Ndibwino bwanji kuti muphunzire kuwerenga mwanayo?

Kodi n'zotheka kuphunzitsa mwana zaka 2-3 kuti awerenge? Funso limeneli nthawi zambiri limamveka kuchokera kwa makolo. Zingakhale zabwino kufunsa mu yankho: "Nanga ndi chiyani chomwe mukufuna kuti muwerenge kuwerenga mwana wazaka ziwiri? Chokhacho kuti asonyeze luso lake kwa odziwa nawo? ". "Koma anaphunzira makalata mwiniwake. Kotero, iye ali nacho chosowa cha ichi, "makolo angatsutse. Inde, chidziwitso cha chidziwitso ndi chizindikiro cha nthawi yathu, ndipo mwanayo amadziona yekha.

Pali lingaliro lakuti mwanayo ayamba kutulutsa chitukuko cha anzako, ngati ataphunzira kuwerenga msanga. Ichi ndi chinyengo. Zaka zingapo zapitazo zingakhale zovuta kukambirana pa nkhaniyi. Kafufuzidwe kameneka ndi cholinga chophunzira zonse zomwe ana ang'ono omwe akufuna kuti athandizidwe. Makamaka, asayansi anali ndi chidwi ndi zochitika za m'maganizo za ndondomeko yowonetsera makalata ndi zina za kuwerenga ndi kulemba. Chimene mwana amapeza pambuyo pake, mwinamwake, kutaya, kuphunzira kuwerenga ndi kulemba ali wamng'ono kwambiri.
Pa ntchitoyi zinaonekeratu kuti mwanayo ali ndi zaka ziwiri mwiniwake, ie. popanda anthu akuluakulu, simungathe kuphunzira makalata! Ngakhale chidwi cholingalira "zochitika" zosavuta kwambiri - makalata owonetsedwa pa cubes, lotto kapena toyese, sakufuna kuwakumbukira. Kukumbukila kumayamba munthu wamkulu atayamba kutchula makalatawo, kenako amawabwerezabwereza tsiku ndi tsiku, kupeza mndandanda wa makalata m'zinthu zozungulira: "o" - kuzungulira, nkhosa; "U" - chitoliro, chitoliro, ndi zina zotero.
Patapita nthawi, ana amayamba "kupeza" makalata. Kostik (zaka ziwiri ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi), ndikuyang'ana phokoso limene mayi anga analikutsuka pansi, adafuula kuti: "T, t, t!". Poyamba mayi wosokonezekayo sanamvetse zomwe akufuna kunena, kenako anaganiza - mwanayo anazindikira ndondomeko ya kalatayo "t" podula.
Mofananamo, ana amawona kalata "n" m'bwalo la pabwalo; Chingwe chotambasula pakati pa zipilala ziwiri ndilo "n". Ndipo Olenka (zaka ziwiri ndi miyezi 8) anayamba kupeza mndandanda wa makalata ngakhale ... mu magawo ake a mkate.
Makalata oyambirira awiri kapena atatu mwanayo amakumbukira, poganizira zofuna zina, kenako amaganiza kuti fano lomwe akulingalira likuyenera kukhala nalo dzina, monga chithunzi chilichonse - cork, galu, mphaka. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, makolo ambiri adazindikira, akuyamba kufuna kuti anthu akulu ayitane kalata yachilendo. Koma mwana wamng'ono samakhudzidwa ndi chikhumbo chophunzira kuwerenga. Iye "amayankha" ku chinthu-chilembo, osati kuwonetsera kwapadera kwa phokoso la chinenero cha chibadwidwe, chinthu cha mawu osindikizidwa. Pozindikira kalata ngati chinthu, mwanayo amakumbukira dzina lake mofanana ndi mayina a zinthu zomwe zili pambali pake. Choncho, mofulumira ana amakumbukira makalata opangira makanda m'njira yomweyo, monga maina a zidole, masewera a nthano, anthu apamtima. Pambuyo pake, mwanayo amayamba kupeza zilembo zodziwika bwino pa zizindikiro zamalonda, m'mitu ya nyuzipepala. Kafukufuku asayansi asonyeza, kuti ana onse omwe ali ndi zaka 2-3 angathe kukumbukira mosavuta makalata, ndipo zaka 3-3,5 angathe kuphunzira kuwerenga pafupifupi mawu onse.
Ndipo chochitika ichi sichikulolani kuti mupatsire maphunziro oyambirira a kulemba ndi kuwerenga. Chifukwa chiyani? Poopa kuti makolo ayamba kufulumira kuphunzira kuphunzira Chirasha ndikukakamiza mwanayo kuti aziphunzira. Ndi maganizo awa a makolo omwe amachititsa ana kukhala ndi nkhawa zambiri komanso amalepheretsa maphunziro a kulemba ndi kuwerenga.
Mu chipinda mungathe kupachika (pa mlingo wa maso a mwanayo) tebulo ndi makalata kapena positi ali ndi zilembo ndi mayina - ndi okha. Sikoyenera kufunsa kuchokera kwa mwana zomwe si zachilendo kwa msinkhu wake.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kuloweza makalata ndikuwerenga ndizosiyana. Kuwerengera kwa inu sikutchulidwa kwa makalata, koma kuphatikiza kwa mawu ochokera m'makalata omwewo.

Ndichifukwa chake kumayambiriro kuphunzira kuwerenga ndi kulemba kuyenera kuphunzitsidwa mosamala, mwachidwi komanso mpaka mwanayo atakhala ndi chidwi. Ana aang'ono ayenera kusunthira kwambiri, kugwiritsira ntchito zinthu (toyese), kudziunjikira zinthu zokhudzana ndi dziko lozungulira: sankhani zinthu, kuziika, kukhudza, kuponyera ana, mipira, ndi zina. Ntchito yowonjezera ikutsogolera pa siteji iyi. Palibe bukhu, limene ma cubes ndi mipira yomweyi imatengedwera, sichidzalowe m'malo mwa mwanayo ndi chenicheni chenicheni, chinthu choyenderana ndi chilengedwe. Makolo ayenera kudziwa makhalidwe awa aang'ono.

Mwana wa zaka zitatu zoyambirira za moyo akulamulidwa ndi malingaliro othandizira (kuganiza zamaganizo). Maganizo opangira (kusanthula, kufanana, kufanana, kufanana) kumangopangika komanso kumapanga ndondomeko yooneka bwino, mwachitsanzo,. pogwiritsa ntchito mapiramidi, zidole zachinyama, ringlets, zomwe mwana amafutukula, kutsegula ndi kusonkhanitsa; kuyerekeza, kugwiritsa ntchito gawo limodzi ku lina, ndi zina zotero.

"Koma ndi za kuphunzitsa kuwerenga. Kodi kugwirizana ndi chiyani? "- makolo osokonezeka atifunsa. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti ana ang'onoang'ono samadziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito "chiyankhulo cha chinenero chawo," kulemba, kusiyanitsa. Mawu a mwanayo samagwirizana ndi malingaliro azinthu: osati mawu onse mwana angathe kutanthauzira momveka, ambiri a iwo alibe chidziwitso cha chidziwitso china. Mphamvu ya kuganiza kwa mwanayo si mawu, koma zomwe zili, zimayikidwa m'mawu.
Pakalipano, sayansi yatsimikizira kuti chiyambi chachikulu cha kukula kwa luntha la mwana wa zaka zoyambirira za moyo, chitsimikizo chake ndizochita zenizeni zogwira ntchito ndi ziphuphu, mapiramidi, ndi zidole za ana zomwe zimapezeka kwa mwanayo, ndipo pamapeto pake masewera ali ndi chidole ndi zonse zotheka kugwiritsira ntchito masewera. Wasayansi wodziwika bwino m'munda wa ukalamba, Doctor of Biological Sciences А.М. Fonarev adanena kuti pamene akusewera, akuchita, mwanayo amaphunzira nthawi yoyamba kuthetsa mavuto ovuta, popanda izi sangathe kupita ku malo apamwamba omwe amayamba kukhazikitsidwa, zomwe zimayambitsa mitundu yambiri yoganiza, mwachitsanzo, zooneka ngati zooneka bwino (lingaliro). Chifukwa chake, zovuta kwambiri ndipo chifukwa cha izi mosakayikira chidwi chowerengera sichikuwonetsa chitukuko chogwirizana, ndipo ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zovuta zake.
Kuwerenga kuwerenga kuyenera kuperekedwa kwa makolo a ana omwe ali ndi udindo waukulu, chifukwa akugwirizana ndi chitukuko cha zikhalidwe zamtundu wa anthu. Chidziwitso chimenechi si "chosangalatsa", ndi cha moyo ndipo chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa ana a msinkhu uliwonse moyenera.
Inde, kuchokera pa zonse zomwe zanenedweratu, sizikutsatirani konse kuti nkofunikira kuchotsa mabuku kuchokera kwa mwana, kuyesera kusawona zifaniziro m'maso mwake, ndi zina zotero. Muloleni iye akhale ndi zake ndi makapu ali ndi makalata, ndi nthano, ndi zithunzi ndi manambala.
Alo-ngakhale pa pempho lake - mumamutcha makalata ndikuthandizani kuti muwerenge mawu osavuta.
Zina mwazinthu: kuti kale m'chaka chachiwiri cha moyo mwanayo akutsogoleredwa ndi anthu akuluakulu, kujambula, appliqués, ndi kumanga, ndipo adagwirizanitsidwa ndi "ntchito", cholinga chogwira ntchito.
Kukula kwa ntchito ya mwanayo sikungathe kuchepetsedwa mpaka kukumbukira malembo 33 a zilembo ndi zizindikiro 10 zagitoli. Mwa njira, chiwerengero cha mwana chimakumbukira mofanana ndi makalata, chowathandiza: 1 - ndi ndodo, 2 - bakha, 3 - chingwe; 4 - chitseko chokwera; 5 - supuni-cookware; 6 - chovala; 7 - funa; 8 - bun ("plaetochka"); 9 - buluni ya mpweya.
Mu nthawi imeneyi, mtundu wopambana wa ntchito yotukuka ndi masewera. Ndicho chifukwa chake mwana yemwe amadziwa zilembo komanso ngakhale "akuwerenga" mawu osavuta, posachedwa amasiya maphunzirowa, amasintha masewerawo, akuwonetsa akulu kuti kuwerenga koyambirira kuli chabe msonkho.
Ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi zisanu ndi zosavuta kuti ana aphunzire kuwerenga, koma mukhoza kudziwa bwino makalata (kulembedwa kwawo) kwa mwanayo kale zaka 2-3. Koma pa msinkhu uno, monga tanenera kale, mwanayo amalemba makalata. Izi ndi zothandiza. Kuchokera pa kafukufuku mwachiwonekere: pofufuza makalata pa cubes, mapiritsi, mwanayo amakhala ndi malo osokonekera. Asayansi atsimikiza kuti panthawi yopenya diso "amamva" nkhaniyi mofanana ndi momwe manja amadziwira mawonekedwewo, akukhudza pamwamba. Ndicho chifukwa chake ana amasangalatsidwa kwambiri poyang'ana makalata! Ana, omwe anadziwika ndi zikhalidwe za chikhalidwe cha anthu (zilembo, nambala, zolemba, mawonekedwe a zithunzithunzi, zojambula, etc.), pezani zithunzi, mapuzzles, nambala za ndege (mwachitsanzo, "nyumba ya cockerel", "swings for bunnies" ndi ndi zina zotero), sankhani zofanana zojambula (zowonongeka) zithunzi ndi cubes, Ie. Kuchita bwino ntchito zomwe zimawonetseratu zovuta zowonongeka.
Choncho, palinso ndi ubwino poyambitsana mwanayo ndi kalata.

Kodi muyenera kuyambitsa chiyambi cha mwana kuti awerenge ndi kulemba?
Dulani kuchokera pa khadi lakuda kwambiri makalata onse a alfabeti pamwamba pa masentimita 10. Ayenera kukhala amphamvu, kuti mwanayo awatenge mosavuta.
Mum'patse ma vowels oyambirira: "a", "o", "y", "ndi".
Awatchule iwo pang'onopang'ono, pafupifupi kuimba.
Pangani ndalama monga pensulo, yokhazikika, yofanana ndi nkhupakupa. Mu penipeni uyu makalata ali pamunsi ndi kutsekedwa.
Masewerawo akuyamba: mwanayo amatchula kalata yomwe imatsegula diso lake pamene mzerewo umayenda kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja. Izi ndizofunikira, popeza zakhazikitsidwa kuti vuto loyamba lophunzitsa kuŵerenga likugwirizana ndi kulephera kutsatira malingaliro kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja.
Mwanayo akamaphunzira ma vowels (a, o, y, u), adzakhala omasuka kuzindikira ndi kutchula "ah-ah", "y-uy", "i-i-i", "0-0- 0 ", mukhoza kusuntha. Yambani kuwerenga (inde, werengani!). Kuti muchite izi, ikani ma vowels mumasulidwe a syllabic mu vuto la wolamulira: "Io" - kavalo akulira, "June" ndi bulu. N'zoona kuti pachiyambi, kugwiritsira ntchito phokoso limodzi liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye lachiwiri. Mwanayo ayenera kuphunzira kutchula kalata yomwe imatsegulidwa. Zonsezi zimakhala zivundikiro, kotero oyamba amatha "kuyenda" mwachiwiri, Ndipo mwanayo amawerenga, popanda zovuta, pambuyo pa wamkulu, "ngati hatchi kapena bulu akufuula." Mofananamo, werengani mawu oti "ay".
Tanthauzani mosamalitsa wolamulirayo, poyang'ana makalata omwe akuwonekera: "ah-ah-ah-uu-uu." Kenaka perekani zambiri: msungwanayo (mnyamata) amasewera ndikufunafuna ndi amayi ake kapena akuyenda m'nkhalango. Choncho, monga masewero, mwanayo amafunika kuuzidwa kuti uthenga wina umaperekedwa mothandizidwa ndi makalata.
Kukula kwa consonants kumayamba pang'onopang'ono.
Poyamba, "m", "p", "b", ndiye "t", "d", "c", "d".
Perekani mwanayo kalata m'dzanja lake ndipo nenani phokoso limene limasonyeza (ndilokha!).
Tsopano, mothandizidwa ndi wolamulira wa pensulo ndi pensulo, mukhoza kuyamba kuwuza mwana wanu kuti atseke:
"Av" (amatsutsa galu), "am" (galu akumbira kuti adye).
Musamufulumize mwanayu, kumbukirani kuti mukusewera naye, kuphatikizapo zochita ndi chongerezi muwonetsero. Lonjezerani masewera olimbikitsa machitidwe, kuphatikizapo ndi "kuphunzira".
Ngati mayendedwe omwe atchulidwa pamwambawa apambana, mukhoza kupita ku zotsatirazi.
Sinthani makalata a ana asanamve m'magulu: "av" - "va"; "Am" - "ma"; "" "" "" "Ndi", ndi zina zotero.
Kenaka, ndikuyendetsa mzere kupyolera pamlandu wa pensulo kuyambira kumanzere kupita kumanja, pemphani kuti adziwe makalata owonekera.
Ichi ndicho chiyambi cha kukula kwa lamuloli. Kwa zaka Z zaka ndizokwanira.
Kukhala ndi mwayi wodziwa kuwerenga ndi kulemba kumayambiriro kwa zaka zimatsimikiziridwa ndi asayansi achikulire ndi achilendo. Njira zamakono zakhazikitsidwa. Ku Russia, zabwino kwambiri mwa njirazi ndi njira ya N. Zaitsev, koma imafuna kuphunzitsa wapadera munthu wamkulu. Tinapereka mfundo zomveka bwino.