Kwa nthawi yayitali, mankhwala adakhulupirira kuti zotupa zowononga m'mimba sizinapweteke, koma tsopano zimadziwika kuti izi siziri chomwecho, monga momwe zinadziwika pa zochitika ngati matenda otupa amayamba kukhala oipa. Ngakhale panopo, palibe ndondomeko yeniyeni yokhudza mitundu yambiri ya matenda omwe angayambitse chitukuko cha khansara, ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimapangitsa kuti izi, komanso chifukwa chake izi zimachitika. Izi zatsimikiziranso kuti mitundu ina ya matenda oopsa akhoza kuthana ndi chithunzithunzi cha khansa ndikuwonjezera kuopsa kwa maonekedwe ake.
Maselo omwe amapanga chotupa chochititsa manyazi amachititsa kusamvana kugawanika ndi kukula mofulumira. Ziphuphuzi zimatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku minofu iliyonse ya thupi, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku minofu, matenda a epithelial, minofu yogwirizana. Iwo amachiritsidwa bwino, kubwereranso kumachitika kokha ngati, chifukwa chake, chotupa sichinapezeke nthawi kapena chithandizo sichinali panthawi yake ndipo chotupacho chinayamba.
Mitundu ya zilonda za m'mawere
Kusamala ndi dzina la mitundu khumi ndi iwiri ya matenda a m'mawere omwe ali ofanana m'njira zina. Igawanika kukhala yosiyana ndi yotchedwa nodal. Gulu la nkhono limaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zotupa monga cysts, lipoma, fibroadenoma, intraprostatic papilloma. Kusamala kumatha kupezeka kwa amayi a msinkhu wonse, gawo lalikulu la odwala ali m'zaka za zaka makumi atatu mpaka makumi asanu. Cholinga cha kukula kwa zotupa chimaonedwa kuti ndi kuphwanya mphamvu ya mahomoni. Zizindikiro za zotupa zimakula kwambiri musanapite kusamba ndi kuchepa pambuyo. Mitundu yonse ya zotupa imachizidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Fibroadenoma ndi chotupa cha m'mawere. Amakula pang'onopang'ono, momveka bwino, nthawi zambiri imakhala yambiri. Zikuwoneka ngati mpira wosuntha. Ikhoza kukula ndi kuvulala pamtima ndi kusemphana kwa mahomoni. Amadziwika ndi ultrasound ndi mammography. Chithandizo chikuchitidwa opaleshoni.
Mapilloma otuluka mkati ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yodalirika. Ndi zotupa zowonongeka zomwe zimachitika m'dera la mazira a mammary glands. Zitha kuyamba pa msinkhu uliwonse, zimapezeka ndi zovuta komanso zopweteka kwambiri m'chifuwa ndi kutuluka mumphuno pamene zimapangidwira (kutuluka kumakhala koyera, kozizira komanso kobiriwira). Chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake ndi kuphwanya mphamvu yamadzimadzi. Angakhale amodzi kapena angapo. Pofuna kuthandizira kupeza matendawa, kutsegula, kutulutsa mafilimu, kutsogolo kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'matope a mkaka. Chithandizo chikuchitidwa mwamsanga.
Mphuno ya mammary ndi mtundu wa chifuwa chofewa. Chotupa ichi chadzaza ndi chigawo cha madzi ndipo ndi matenda omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala. Zimapangidwa pamene dongosolo la kutuluka kwa chitetezo cha mammary gland kuwonongeka kotero kuti chimbudzi chimapezeka pamene madzi amatha. Zizindikiro za chotupachi ndizochepa kwambiri, ndizotheka kuzipeza patangotha kafukufuku wambiri. Mtundu wa chithandizo umasankhidwa malingana ndi kukula kwa cyst.
Lipoma ndi zotupa zowonongeka, zomwe sizodziwika kwambiri. Amakhala ndi minofu yambiri, imakula pang'onopang'ono. Zizindikiro za ululu siziripo, komanso ena onse. Nthawi zambiri, zimatha kulowa mu sarcoma. Ali ndi mawonekedwe angapo, omwe opaleshoni amachitidwa opaleshoni.
Kuopsa kokhala ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha bere m'chiberekero, malinga ndi zomwe zaposachedwapa, zimatha kufika makumi asanu ndi limodzi peresenti. Sikuti chotupa chilichonse choyipa chimayambitsa maonekedwe a khansara, koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mankhwala amakono sakudziwa chifukwa chake pali zilonda zopweteka komanso zosaopsa ndipo alibe chidziwitso chodziwika bwino chokhudza kuti zotupa zowonongeka zingakhale zotupa zotani.