Pamodzi ndi madokotala a ma TV otchuka, ife, titakhala patsogolo pa TV, tikuchita ntchito zovuta. Koma anthu ambiri sadziwa momwe angachirere balala ndikugwiritsira ntchito bandage mwamphamvu. Koma ndi mavuto ochulukirapo m'moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndikwanira kudziwa malamulo ochepa chabe othandizira oyamba, ndipo muli ndi zida zomenyana ndi zowawa zapakhomo. Ngakhale simungataye m'mikhalidwe yotereyi ndipo nthawi zonse mwakonzeka kuthandiza wodwalayo, dzifunseni nokha: kodi mumachita zonse bwino.
Thandizo loyambirira pokhapokha ngati kuvulala ndi kupasuka
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kukumana kosavuta komanso kofala - kupereka thandizo loyamba ndi kuvulaza. Kawirikawiri sitimangodandaula ndi mavuto - izo zimapweteka ndi kuima. Pazifukwa zabwino, tidzagwiritsa ntchito chinthu chozizira kuvulaza. Komabe, ngati vutoli linali lamphamvu kwambiri, kunayamba kuvulala kwakukulu ndipo malo ovundawo anali otupa kwambiri - onetsetsani kuti hematoma sichimawombera. Pankhaniyi, ndibwino kuti mukafunse dokotala. Apo ayi, magazi kuchokera ku zitsulo zazing'ono zingasinthidwe. Kunja sikuwoneka zokongola. Mukafuna kuonana ndi dokotala, amachotsa magazi m'magaziwo, amathyola malo ovulalawo. Mavuto aakulu, mwatsoka, ndi osowa. Mukakhala ndi vuto losavuta, ndikwanira kuzizira kwa masiku awiri oyambirira, ndiyeno nkugwiritsa ntchito kutentha. Kuonjezera apo, zida zamankhwala zimakhala ndi mafuta osiyana kuti athwitsidwe kuti achoke mofulumira.
Palibenso anthu ambiri padziko lapansi omwe amatha kupulumutsidwa ku fractures - miyendo, manja, kapena osachepera chala. Komabe, ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amadziŵa okha momwe akumvera, ndi chithandizo cha X-ray mungathe kusiyanitsa bwino kupweteka kwa kupweteka kapena kutambasula. Koma pali zizindikilo zozizwitsa pazomwe zikuchitika: kuvulaza ndi kuvulaza mawonekedwe pa malo a chovulalacho. Monga lamulo, kuyesa kusuntha nthambi sikumapereka zotsatira, koma pali njira zosayenera zachilengedwe. Miyendo ndi manja amayamba kugwa m'malo osadziwika kwambiri komanso mosayembekezeka. Mosiyana ndi fracture, mawonekedwe ophatikizana ali opunduka panthawi yopuma. Kuyesera kuwongolera chirichonse mu mkono kapena mwendo wowonongeka sangathe. Choyamba, mungathe kumupweteketsa munthuyo. Chachiwiri, pewani kugwidwa kwachilendo kukhale kovuta. Thandizo loyamba la zachipatala ndikutsimikizira kuti thupi lathu lowonongeka silidzatha. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito zikopa ndi matayala, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa ndi zinthu zina. Shinning - ngakhale m'munda ndi nkhani yosavuta. Panthawiyi, malamulo ena ambiri ayenera kuwonetsedwa:
- Tayi yayikidwa pa nsapato ndi zovala, munthu wovulalayo sayenera kuvulaza. Ngati pali chikayikiro cha kutseguka kotseguka kapena chilonda china, dulani zovala ndi kuvala bandage;
- Sizingatheke kumangiriza mabanki mwamphamvu pamene tayala likugwiritsidwa ntchito - izi zimasokoneza magazi. Ngati fracture ikuphatikiza ndi kutuluka magazi, ndiye kuti zofufuzira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamaso pa kupambana;
- Dala sayenera kukhala lalifupi kwambiri - muyenera kukonza zigawo ziwiri zapafupi kuti zitheke.
- Ngati palibe ngati tayala, ndiye kuti mwendo wong'onongeka uyenera kumangirizidwa ndi wathanzi, ndipo mkono uyenera kuimitsidwa pa kerchief, ndikupangira ngodya. Mulimonsemo, ngakhale mutakhala kuti simukudziwa kuti mukuchita bwino, ndi bwino kumanga ndi kukonza mbali yowonongeka ya thupi.
Kupereka thandizo loyamba mabala
Nkhondo yachiŵiri yofala kwambiri - kudulidwa kwa mitundu yonse. Izi zikuphatikizanso kuphatikizapo, zilonda zopweteka ndi mavuto omwewo. Choyamba, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti chilondacho n'choyera. Ngati dothi lilowa mmenemo, liyenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi ozizira. Mphepete mwa chilonda (koma m'mphepete mwake! Iodini m'londa ndi minofu yotentha) ayenera kuchitidwa ndi iodini kapena zelenka. Ndipo, ngati kusakaniza kapena kudula kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo, mwachiwonekere, nkofunikira kuyika matabwa, ndibwino kusankha iodini kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pankhaniyi, adokotala adzatha kuona m'mphepete mwa chilondacho.
Ndi kuwonongeka kulikonse, magazi amatsegulidwa, kotero chithandizo choyamba chofunika. Kutuluka magazi pang'ono, kuphatikizapo mavuto a pakhomo, choyera (ndipo, makamaka chosabala) bandage, kapena ngakhale pulasitiki, ndikwanira. Chinthu chachikulu ndichoti dothi sililowa mu bala. Musamapangitse bandage kukhala yolimba kwambiri, kuphwanya kusakaza kwa magazi, koma sayenera kuthamanga. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino bandage kumateteza ku matenda, kutenga chinsinsi pa bala ndikuletsa kutuluka magazi.
Ngati simungodzidula nokha, koma kuvulaza mitsempha, ndizoipa kwambiri, koma sizowononga. Chinthu chachikulu ndikutenga nthawi. Mwazi mu nkhani iyi udzatuluka pa chilonda ndi mtsinje wofiira wofiira wamphongo wofiira. Kuletsa magazi oterewa, muyenera kuyika bandage. Kuti muchite izi, pamabotage, mwachitsanzo ku bandage, mugwiritseni ntchito yokulungira pamanja pamtengo wapatali, kumangiriza kapena kuumitsa mwamphamvu. Gwiritsidwe kake kangagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi capillary yamphamvu ndi kutuluka m'magazi ang'onoang'ono.
Kuchetsa magazi kumayambitsa kuvulaza koopsa. Pachifukwa ichi, magazi ofiira owala kwambiri amawomba kuchokera pachilonda ndi mtsinje wozungulira. Perekani chithandizo chamankhwala ngati mutha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha mwamsanga, chifukwa pali ngozi yeniyeni yoti munthu adzafa chifukwa cha kutayika kwa magazi. Pofuna kuimitsa magazi, nkofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zofufuzira pamwamba pa malo ovulaza, koma pafupi ndi chilonda ngati n'kotheka. Ngati simukukhala ndi dalaivala yapadera ya mankhwala anu, mapiritsi a amayi a kapron kapena masitomala amatha kugwira ntchitoyo. Ndikofunika kufinya mitsempha yokhayokha kuti imire magazi, osati amphamvu komanso osafooka. Ndipo kumbukirani kuti pambuyo pa theka limodzi ndi theka - maola awiri (ndi kuzizira ola limodzi), zofufuzira ziyenera kuchotsedwa kwa theka la miniti kapena miniti kuti mupewe necrosis wa minofu. Ndiyeno mukhoza kuzigwiritsanso ntchito, koma ndizowonjezereka kuposa zomwe zapitazo. Komabe, mwazi wamagazi kwambiri, izi sizikuyenera kuti zichitike, chifukwa masekondi ena ochepa akhoza kuwononga moyo wa munthu.
Thandizo loyambirira pakakhala zovulaza
Tsoka ilo, nthawizina anthu amaiwala kuti makina ena opanga, zipangizo zowopsa mu famu zimafuna chidwi chapadera pakuzigwira. Ndipo nthawi zina zotsatira za kusanyalanyaza kungakhale kudula gawo la thupi: phalala la chala, kapena manja kapena mapazi. Ndi mankhwala a masiku ano ndi opaleshoni, mungathe kudula thupi lanu. Kuti izi zitheke, chithandizo chamankhwala chiyenera kuperekedwa nthawi. Choyamba, tiyenera kuyitana ambulansi yomweyo. Chachiwiri, yikani mwamsanga kuchotsa gawo la thupi mu thumba la pulasitiki, kenaka mulowe mu thumba lina, ndi ayezi. Sambani bala ndi madzi ozizira ndi bandage mwamphamvu ndi bandage wosabala kapena nsalu. Zovala zoyenera za kuvala zimatha kupezeka ndi kuvala nsalu ndi chitsulo chotentha. Kupambana kwina kumadalira momwe mukugwa msanga m'manja mwa microsurgeons.
Nthawi zina chilondacho chitaipitsidwa, mwachitsanzo, ngati mwavulala, ndikufalikira duwa kapena kupalesanso mabedi, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito madokotala a madokotala. M'dzikoli mumakhala tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a tetanasi, ndipo wina sayenera kunyalanyaza mdani wa munthu uyu. Pokhala osamala kwambiri, madokotala akulangizidwa kuti apite ku chipinda chodzidzimutsa kuti apange opaleshoni ya katemera ndi katemera wa tetanasi. Popeza matendawa ndi oopsa, ali ndi zotsatira zoopsa, ndipo mankhwalawa ndi ovuta kwambiri. Tikhoza kukumbukira kuti nthawi zina zimakhala zowawa pakulonda ndipo zimakhala zowawa kwambiri.
Ngati chilonda chanu chimayamba chifukwa cha kuluma kwa nyama (makamaka osadziwika), ndiye kuti iyenera kusambitsidwa ndi sopo ndi madzi, makamaka ndi sopo ya banja. Ndalama zomwe zili m'katizi zimapha anyamata achiwembu. Matendawa ndi owopsa komanso osachiritsika, choncho m'mayesero oterowo ndi ofunika kulumikizana ndi chipinda chodzidzimutsa. Ndipo adokotala adzasankha ngati mukufuna katemera.
Chithandizo choyamba cha kuyatsa
Chowotcha, mwinamwake, simukusowa kufotokozera aliyense. Koma malamulo a thandizo loyamba la zamankhwala amakumbukira. Kumbukirani kuti kuyatsa moto sikutanthauza zomwe mukufunikira, mukhoza kuwonjezera kalasi yachiwiri kuchokera ku chiwonongeko cha ma digita 1 (redness ndi kutupa pang'ono). Monga lamulo, nthawi zambiri timakumana ndi madigiri awiriwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndi khungu laling'ono lopsa, ndikwanira kugwira gawo lotsegula la thupi pansi pa madzi ozizira. Kupweteka kumathandiza kuchepetsa zitini zamadzimadzi ndi chithovu. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mowa 70% kapena malo amodzi otentha. Malo obwezeretsedwa ayenera kupukutidwa ndi ubweya wa thonje womwe umagwidwa mu imodzi mwa zakumwazi. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri pamapeto a vodka wamba. Njira yomweyi idzakuthandizani ngati mutenthedwa dzuŵa.
Kutentha kwachiwiri kumayambanso kumwa mowa. Pambuyo pake, ikani bandeji wosabala pamwamba. Palibe ming'alu yomwe inapangidwira ayi! Matenda amatha kulowa m'londa. Ngati mwatsoka munakumana ndi zilonda za III - IV, dziwani kuti thandizo lanu liyenera kukhala lokha pokhapokha mutatchula "First Aid" ndikuika bandage wosabala. Simungathe kuchotsa zidutswa za zovala kuchokera pachilonda, zingathe kudulidwa pamalire a moto. Bandage iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji pa iwo.
Mukamawotcha, musaiwale kuti kuopsa kwa mkhalidwewu kumadalira kukula kwa thupi lomwe lawonongeka. Powonongeka kwakukulu, kutentha kulikonse kumayambitsa matenda akuluakulu - kuchokera kuwopsya mpaka ku toxemia (poizitsa thupi ndi mankhwala opweteka a minofu).
Chithandizo choyamba ngati sakudziwa
M'zaka zam'mbuyomu amayi ndi amayi ochokera kumtunda wapamwamba anali okonda kugwa pansi pa mwayi uliwonse. Kotero, iwo ankanyamula nawo, limodzi ndi zida zonse zofunikira zazimayi, mabotolo ndi kununkhira mchere. Ife, lero, tili kutali kwambiri, ndipo sitimvekanso ma corsets. Koma ayi, ayi, ndipo zimachitika powona mmene mayi wamng'ono amakhalira pansi. Kapena mtsikana amene wasankha kuti adzipe njala, koma samatola makilogalamu, amatha kuzindikira.
Zomwe zingayambitse syncope, pali misa. Uku ndikutembenuka kwakukulu kuchokera ku malo osakanikirana kupita kuwoneka, kupweteka kwa kutentha, kupweteka koopsa, chisangalalo chachiwawa, mantha. Musaganize kuti kutayika kwa chidziwitso ndi chinthu chosafunikira. Pa kugwa, mukhoza kuvulala kosiyanasiyana. Kutaya nthawi zambiri kumakhala mphindi imodzi kapena ziwiri. Panthawiyi, m'pofunika kukhala ndi nthawi yopereka chithandizo choyamba.
Munthu yemwe wataya chidziwitso ayenera kuikidwa. Zili zoonekeratu kuti tikufuna kukonzekera munthu kukhala womasuka, koma palibe chomwe tingachiike mu nkhaniyi sikofunikira. M'malo mwake, mutu uyenera kuponyedwa mmbuyo. Zingakhale zothandiza ammonia muzochitika zoterezi. Zikhoza kusinthidwa ndi vinyo wosasa kapena kansalu. Perekani fungo losapanga la ubweya wa thonje, wothira limodzi ndi ndalama izi, mafuta ndi mowa. Kutaya chidziwitso kumakhala chifukwa chokwanira magazi ku ubongo. Choncho, popereka chithandizo chamankhwala kwa munthu amene akufooka, kotero kuti magazi akukwera kumutu, muyenera kukweza miyendo yanu. Kufooketsa mphamvu zonse zopuma mpweya ndi zibwenzi, kufalitsa onse okhudzidwa, akusonkhana kuti ayang'ane kuti asasokoneze kupeza mpweya watsopano. Ku chifuwa ndi nkhope zimathandiza kuyika thaulo loponyedwa m'madzi ozizira. Munthu atatha kuzindikira, ndi bwino kumupatsa munthu khofi kapena tiyi.
Ziribe kanthu momwe chilakolako chofulumira chithandizo choyamba chithandizo choyamba chikuyendera, muyenera kuyamba kutchula ambulansi kapena kuitana dokotala. Ndi chithandizo chamankhwala choyamba, chinthu chofunikira sikumapweteka wodwalayo ngakhale. Choncho, kuthandizira, munthu ayenera kukhala wotsimikiza kuti zomwe akuchitazo ndi zolondola komanso osayesa thanzi. Musayambe njira zatsopano zomwe sayansi sidziwika.