Malo oyenera kumakhala pansi pa mthunzi wa organic kapena wosasunthika, woyeretsedwa ndi boma la namsongole pamtunda wa mita imodzi kuchokera pamzere wa mzere (thunthu). Malo otsala pakati pa madzi angagwiritsidwe ntchito pomanga masamba mbewu, mbatata kapena maphutsi a pansi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa bwino fruiting mitengo. M'zaka zotsatira, malo otetezera (barbel mkwingwirima) kumalo ozungulira a korona ali mu dziko losauka la namsongole.
M'chaka choyamba, palibe feteleza yowonjezera yowonjezera. Ngati mtengo m'nyengo yachilimwe sunagwirizanitse masamba, koma umakhalabe wamoyo (nthawi zambiri umachitika ndi mapeyala), ayenera kusungidwa ndikuthandizira m'nyengo yozizira. Chaka chotsatira mudzawona kuti chomera chikukula bwino.
Nthaka isanakhale yowonongeka, mitengo ya zipatso imamangidwa kapena kuchitidwa ndi emulsion yapadera. Zingwezi zimateteza mitengoyi kuti isatenthe ndi dzuwa. M'munsimu, zovala zimadetsedwa ndi nthaka kuti ntchentche zisalowe mkati. M'madera omwe hares amafalitsidwa, mtengo umamangirira kwathunthu kapena tsinde, ndipo korona imachiritsidwa ndi emulsion. Musataya nyambo zam'mimba m'munda, izi zimachititsa kuti mbalame ziwonongeke komanso nyama zambiri zothandiza.
Kulima kwa dothi
Monga taonera kale, dothi m'mizere pakati pa mizere ndi mzere musanayambe bwino fruiting (mpaka zaka 5-7) ili mu mkhalidwe wosasuka ndi woyera wa namsongole, ndipo muzu wa mbeu kwa zaka zoyamba 3-4 umasungidwa pansi pa thumba la organic. Pansi pa chingwe amamasula pozungulira masentimita 8 mpaka khumi, malire a korona ndi khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu mpaka makumi awiri ndi awiri. Kusunga yaying'ono-balere pansi pa organic mulch nthawizonse sikutsatira, chifukwa izo zimapangitsa pamwamba kukula kwa mizu. M'tsogolo muno, dera lonselo pansi pa zipatso za mbewu zingathe kuchotsedwa, ndiko kuti, pangani chisakanizo cha udzu wosatha, wopangidwa ndi clover ndi udzu wouma. Kuchokera ku udzu, zomera zosadulidwa zikulimbikitsidwa: bluegrass, udzu udzu, fescue, udzu wa ryegrass, burbot, udzu wa timothy ndi tirigu wa tirigu. Kusakaniza kungakhale ndi mitundu 5-6 ya zomera. Gulu losakaniza ndi loyeneranso cholinga ichi. M'nyengo yotentha, udzu wofiira mpaka kukula kwa 12-15 masentimita umasokonezeka, ndipo malo otsala amakhalapo, ndiko kuti, sod-humus litter imalengedwa. Nthaka ya Sod-humus yomwe ili m'munda sichithira mitengo ya zipatso pa kuthirira, imalimbikitsa mtundu wabwino ndi kusungira zipatso nthawi yosungirako, imapangitsa makhalidwe awo kukhala abwino, imapangitsa kukana kwa zipatso ku matenda.
Feteleza feteleza
Zipatso zazomera zimakhala ndi ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsira ntchito zakudya zomwe zimapezeka m'nthaka. Ngati kubzala mitengo kukuchitika mogwirizana ndi malangizidwe, feteleza oonjezerapo samawonjezera zipatso zabwino zoyambirira (mpaka zaka 5-7). Kufunikira kwa feteleza ntchito kungabwere ngati kukula kwa chaka ndi chaka ndi nthambi zosachepera 40-50 masentimita. Zikatero, zomera panthawi ya mphukira kukula zimayenera kudyetsedwa ndi mineral feteleza (15-20 g) kapena feteleza omwe ali ndi nayitrogeni. 8-10 chisudzulo, pamtunda umodzi wa chingwe). Manyowa amalowa m'zitsime kapena m'madzi, kenako amathirira madzi ndi kumasula nthaka. Komabe, feteleza feteleza sayenera kuchitidwa mopepuka. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa kukula kwa mphukira, koma nthawi yomweyo zimachepetsa nyengo yozizira. Pachifukwa ichi, zonse zimathamanga kuposa 70 masentimita zimachepetsedwa kuti korona isapitirire, yomwe imaletsa kukula kosabala.
Kuchokera m'nthaka ya mitengo ya zipatso ndizosiyana chakudya cha zipatso - zipatso ndi nthambi zochepa, ngati siziwotchedwa m'malo ndipo palibe phulusa. Mtengo wokwana 1 tani ya zipatso ndi 3.0-7.0 kg, phosphorous - 1.6-3.0 kg, potaziyamu - 4.0-7.5 makilogalamu. Malingana ndi zokololazo, zakudya zimachotsedwa, ion ndi mlingo wokonzanso nthaka ndi nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous-feteleza feteleza, poganizira ntchito ya coefficient. Ngati organic feteleza amayamba, ndiye koyeneranso kuganizira nitrojeni, phosphorous potaziyamu mu organic feteleza. Akatswiri ambiri apeza kuti kuchepa kwa feteleza ndi kochepa popanda ulimi wothirira.
Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira feteleza. Malingana ndi momwe mlimi amachitira, njira yeniyeni ya umuna, mizu ndi feteleza za foliar zimalimbikitsidwa.
Ndi njira yofunikira, organic ndi mineral feteleza, phulusa la masamba, zinthu zowonongeka zimayambitsidwa. M'madera onse akumunda, ndizofunikira kuphatikiza fetereza ndi kulima dothi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mizu ikhale yozama kwambiri m'nthaka, kuonjezera kukana kwa zomera kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri. Kwa chaka chachisanu ndi chitatu chachisanu kumbali imodzi ya mzere kuchokera pamphepete mwa korona, pambali pamadzi, ngalande imadulidwa mpaka m'lifupi ndi kuya kwa masentimita 40-60. Zosanjikiza za nthaka zimasungidwa mosiyana ndi zigawo za m'munsi. Potaziyamu feteleza amapanga 20-25 magalamu, ndi phosphorous fetereza - 10-15 magalamu pa lalikulu mita. Ngati phulusa limayambika, ndiye feteleza fetereza amachepetsedwa ndi theka kapena kwathunthu.
Mlingo wa phosphorous-feteleza feteleza m'chaka chonse chodyetsa mtengo wa zipatso umakula katatu ndipo umatsanulira pamtunda wosanjikiza womwe umachotsedwa mumtsinje. Pano pali feteleza zokhazikika zomwe zimaphatikizidwa pa mlingo wa 5-89 makilogalamu pamtunda umodzi ndi zinthu zowonjezera (mandimu, gypsum, ml, etc.) muzinthu zosafunikira. Mavitamini a feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mlingo wa 20 g pa mita imodzi. Manyowa onse amasakanizidwa bwino ndi nthaka ndikuponyedwa mu ngalande, osakaniza mu ngalande ndi pang'ono. Gawo losakwanira la ngalande liri ndi nthaka. Izi zimachitika mwamsanga mutatha kukolola. Pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, mbali ina ya mitengo imathandizidwa mofanana. Kupaka kotereku kumapatsa zomera zokwanira kwa zaka 5-6. Kumapeto kwa nyengoyi, kukonzanso kotereku kumachitika kwina kulikonse. Pang'onopang'ono pali kulima kwakukulu kwa nthaka pansi pa mitengo ya zipatso, zomera zomwe zimadya bwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza bwino.
Manyowa angapangidwe mothandizidwa ndi hydrodrill (mumadzimadzi), komanso m'mitsuko yopangidwa ndi khungu kapena zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Manyowa a nayitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito chaka ndi chaka mpaka 15-20 masentimita. Pa dothi la mchenga, ndi bwino kuwawamasulira pang'ono: 1/3 ya kuwerengedwa kwabwino - kumayambiriro kwa masika pambuyo pa chipale chofewa, 1-3 - mu gawo la kukula kwa mphukira ndi 1/3 - mutatha kukolola. M'madera omwe ali ndi dothi lachonde ndi lophatikizana, theka la nthenda ya nayitrogeni feteleza imayambika kumayambiriro kwa masika, theka lina mutatha kukolola. Phosphorous-phosphorous ntchito yomanga feteleza ndi manyowa, amawonjezeredwa ndi nitrogen feteleza nthawi zonse atatha kukolola. M'malo mwa nitrojeni, grout ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa mu nkhuku ndi mullein.
Pambuyo pochotsa munda, ndibwino kuti muwachiritse ndi njira ya 5-7% ya urea. Mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti azungu azikhala ndi zakudya zabwino komanso azichepetsa matenda awo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza mopanda ntchito.
Good vamurozhaya!