Mpaka pano, akatswiri akhala akudziŵa zokwanira za zotsatira zovuta za mankhwala pa chitukuko cha mwana wamwamuna ndi mwana wakhanda. Mankhwala oopsa kwambiri omwe amachititsa kuti thupi likhale lopweteka kwambiri.
Mankhwala omwe amatsutsana pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba akhoza kuthandizira nthawi iliyonse yomwe ali ndi mimba, koma zowonjezereka zowonjezereka zimapezeka poyang'ana zotsatira za mankhwala m'nthawi ya organogenis (kuyambira masiku 18 mpaka 55) komanso panthawi ya kukula kwa ubwana ndi kukula (patadutsa masiku asanu ndi awiri) .
Zomwe timadandaula nazo, chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi zovuta kufotokoza, pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso, zomwe zimapezeka pa zinyama. Mwachitsanzo, hypnotic thalidomide ndi malo enieni, ndipo nthawi yoyenera mankhwalawa amatchulidwa kwa amayi apakati padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipotu pamayesero a zinyama zowononga zinyama sizinawululidwe.
Mwa zina, kuzindikira kwa mavutowa a mankhwala ozunguza bongo kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ndi chibadwa cha fetal anomalies chomwe chikugwirizana ndi zifukwa zina (uchidakwa, chilengedwe, matenda opatsirana, ndi zina zotero).
Pali mankhwala ambiri omwe angakhale oopsa kuchokera ku malo owonera matatogeni, ndipo zotsatira zake zimawonekera ngati pali zifukwa zabwino. Choncho, polemba mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa amayi pa nthawi yobereka, m'pofunika kufufuza zoopsa zomwe zilipo ndikugwirizanitsa ndi phindu logwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa panthawi yoyembekezera. Nkofunikanso kupeleka kutenga mimba ngati mankhwala omwe ali ndi mankhwala oterewa akulamulidwa.
Malingana ndi zotsatira za chidziwitso chomwe chinaperekedwa pambuyo pa kuyesedwa kwa anthu makamaka makamaka pa zinyama, mankhwala masiku ano amagawidwa malinga ndi kukula kwa chiopsezo kwa mwana wamtsogolo m'mayiko ena (Australia, USA). Mankhwala amagawidwa m'magulu kuchokera ku A, omwe ali otetezeka, mpaka ku D, omwe ali owopsa kulamula pamene ali ndi mimba.
Komanso gulu X limapatsidwa - mankhwalawa amatsutsana kwambiri ndi amayi apakati. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti chiopsezo chochokera ku ntchitoyi ndi chachikulu kwambiri kusiyana ndi phindu chifukwa cha mankhwala ocheperapo.
Mndandanda wa mankhwala kuchokera m'gulu X:
- antidepressants;
- kulandira mankhwala;
- antihypertensives (chlorothiazide, reserpine);
- mankhwala enaake (tetracycline, streptomycin);
- vitamini A, ngati mlingo woposa 10,000 UU patsiku;
- analgesics (indomethacin, aspirin).
Zotsutsana ndizotsatira mankhwalawa:
- zina za katemera (ngakhale kuvulazidwa pogwiritsa ntchito katemera pa mimba sikutsimikiziridwa);
- mankhwala omwe amachititsa zotsatira, ndipo amalembedwa ndi dokotala pokhapokha ngati kuli kofunika kwa thanzi la mayi wapakati;
- Kusanthula mosakayika kukonzekera (chiopsezo chotsatira pamagwiritsidwe ntchito sichitsimikiziridwa, komanso sichikanatsutsidwa).
Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mkazi sangagwiritse ntchito mankhwala pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba, komanso mankhwala ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, buluu, amayi ndi amayi opeza, comfrey, magnolia, juniper, stekhnia, ndi zina zotero.
Musanayambe kumwa mankhwalawa, mayi wapakati ayenera kuphunzira mosamala mawuwa, chifukwa amasonyeza ngati n'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa panthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba komanso panthawi yopuma. Kuti mukhale odalirika, mukhoza kukaonana ndi katswiri.
Pofotokoza mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndikudziwitsa mlingo, dokotala ayenera kulingalira osati zotsatira zokha pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba, komanso zotsatira za mimba chifukwa cha mankhwala. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti panthawi yomwe mimba imasintha mu kuyamwa, kufalitsa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kuonjezera apo, panthawi yoyembekezera, mapuloteni ambiri amasintha, kuchulukitsa kwa madzi akumwa, m'kati mwachitatu ndikusintha ntchito ya impso ndi chiwindi, ndipo amachitapo kanthu pokonza ndi kuchotsa mankhwala.
Kuvomereza ndalama zotsutsana ndizoyenera kuimitsidwa panthaŵi ya kukonza mimba, kwa amayi ndi abambo. Pamene mimba imapezeka, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa: tsatirani malangizo a dokotala ndipo samalani ndi mankhwala osamalidwa.