"Ukalamba wathu ndi matenda omwe amayenera kuchitidwa ngati wina aliyense," Ilya Mechnikov, yemwe anayambitsa gerontology, anati m'ma 1880. M'nkhani yake, wasayansi wotchuka wa ku Russia ananena kuti kukalamba sikofunika kuti thupi likhale labwino. Moyo wathu uli, makamaka, njira yopatulira maselo. Selo lingathe kugawa kosatha pansi pazikhalidwe zabwino. Kuwonongeka kwa zikhalidwe kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo obereka. Ndipo chifukwa cha njirayi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa kukalamba.
"Anthu samafuna kufa"
Kuyambira kale, anthu akhala ndi moyo woganiza za imfa, thupi lokalamba komanso njira ya thupi. Zowonjezereka, ndikuganiza momwe mungagonjetsere. "Anthu safuna kukhala ndi moyo kosatha, anthu safuna kufa," Stanislaw Lemm ananena molondola. Chikhumbochi chikuwonetsedwa mu moni wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi zikondwerero zamtundu wa anthu ambiri. Mu zipembedzo mwa mawonekedwe a chikhulupiriro mu moyo wam'tsogolo, kubadwanso thupi, kubadwanso. M'mipikisano yosiyanasiyana, kumene akulu wamuyaya ndi vedunes amakhala. Fuko lirilonse lakhala likufunafuna "chiyambi cha unyamata" kwa zaka zambiri.
Kale ku Egypt, zida zitsulo zinagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zitha kuoneka m'manja mwa farao pa fresco. Zitsulo - Dzuŵa ndi Mwezi, mamita 150mm m'litali ndi 28 mm m'mimba mwake - zinadzaza ndi mndandanda wa mchere. Malinga ndi akatswiri amasiku ano, m'manja mwa makinawa amapanga zipilala ziwiri zamagetsi, kudzera mwa mphamvu zomwe zimayenda, kuyenda m'thupi, kuziyeretsa ndi kupanga chitetezo cha thupi la munthu.
Chitsanzo:
Ena mwa maharahara anali aatali kwambiri: Peopi II adalamulira zaka 94. Ramesses Wamkulu ali ndi zaka 67. Anapulumuka ana 12 pa 187 a ana ake ochokera kwa akazi 42 ndi akazi apamtima 42. Kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri zoposa makumi asanu a farao analamulira.
"Msinkhu Wachinyamata"
Nkhani za akatswiri ofufuza nzeru zapamwamba - ofunafuna "zamoyo zautali", zamoyo zakalamba komanso njira za thupi - zili ndi zinsinsi: maina ambiri, kusowa chitsimikizo pazaka za moyo ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku. Uyu ndi Jabir ibn Hayyan (kapena Geber), Francis Bacon, Theophrastus Paracelsus, Jacob Bruce, Wei Po-Yan, Vasily Valentin, Count Saint-Germain, Count Alexander Cagliostro (kapena Giuseppe Balsamo), ndi ena.
Sayansi yamakono ikupitiriza kufunafuna "moyo wamoyo wautali", kudalira njira yeniyeni ndi yaumwini.
Cryonics - kuteteza (biostasis) pogwiritsa ntchito mazira otentha. Odwala amazizira. ZINTHU ZOPHUNZIRA Ansembe ndi maharahara ankayenera kusamba thupi m'mawa, usana ndi usiku, kumeta ndevu pamutu (kupatulapo mutu) - kotero kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisalowe mkati; iwo pafupifupi sanali kudya mafuta a nkhumba ndi nsomba yaiwisi.
China wakale inalenga Qigong - luso la kudzidziletsa kwa thupi, kukula kwa munthu monga munthu. Zochita zambiri zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo chitetezeke.
Qi ndi mphamvu yomwe ilipo kumwamba, padziko lapansi komanso mu zamoyo zonse. Yoga - imodzi mwa mafilosofi akale a ku India, imayang'ana njira yowonjezerapo mphamvu ya kulingalira bwino, kupuma koyenera ndi mtima wabwino.
Ntchito yaikulu imaperekedwa kwa msana pa nkhani zotsutsa matenda. Ziyenera kukhala zosasinthasintha - "madzi othamanga sangawonongeke, chingwe cha chitseko sichisokoneza, ndilo kayendetsedwe kake." Mu "Chigwirizano cha mkati" icho chimadziwika kuti:
Kukalamba ndi njira ya kusokonezeka mwamsanga ndi kuwonongeka kwa ntchito zofunikira za thupi, makamaka, kuthekera kubereka ndi kubwezeretsanso zamoyo zakalamba ndi ndondomeko ya thupi.
Kuchita ku Qigong, munthu amatenga mphamvu za kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi, kuzigwirizanitsa mwa iwo okha. Kotero iye amayandikira moyo wautali ndi kusafa. Maphunziro ayenera kukhala ozolowereka kwa zaka zingapo. Kusakhoza kufa mu Taoism ndizofunika: zimakhudza moyo ndi thupi.
Chizindikiro
Taoists amakhulupirira kuti kuchita zabwino kumawonjezera moyo, ndi zoipa - zimachepa. Iye amene akufuna kufa padziko lapansi ayenera kuchita ntchito zabwino 300, ndi ludzu losakhoza kufa kumwamba - 1200. Koma ngakhale pambuyo pa ntchito 1190 yabwino.
"Kutentha mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka zake zakumwamba, pambuyo powerenga zaka zana, pitirizani."
Chimodzi mwa mankhwalawa a mankhwala a Tibetan "Vaiduria-onbo" amalimbikitsa zakudya zabwino, kugona nthawi, kusamba, kudziwa malamulo ndi malamulo a moyo wogonana, ndi ukhondo wa thanzi ndi kutalika kwa moyo. Chophimba cha "juisi" chimaperekedwa, chomwe chimapangitsa kukhala ndi moyo kwautali: mummies, feldspar, shuga wa nzimbe, uchi, batala. "Ngati mtima umasinthasintha miyendo 100 ndipo umakhala ndi chidzalo chabwino, ndiye kuti munthu amene ali ndi moyo wamba amakhala ndi moyo zaka zana limodzi." Methuse - kholo lakale la Chipangano Chakale - anakhalapo, monga Baibulo linanenera, zaka 969 - iye amadziwika kukhala munthu wamkulu kwambiri. Chilumba china chotalika chiwindi, Nowa, yemwe anamanga Likasa, anakhala ndi moyo zaka zingapo. Munthu woyamba Adamu anali ndi moyo wosafa, koma pamene adachoka kuzipangano, adafupikitsa moyo wake.
Chiwerengero cha moyo wa munthu.
Zaka zoposa 80:
Japan, Switzerland, France, Germany, Australia, Singapore.
Zaka zosakwana 80:
Mozambique, Botswana, Zimbabwe.
Malingana ndi WHO, chiwerengero cha moyo wa moyo wa padziko lapansi ndi zaka 48.5.
N'chifukwa chiyani timakalamba?
Masiku ano palibe chiphunzitso chokalamba chomwe sichivomerezeka. Pali zifukwa zambiri zochokera ku zifukwa zosiyanasiyana ndi njira za ukalamba. Njira zodziwonetsera zokha zimadziwonetsera zokha kusintha kwa mitundu yonse - kuchokera ku maselo mpaka kuthupi. Kukalamba ndizovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimachepetsa thupi ndi kukana. Zonsezi zimawonjezera zotsatira zoipa. Malingaliro okalamba amagawidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: okalamba ndi ochepetsetsa. Kapena m'magulu atatu: majini, neuroendocrine ndi ziphunzitso zowonongeka. Kusiyana kulikonse kumakhala kosasinthasintha, chifukwa njirazi zimagwirizanirana.
Otsatira malingaliro osiyanasiyana ndizo zifukwa zazikulu za moyo wautali: chakudya chopatsa thanzi, kuphatikizapo ntchito ndi zosangalatsa, chikhalidwe cha khalidwe, chilengedwe cha chilengedwe.
Biopeptide kukonzekera , geroprotectors a m'badwo watsopano. Mfundo yaikulu: kuthandiza maselo kugwira ntchito. Mapepadi - mapuloteni omwe amadzipatula ndi asayansi - amathandiza kuti kubwezeretsedwe kwa mapuloteni awo m'thupi. Kulowa mu khola, kubwezeretsanso ntchito. Zipangizo zamakono ndi ziwalo za nyama zakutchire (chiwindi chimatengedwa kuchiza chiwindi, impso zimachiritsidwa ndi impso, etc.).
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za ukalamba zimapangidwa ndi asayansi ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana m'zaka zosiyanasiyana.
Valani lingaliro: thupi ndilo njira yomwe imathera pakapita nthawi.
Chiphunzitso cha masautso a zolakwika: ndi msinkhu, kuwonongeka kwa chibadwa kunasonkhanitsidwa chifukwa cha kusintha kwa thupi (mwadzidzidzi kapena chifukwa cha zinthu zina).
Chiphunzitso cha kusokonezeka maganizo: ukalamba ndi chifukwa cha kupanikizika, kuchuluka kwa kuvala kwa thupi la munthu kumadalira kuchuluka kwa nkhawa.
Chiphunzitso cha kuthamangitsidwa kwa galimoto: chifukwa cha ukalamba ndiko kusungira poizoni m'matumbo.
Chiphunzitso cha chisinthiko: chiphunzitso cha kukalamba kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Chiphunzitso cha kusungidwa kwa chidziwitso: Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa chidziwitso ndi kutayika kwake m'thupi mwa dongosolo, mwachitsanzo, mu DNA, mu njira zamagetsi.
Chiphunzitso cha Endocrine: chinsinsi cha "moyo wamuyaya" mu chidziwitso ndi hypothalamus.
Chidziwitso cha umuna: kuchepa kwa kuthekera kutetezera kupsinjika.
Lingaliro la maselo a maselo: kukalamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo a maselo, kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa zolakwika mu kapangidwe ka mapuloteni ndi kuteteza kusamvana kwa selo.
Nthano ya Mitochondrial: kuchepetsa mphamvu ya selo ndi msinkhu. (Mitochondria ndi organoid ya selo yomwe imatsimikizira kupuma kwake, chifukwa cha mphamvu yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa).
Chiphunzitso cha zinthu zofufuzira : chifukwa cha zochitika zomwe zili mu thupi la munthu m'zinthu zochepa kwambiri siziposa 105 peresenti.
Mfundo yopanda malire: chikoka cha anthu ochita zachiwerewere amakumana ndi matenda ambiri, makamaka khansara, matenda a mtima, nyamakazi ya nyamakazi, matenda a ubongo. Panjira ya moyo, kachigawo kakang'ono ka mpweya (kuchokera ku maselo akuluakulu omwe amadutsa mumaselo) amapanga mitundu yogwira ntchito ya mpweya (ROS) - mankhwala osokoneza bongo. AFCs amakhala kamphindi ndikuchita ndi maselo ena, kuwawononga iwo. Chifukwa cha kuukira, mitochondria yawonongeka. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuwonongeka koteroko ndikofunika kwa ukalamba.
Lingaliro la "cross-link": gawo la zinthu zogwira ntchito mu nkhani iyi ndi shuga, makamaka, shuga. Malekyule a shuga, akamachita ndi mapuloteni, "amasula" maselo a puloteni pamodzi. Maselo ayamba kugwira ntchito mochulukirapo, amapeza "zinyalala", minofu imasiya kutaya.
Chiphunzitso cha apoptosis: kukhazikitsidwa kwa pulogalamu ya kudzipha, kudzidzidzimutsa muzochitika zina, zowonjezeramo.
Lingaliro la Telomer: maselo a somatic angagaŵe nambala yambiri ya nthawi. Zimagwirizana ndi momwe DNA imakhalira mobwerezabwereza. Mapeto, m'mphepete mwa ma chromosomes ofanana (telomeres) pambuyo pa magawo onse ali ofupikitsidwa. Choncho, pakubwera nthawi yomwe selo silingalekanitsidwe. Kutalika kwa telomere kumadalira msinkhu wa munthu: wamkulu ndilo, kutalika kwake kwa telomeres ndi kochepa.
Kukula kwapadera: njira yokhala okalamba imayamba kugwira ntchito ndi kuwonjezeka kwanthawi zonse m'maganizo a hypothalamus mpaka mlingo wa mahomoni m'magazi. Ndili ndi zaka, matenda osiyanasiyana amayamba. Njira zowononga mu thupi zimayambitsidwa ndi nthawi yowonongeka yomwe idzawerengera nthawi yomwe moyo umasulidwa ku thupi.
Zakalamba zokalamba
Ma urchins amakhala zaka 200-300, mosalekeza kukula (wamkulu, wamkulu amatanthauza). Ndipo pambuyo pa zaka 100 za moyo mukhoza kupanga ana.
Nsomba za Nsomba
Zhemchuzhnitsa Margaritifera amakhala ndi zaka 200, moyo wonse ukhoza kubala mazira, sufa ndi matenda, koma ndi njala, chifukwa moyo wonse umakula.
Ndipo zenizeni zenizeni-zoposa zaka zikwi zisanu; zaka zoposa 2,5 za pine ndi chimphona chachikulu cha sequoia.
Ku USA kuli pine "Methuselah", - mtengo wakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Malingana ndi akatswiri, zaka za paini ndi 4772 zaka.
Ndili ndi msinkhu, maselo otsika amakhala akuchepa. Poyambirira, ambiri a iwo - dzira la feteleza ligawikana, kupanga maselo ofunika, omwe amasandulika kukhala ena.
Chimodzi cha maselo amatha kubereka maselo osawerengeka zikwi zingapo. Pathandizira, wodwalayo amalandira maselo awirimbiri miliyoni 200,000. Maselo osadziwika amatumizidwa ku thupi kuti asungidwe kwa kanthawi. Kuwonjezera pa maselo omwe ali nawo (kubungwe la "banki"), zimagwiritsidwa ntchito - pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe chamagazi (chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano) ndi zoberekera - kuchokera kumabotolo. Wotsirizira amachititsa mafunso, ndondomeko ya chikhalidwe ndi mphamvu pa thupi m'tsogolomu. Lingaliro lenileni la "maselo a mitsempha" linayambika mu 1908 ndi katswiri wodziwika bwino wa zamaganizo ndi kachipangizo kakang'ono kamene anajambula Alexander Maksimov (1874-1928), amene zaka zapitazo za moyo wake anagwira ntchito yochoka ku United States.