakudyazi ndi bulu, zimadziwika kwambiri. Mosiyana, mwachitsanzo, mbali ya kumwera ya China, komwe amagwiritsa ntchito mpunga wambiri. Ngakhale kufunika kwa mpunga mu zakudya za Chitchaina, ndi kulakwa kuganiza kuti izi ndizo zonse zomwe anthu ambiri a ku China amadya. Mphesa amadziwika ngati mbale yaikulu kapena kuphika, koma pali maphikidwe mu zakudya zachi China zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi mpunga. Mwachitsanzo, chikondi cha Chichina kuphika ndikudya msuzi. Iwo akhoza kukhala osiyana molemba ndi osasinthasintha. Msuzi nthawi zambiri amatumizidwa kumayambiriro ndi kumapeto kwa chakudya ku Southern China.
Zakudya zambiri m'Chitchaina, chakudya chimaphikidwa ndi kuluma (masamba, nyama, tofu), ndipo ndi okonzeka kudya. Mwachikhalidwe, mu chikhalidwe cha Chitchaina, kugwiritsa ntchito mpeni ndi mphanda kumaonedwa kuti ndi zopanda pake, popeza "zipangizo" izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida. Kuonjezera apo, zimaonedwa kuti ndi zopanda pake alendo kuti agogoda zipangizo ndikufulumira "kuwononga" chakudya patebulo. Kudzudzula kwa wophika kudzakhala ngati mbale yake isakondweretse, kuyaka chipangizo chilichonse, koma imathamanga mofulumira komanso mofulumira. Anthu a ku China sazoloŵera kufotokoza momveka bwino malingaliro okhudza chakudya. Ngakhale ngati mbaleyo ili ndi mchere kapena yosaphika, palibe amene anganene zoona. Ndizodabwitsa kwambiri, koma monga chivomerezo kwa iye yekha wophika amayang'ana pa nsalu yadothi yakuda patebulo atatha kudya, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti alendo amakonda chakudya.
Nsomba, nkhuku kapena nyama?
Nsomba, monga lamulo, zakonzedwa molingana ndi zida za Chinese zomwe zimadya kwathunthu. Idyani mothandizidwa ndi zokopa zapadera, mosiyana ndi zakudya zina, kumene nsomba zimangoyambidwa. Ndizosayenera kuchita izi, anthu a ku China amakonda kuganiza, chifukwa nsomba ziyenera kukhala zatsopano. M'malesitilanti, odikira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito makapu awiri kwa nsomba, kuwonjezera pa timitengo, kuchotsa mafupa.
Kukudya nyama ndi chakudya china chotchuka cha China. Amadulidwa mzidutswa ndipo ndi gawo la zakudya zambiri kuchokera ku masamba. Nkhuku yowonongeka ndi mpunga - ndizo zomwe achiyanja amakonda kudya.
Nyama ya nkhumba ku China ndi yabwino kudya monga mwachuma, chipembedzo ndi zokongoletsa. Mtundu wa nyama ya nkhumba ndi mafuta, komanso kukoma kwake ndi fungo lake zimakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri. Mwa zina, nyama ya nkhumba ndi yochuluka kwambiri kuposa nkhumba.
Zamasamba si zachilendo ku China, ngakhale, kumadzulo, zimakhala ndi anthu ochepa chabe. Alimi a ku China samadya kwambiri tofu, chifukwa amakhulupirira molakwika Kumadzulo. Izi ndizolakwika. Ambiri odyetsa zachi China ndi Mabuddha. Mukayesa kuphunzira Chiyankhulo, mudzawona kuti zakudya zambiri zamasamba zimakhala ndi nyama (nthawi zambiri nkhumba). Nyama za nyama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zakudya. Zakudya zaku Buddhist za ku Chinese, pali zakudya zambiri zowonjezera zamasamba zopanda nyama. Kumapeto kwa chakudya cha gala, monga lamulo, mbale zokoma zimatumizidwa, monga zipatso zatsopano kapena supu yotentha.
Kumwa mowa ku China
Mu chikhalidwe cha Chitchaina, zakumwa zozizira zimaonedwa kuti ndizoopsa kwa chimbudzi, makamaka pamene zimadya zakudya zotentha. Choncho zinthu monga madzi a ayezi kapena zakumwa zofewa sizimaperekedwa pamene akudya. Ngati zakumwa zina zimatumizidwa, zimakhala m'malo mwa tiyi kapena madzi otentha. Zimakhulupirira kuti tiyi imalimbikitsa chimbudzi cha zakudya zamtundu.
Msuzi wa soya ndi abusa a soya
Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, anthu a Chitchaina amayamikira phala la soya chifukwa cha kukoma kwake ndi zotsatira za antitoxic. Kale m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiŵiri, teknoloji inabweretsedwa ku Japan ndi Korea. Pakupita patsogolo kwake, msuzi wa soya unatuluka - mchere wofiira wa soya ndi mchere kapena kuyaka kwa ufa wa soya. Pali mitundu yambiri ya sauce: msuzi wamdima kapena msuzi wambiri, womwe umapatsa mbale zabwino ndi zonunkhira. Lero, msuzi wa soya wagonjetsa malire a China ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi. Msuzi wa tsabola - wamphamvu kwambiri wotsutsana ndi mankhwalawa - umaposa zinthu za vinyo wofiira ndipo uli ndi vitamini C. Msuzi wakuda wa soya, wotchuka kwambiri ku East ndi South-East Asia, amatha kupangitsa kuti maselo a anthu azikalamba. Pachifukwachi, zimakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri kuposa vinyo wofiira ndi vitamini C. Msuziwu umapangidwa ndi nayonso mphamvu kuchokera ku soya, uli ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito mobwerezabwereza kuposa vinyo wofiira komanso 150 kuposa vitamini C. kuchepetsa njira yowunikira m'maselo aumunthu. Kuonjezera apo, msuzi wa soya amathandiza kuti magazi aziyenda bwino komanso kuchepetsa kukula kwa mtima ndi matenda ena. Musagwiritse ntchito msuzi wa soya, chifukwa uli ndi mchere wambiri, ndipo ichi ndi chifukwa chowonjezera kuwonjezeka kwa magazi.
Ginger
Mizu ya zomera zotenthazi ndi lakuthwa, ndi kukoma kokoma ndi kuyaka. Pambuyo pa msuzi wa soya, izi ndizo zonunkhira kwambiri mu Chinese. Amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe atsopano kapena owuma, komanso mawonekedwe a ufa.
Saminoni
Dyani khungwa lamtengo wapatali wa mtengo wotentha uwu ndipo muugwiritse ntchito monga ufa wothira madzi. Kaminoni amapereka mbale makamaka zonunkhira, zokoma.
Zolemba
Zolemba zimapangidwa ndi mitengo, zouma ndi zipangizo zamakono. Izi ndizipangizo zonunkhira zomwe zimakonda kwambiri ku China ndi zakudya zamakono zamayiko ena.
Bwanji nanga za zotetezera?
Mwatsoka, chakudya cha ku China sichili popanda iwo. Choyimira chotetezedwa kwambiri ndi E621. Ichi ndi sodium glutamate, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti idye chakudya ndipo imaphatikizidwa ngati ufa kwa bouillon cubes, chips, zakudya zopsereza, zonunkhira zosiyanasiyana, soya sauces, nyama sauces, etc .. E621 ndi kukoma enhancer amene nthawi zambiri amapereka chakudya salty-sour-sweet kukoma. Izi zimakhala zofala makamaka ku malo odyera achiChina, ngakhale pali zambiri mwa zomwe Chinese amakonda kudya.
Pali chinthu chonga "matenda a Chinese restaurant". Ichi ndi chidaliro cha sodium glutamate, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabungwe awa. M'masitolo odyera ku Chinese nthawi yoyamba padziko lapansi anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito sodium glutamate. Patapita kanthawi, akatswiri adayamba kuona kugwirizana pakati pa mutu, kupweteka, kukhumudwa ndi zodandaula zina zokhudza umoyo. Kotero panali chinthu chodabwitsa chomwe chimatchedwa "Chinese restaurant". Kenaka zonsezi zinayamba chifukwa cha sodium glutamate. Pafupifupi chakudya chonse m'masitolo odyera ku China ndi olemera kwambiri. Lili ndi chakudya chambiri chochuluka kwambiri. Zina mwa zotsatira zake zoipa: kunenepa, shuga, mavuto a maso, kukwiya komanso kuvutika kwambiri, makamaka ana, komanso kuwonongeka kwa ubongo.
Mu kuyesera, mbewa zinkadyetsedwa zogulitsa mu E621, ndipo zotsatira zinali zoonekeratu - kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa kunenepa kwambiri. Glutamate sodium inayambitsa hypothalamus ndi zina zolakwika. Izi zimafotokozedwa ndikuti sodium glutamate imakondweretsa mitsempha ya zinyama m'mayesero akuyesera, nthawi zina ngakhale kumapangitsa kufa.
Nanga bwanji za thanzi?
Zakudya zachi China zomwe zisanachitike poyendetsa ntchito zamasamba zinkachokera makamaka ku mpunga, limodzi ndi ndiwo zamasamba, komanso mapuloteni anali zakudya monga zonona. Nyama inali yosavuta. Mafuta ndi shuga zinali zapamwamba zomwe anthu ochepa okha angathe kuzipeza. Pambuyo pake, zakudya za Chitchaina zimakhala zolemera kwambiri komanso zosiyana, zomwe zimayambitsa zotsatira zake zaumoyo, komanso.
Matenda osoŵa zakudya m'thupi ndi vuto makamaka m'madera akumadzulo ndi kumadzulo kwa dziko, pamene chakudya chosasamala chimakhala m'malo ambiri okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mizinda. Zofukufuku mu 2004 zasonyeza kuti kudyetsa mafuta pakati pa anthu a m'tawuni kunawonjezeka kufika 38.4%. Pambuyo pake, malingaliro ake ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi World Health Organization anasinthidwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi mapuloteni amtundu wokhawokha ndizo chifukwa cha matenda ambiri osaneneka pakati pa anthu a ku China. Pofika m'chaka cha 2008, anthu 22,8% ali olemera kwambiri, 18.8% ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, chiwerengero cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga ku China ndi apamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi. Poyerekeza, mu 1959, mavoti omwe anali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi anali 5.9% okha.
Mu phunziro lozama lotchedwa "Chinese Project", pali kugwirizana pakati pa matenda ena ndi zakudya zachi China. Kuwonjezereka kwakumwa kwa mapuloteni a nyama kumayenderana kwambiri ndi khansa, shuga, matenda a mtima, ndipo izi, zimadalira kuti chikhalidwe chakumadzulo cha ku Western chikusintha, chomwe chimapita ku China.
Ku Ulaya, anthu ambiri odya zakudya zachiChitina - zomwe Amichina amakonda kudya, komabe, ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi malingaliro ambiri omwe amavomereza. Kuphika ku China kwazaka mazana ambiri, koma panthawi ino zasintha kwambiri, kuphatikizapo zakudya za ku Ulaya ndi zakudya za mayiko ena padziko lapansi. Zakudya zoyambirira zachi China zimangowoneka kumadera akutali a dzikoli m'madera odyera ang'onoang'ono, komanso nyumba za anthu achikulire a ku China omwe adakayikira miyambo yawo. Koma pali ochepera ndi ocheperapo, koma chiwerengero cha okonda chakudya cha Chinese chikukula.