Mata Hari - spy kapena wachibale?

Mata Hari (Margaret Gertrude Zelle) ndi dancer wotchuka, mfumukazi ya burlesque, chizindikiro cha kugonana chazaka zoyambirira za makumi awiri, spy ndi mkazi wowonongeka. Zina zonsezi zimatchulidwa ndi mayi wamba yemwe sanafune kukhala ndi moyo wa imvi, kulera ana ndi famu, ankafuna kudziwika, ndalama zambiri, okondeka kwambiri ndipo adatha kugonjetsa Ulaya ndi masewera ake ovuta panthawiyo.


Kotero, nyenyezi yamtsogolo inabadwa mu chidole chachizolowezi cha fakitale ya banja. Msungwanayo adaphunzira bwino kusukulu, koma kuphunzira kwake ndi nthawi kunasiya chidwi. Mata adakula, moyo wa m'banja unayamba kumukhumudwitsa ndikuchotsa chisamaliro cha banja, mtsikanayo adasankha kukhala wodziimira yekha, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yovomerezeka yothetsera ukwati (m'nyuzipepalayi adapeza kulengeza kuti mkulu wa asilikali a Dutch, Rudolf McLeod, akufunafuna mnzake wa moyo ndipo ali kale mu 1895 anamkwatira iye ali ndi zaka 18).

Mnyamata wina ndi mwamuna wake anapita ku chilumba cha Java ku Indonesia (panthawiyo chilumba ichi chinali chilumba cha Netherlands). Poyambirira, msungwanayo ankakonda moyo wa banja, koma mwamsanga anakhumudwa naye. Pa nthawi ya ukwati wake, Amayi ankakonda kupita ndi mwamuna wake kukalamulira maudindo ndi kuvina pamaso pa olemekezeka, mwamuna wake, mwachibadwa, sanakonde kwambiri ndipo chifukwa chake, banjali litasudzulana kale mu 1903.

Hari yamusiya mwanayo kwa mwamuna wake, ndipo popanda ndalama ndi maphunziro iye anapita kukagonjetsa Paris. Mata anamusiya mwamuna wake, chifukwa anam'menya, adamwa ndikudzudzula mavuto ake onse.

Paris wazaka zoyambirira za makumi awiri mphambu makumi asanu ndi awiri ankakonda kummawa ndi chirichonse chogwirizana nacho. Wopikisana ndi Hari anaganiza zovina, chifukwa pa nthawi ya ukwati wake adaphunzira masewera a Indonesian ndipo adawakonda. Atayang'ana nambala ya kuvina ya Isadora Duncan, yemwe anali wotchuka kwambiri wotchuka pa nthawiyo, Hari anasankha yekha kuti m'tsogolomu adzapanga masewera a mkate.

Pasanathe zaka ziwiri, adalipidwa ndi dziko lonse la Paris. Ndi malingaliro ake iye ankayenda malo abwino owonetsera ku Ulaya. Ntchito yake inayamba ndi kuvina, ndipo inathera ndi striptease, kotero n'zosadabwitsa kuti m'mayiko ovomerezeka a ku Ulaya machitidwe ake anali otchuka kwambiri, chifukwa ochepa chabe ovinawo adatchulidwa pa siteji.

Mata anali mkazi wanzeru, chifukwa asanayambe kulankhula, anapanga dzina lotchulidwira, ankasokoneza zabodza zokhudza iyemwini, komanso ankaganiza za mapulani ndi zovala zomwe adachita. Hari inali ndi chifuwa chazing'ono, choncho panthawi yomwe ankagwira ntchitoyo, iye sanamudziwe, koma anamubisa pansi pa zokongoletsera.

Mata Hari okondedwa amuna, ndipo iwo anamupembedza iye. Iye anasintha okonda ngati magolovesi, iye anafunsidwa ndi mphatso zomwe zinali zofunika kwambiri, chifukwa cha iye iwo anawonongeka, koma iye sanali chidwi chifukwa iye ankakonda amuna osiyanasiyana. Hari padera inatenga ndalama kuchokera kwa amuna kuti azitumikira mwachikondi. Pambuyo pake, pa mlandu wa azondi, adavomereza kuti anali woyimilidwa kwambiri ndi ntchito yakale, koma osati azondi.

Amuna olemera omwe amamukonda ngati osaka amakondwera ndi mpikisano, ndipo nthawi zambiri mkaziyu nayenso anali kufunafuna zibwenzi ndi mwamuna yemwe ankamukonda ndipo kenako chibwenzicho chinangokhalapo malinga ndi momwe iye amachitira. Mndandandanda wa okondedwa ake munali olamulira onse a ku France, komanso mabanki ambiri akunja.

Mata Hari anali wachikulire kwambiri komanso wofunidwa kwambiri, ngakhale kuti anali kutali kwambiri ndi chitsanzo cha nthawi yake. Monga tikuonera, iye sanasowe amuna omwe anamufunsa ndalama ndi mphatso, koma ankakonda kukhala ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso masewera, choncho ngakhale kuti anali ndi ndalama zambiri, nthawi zambiri ankataya ndi kuwakongola, kotero mkazi uyu nthawizonse anali kufunafuna ndalama.

Panthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, iye adagwira ntchito ngati azondi (kuyambira nthawi ya nkhondo sakanatha kupereka ndemanga ndipo ntchito yake ya danse inafika pamapeto, koma amunawo anapitirizabe kukondweretsedwa ndi mkazi uyu), adatha kugwira ntchito mwamsanga kuti adziwe (French ndi German). Nkhondo Yoyamba Padziko Lonse itayamba, Mata Hari anali paulendo ndi Germany ndipo analephera kubwerera ku Paris. Apa anazindikira kuti sakanatha kupeza masewera ndipo anayamba kuyang'ana njira zina zopezera. Panthawiyi, Hari anayamba kukondana kwambiri ndi asilikali ake a ku Russia dzina lake Vadim Maslov, ndipo anayamba kumenyana ndi France. Mnyamata uja adaganiza zopita ku Maslov, yemwe anali atagona pangozi m'chipatala, koma kuti amuwone, ankafunika kupita usilikali wochokera ku French intelligence.

Afilosofi a ku France akhala akukayikira kuti mayiyu ndi wamatsenga komanso atapatsidwa chiwongolero. Komabe, Mata sanawoneke kuti anali azondi ndipo akuluakulu a zida za ku France anamuuza kuti adye chakudya, pomwe adafunsidwa kuti ayambe ntchito zotsutsa dziko la France. Hari anavomera ndipo anapempha kuti athandize ma franc milioni, koma adaperekedwa yekha 25,000 kwa wothandizidwa aliyense wa ku Germany ku France.

Manja a Mata ali ndi azondi amodzi ndipo posachedwa achoka ku Madrid. Dziko la Spain panthawiyo linali lolowerera ndale ndipo mayiko ambiri anali kuchita zozizwitsa zawo. Atapanda kulandira chidziwitso chilichonse kuchokera ku chidziwitso cha German kapena French, adayamba njira zina kuti apereke chinsinsi kwa mayiko awiriwo, adalandira kuchokera kwa okondedwa ake apamwamba ku Spain, omwe iye, monga amadziwika, anali ndi mbali ziwiri zotsutsana.

Chododometsa cha ntchito yake yamatsenga ku Madrid chinali chakuti Ajeremani ndi French adamupatsa iye modziwa uthenga umene kale unali wodziwika kwa aliyense. Zotsatira zake, onse a Germany ndi a France anayamba kuyang'ana njira yowonongera spy opanda ntchito.

M'nyengo yozizira ya 1917 Mata Hari akubwerera ku Paris, koma kenako amamangidwa ndi kuyamba kuweruza, akuimba mlandu azondi pa Germany. Poyambirira sagwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti adaimbidwa mlandu, koma pambuyo pake adavomereza kuti adatenga ndalama kuchokera kwa azondi achi Germany, akukangana kuti alibe chokwanira cha ubweya.

Makina osindikizira a ku France, omwe ankakonda kumusangalatsa, anayamba kusakaniza dzina lake ndi dothi pamapepala omwe anakhetsedwa. Khotilo linagamula Mata Hari kuti aphedwe, ndipo palibe mmodzi wa akuluakulu apamwamba omwe adamuyimira. Ziribe kanthu momwe woimba wake wa zamalamulo ankayesera, Hari sanakhululukidwe. Asanamwalire, adalembera kalata mwamuna ndi mwana wake wamkazi makalata awiri, koma sanawafikire, ndipo makalata ake onse adatumizidwa kundende ya ndende. October 15, adaphedwa. Thupi la danse silidapemphedwa ndi aliyense wa achibale awo, kotero mtsogolo idagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamatomu.

Pambuyo pa imfa yake kwa zaka zoposa 10, mikangano yowona kuti iye anali spy sizinathe ndipo kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1930, adalengeza kuti Mata Hari adatumizidwa mu 1915 ndipo adalandira maphunziro ochepa. Zikuoneka kuti nthawi imodzi adatumizira maulendo awiri ndipo adasokonezedwa ndi masewera a magulu awiriwa, chifukwa deta yomwe anapeza inali yopanda phindu.