Poinsettia ndi chomera chokongola kwambiri. Mwa anthu chomera ichi chimatchedwa "Nyenyezi ya Khirisimasi", ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti chimayamba kuphulika mu December, madzulo a Khirisimasi.
Ophunzira oyambirira a poinsettia anali a Aztec ndipo anawatcha cuetlaxochitl. Msuzi woyera wa poinsettia Aztecs ogwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi malungo. Ndipo ziphuphu zofiira zinkapita ngati dothi lachilengedwe la nsalu komanso ngakhale zodzoladzola.
Ku United States, mitsuko yabwino kwambiri inaphunzitsidwa chifukwa cha khama la JR Poinssett, yemwe anali katswiri wa sayansi ya zomera ndi dokotala (1779-1851). Poinsett anali ku Mexico m'chaka cha 1828, ndipo kumeneko anayamba kuona poinsettia ndipo nthawi yomweyo anatumiza zitsanzo zina ku South Carolina kumalo ake obiriwira, komwe anayamba kufotokoza zitsanzo zawo pofika ndi kutumizidwa ku minda ya zomera. Pochita zamalonda, mbewuyi inagwa mu 1830 ndipo patatha kanthawi inakhala chomera chodziwika chotchedwa poinsettia (poinsettia). Ku America, kunali mwambo wogula Poinsettia kwa Khirisimasi, kuchokera kumeneko mwambo umenewu unasamutsira ku Ulaya.
Mbali za chisamaliro.
Zomera zam'mlengalenga: poinsettia imakula bwino mu kuwala kowala, popanda kuwala kwa dzuwa. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, ndi bwino kutenga chomera kuti mutsegule mpweya wabwino (kumunda, ku khonde), komabe chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti chiteteze chomera kuchokera pazithunzi, mvula, dzuwa. Ngati simungathe kutenga poinsettia mpweya wabwino, chipinda chiyenera kukhala mpweya wokhazikika. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa mwezi wa September, tifunika kusamalira maulamuliro ndiyeno Poinsettia idzaphuka ndi Chaka Chatsopano. Akangoyamba kuoneka mdima, chomerachi chiyenera kuikidwa ndi mdima wambiri wa polyethylene (kuwala sikuyenera kudutsa), koma m'mawa. Choncho, nthawi yamdima iyenera kukhala maola 12 pa tsiku, koma osapitirira 14 maola. Ulamulirowu uyenera kuwonetsedwa kwa masabata pafupifupi 8, pambuyo pake mutha kubwerera ku chisamaliro chachilendo. Kuunikira kwanthawi yaitali kumalepheretsa mapangidwe a masamba, koma imathandizira kukula kwa masamba. Pafupifupi masabata atatu pambuyo pa "nthawi yamdima," maluwawo amapangidwa pa zomera. Ngati poinsettia ndikupitiriza kukhala ndi mafashoniwa, yambani kuphulika bracts.
Maluwa amapezeka m'nyengo yozizira, nthawi yomwe kutentha kumakhala pafupi 14-16 madigiri. Koma mu nthawi yopumula poinsettia ayenera kukhala m'chipinda ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 14. M'nthawi yonseyi, kutentha kwakukulu ndi madigiri 18-25.
Kuthirira kumakhala kochulukira, monga momwe dothi lanthaka limakhalira. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira ndi kosavuta, dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono, choncho musadwale kwambiri.
Nthawi yopuma mu poinsettia imatchulidwa. Kamodzi kakagwedezeka, chomeracho chimalowa mu mpumulo waifupi, womwe umakhala pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. Panthawiyi, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, koma kusalola kuyanika komaliza kwa gawolo. Chomera pa nthawiyi ndi bwino kukhala ndi digrii 12-14 komanso pamwamba mokwanira. Pamene zipindazi zimakhala pachimake, m'pofunikira kuti muzitha kutsuka masamba nthawi zonse, madzi otentha (otentha kwambiri).
Kuti ayambe kufalikira pambuyo pa nthawi yopumula, poinsettia imayamba kuphuka, m'pofunikira kusamalira kudya nthawi zonse, kutanthauza kuti kudyetsa feteleza mchere kumapeto kwa masabata awiri.
Replant Poinsettia zomera zimatha kukhala kasupe chaka chilichonse. Mu March, zimayambira ziyenera kudulidwa ku 1/3 ndikuyika malo otentha pawindo ndi dzuwa. Pambuyo pochepetsa, impso zitatu kapena zisanu zamphamvu zikhalebe pa tsinde. Madzi panthawi ino mumasowa madzi otentha. Masamba akawoneka, chomeracho chiyenera kuikidwa mu mphika, zomwe ziyenera kukhala zazikulu kuposa kale. Dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala acidic pang'ono (pH = 6). Mukhoza kutenga mapangidwe awa a dongo: dothi-mbiya padziko lapansi (magawo atatu), pepala (magawo awiri), mchenga (gawo limodzi) ndi peat (gawo limodzi). Madzi abwino ayenera kufunika. Pambuyo pakuwombera, chomeracho chimayikidwa pamalo otentha, kenako chimayamba kupopera kwambiri ndi kuthirira. Patapita kanthawi, mphukira zatsopano ziyamba kupanga, zomwe mphukira 5-6 zokha ziyenera kusiya, zina ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Mphukira zowonongeka zingagwiritsidwe ntchito monga cuttings kwa kubalana.
Pofuna kuti chitsamba chiwoneke chokongola ndi chogwirana, muyenera kuyang'ana ndipo musalole kuti zimayambira kukula ndikukhala wamaliseche komanso yaitali. Ngati, pambuyo pa zonse, izi zimachitika, ndiye mphukira ziyenera kufupikitsidwa kamodzinso.
Poinsettia - zomera zomwe zimabala ndi apical cuttings m'chaka. Tsinde lokonzekera liyenera kukhala ndi osachepera asanu. Mukadula tsinde, dzuwa limayambira - madzi amadzi, ayenera kuchotsedwa ndi pepala lopukuta, ndiye kudula kumatsanulidwa ndi makala opunduka. Pofuna kutulutsa mofulumira kwambiri, phesi limayikidwa m'madzi ozizira kwa kanthaŵi kochepa, ndipo pokhapokha imadzala ndi makala. Izi zidzateteza cuttings kuwonongeka, chifukwa latex amasindikiza ziwiya, motero amaletsa machiritso a "chilonda", pambali pake zingayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana. Cuttings imayamba mizu yosasunthika gawo lapansi (peat ndi mchenga, kutengedwa kumalo omwewo) kapena m'madzi. Kuti cuttings bwino mizu, mungagwiritse ntchito kukula stimulants. Panthawi imeneyi, kutentha kumafunika pafupifupi madigiri 24-28, chidebe ndi cuttings chikhale nthawi zonse mpweya wokwanira komanso sprayed. Pakapita mwezi, mizu imaonekera ndipo kenako mphukira zazing'ono zimatha kuziika miphika yaing'ono. Ngati chomera chikukula kuchokera kudula, ndiye kuti chiyenera kudulidwa bwino.
Zovuta zovuta.
- Kusamba madzi, komanso kusowa kwa chinyezi, komanso kusowa kwa kuwala, kumapangitsa kuti masamba asame, ndipo mwina ngakhale kugwa kwawo.
- Kutentha kwapansi kapena kulembera kumayambitsa kutayika kwa masamba, popanda zizindikiro zowonongeka.
- Kutentha, mpweya wouma umayambitsa inflorescences, ndipo pamphepete mwa masambawo amatembenukira chikasu kapena bulauni.
- Zowonongeka: ntchentche, mealybug, kangaude.