Mkaka, mazira ndi nsomba zimapangitsa kuti 90% mwa ana omwe ali ndi zaka zosakwana chaka chimodzi azisokonezeka. Mazira - omwe amafala kwambiri kwa ana omwe ali ndi zaka 1-2. Kodi ndi chithandizo chotani chomwe chimapatsa mwana chakudya chokwanira, fufuzani mu mutu wakuti "Chakudya cha ana, zizindikiro."
Choyamba Chothandizira
- Kupewa zakudya zowonongeka kumafunika kuyamba mwana atangobereka kumene. Malingana ndi World Health Organization (WHO), kuyamwa kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, makamaka kwa ana omwe amabadwa osachepera 2.5 makilogalamu. Pambuyo pake zimathandizanso kuti nyama, masamba a zamasamba ndi timadziti tiyambe kuyamwa, ndipo kuyambira ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yonjezerani zincini ndi zincino pa mlingo wa 1 mg pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwake.
- Malingaliro kwa ana omwe ali ndi chifuwa cha zakudya nthawi zambiri amakhala abwino. Kuwopsa kwa ana kwa mkaka kapena mazira kumapita zaka zitatu. Koma kuyambira ali ndi zaka 2, mndandanda wa zowonjezera zowonjezera mankhwala wakhala wochuluka. Ambiri mwa iwo - nsomba, nyemba, mtedza, zipatso (zouma ndi zatsopano), nsomba.
Zakudya zimatsitsimula
Pakalipano, pali zakudya zopitirira 170 zomwe zingayambitse vutoli. Ndizosatheka kukana zonse mwakamodzi chifukwa cha zifukwa zomveka, choncho zimatsata zotsatizana ndi zoopsa, zomwe zimatchedwa zazikulu zisanu ndi zitatu, - mkaka wa ng'ombe, mazira, mtedza, zipatso zouma, nsomba, nsomba, soya ndi tirigu. Zakudya 90% zamagulu zowonongeka zimayambitsidwa ndi mankhwala ochokera ku gulu lino. Nthendayi imayambanso ndi mbewu (mpendadzuwa, sesame), kuphatikizapo zowonjezera ndi zoteteza. Kuwopsa kwa mankhwala ndi chifukwa cholakwika mu chitetezo cha mthupi, chomwe chimawona zakudya zinazake zowopsa kuti zikhale zoopsa. Pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chitenga kuti mankhwala ena ali owopsa, amapanga mankhwala. Nthawi yotsatira mukamadya mankhwala omwewo, chitetezo cha mthupi chimatulutsa mankhwala ambiri, kuphatikizapo histamine, kuteteza thupi. Zinthu zimenezi zimayambitsa zizindikiro zowononga, zimakhudza dongosolo la kupuma, magawo a m'mimba, khungu, mitsempha ya mtima. Zochita zowonongeka zowona kuti chakudya chimakhala ndi kutenga mbali zitatu zigawo zikuluzikulu:
- An allergen, ndiko kuti, chinthu (pafupifupi nthawi zonse mapuloteni) omwe ali mu chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo amachititsa kuti anthu asamayende bwino.
- Matenda a immunoglobulin (omwe ali ndi vutoli), ndiko kuti, molekyulu mu chitetezo cha chitetezo cha mthupi chomwe chikugwirizana ndi maonekedwe a allergen.
- Mast maselo (maselo akuluakulu) ndi basophils (maselo a magazi) omwe amakumana ndi anti-IgE amathandizira kutulutsidwa kwa histamine ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.
Zomwe zimachititsa kuti zakudya zisamayende bwino ndizochepa. Koma nthawi zina, zimakhala zachiwawa - anaphylactic shock. Zingakhale zoopsa, popeza zili ndi ziwalo zosiyana siyana za thupi zimakhala zosawonongeka panthawi yomweyo: mwachitsanzo, urticaria, kupweteka kwa mmero, kupuma kovuta. Pofuna kulandira zakudya zowonjezera zakudya, amafunika kuchotsa pa zakudya zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ayambe kuchita. Zochita zowonongeka kapena zowonongeka sizilipobe (mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya chifuwa). Tsopano tikudziwa zomwe zizindikiro za zakudya zowonongeka kwa ana.