Mpaka posachedwa, aliyense adali ndi chidaliro cha kukula kwa chuma cha Russia, komanso chikhalidwe chofunikira cha anthu ogulitsa malonda-moyo pa ngongole-analonjezedwa "pakali pano". Nthawi yowerengera inayamba, mwachizolowezi, mosayembekezereka. Vutoli linatigwira ife osakonzeka! Kodi ndingathe kugula galimoto kapena nyumba pangongole? Kodi n'zotheka kutenga ngongole pa nyumba yosamaliza? Ndani akupatsidwa ngongole tsopano? Ndipo kodi kuli koyenera kubwereka tsopano, kapena kuli bwino kuti musalowerere ku ngongole ndi mabanki? Tikuyang'ana yankho la mafunso awa palimodzi ...
KUKHALA KWAMBIRI
Chotsatira, pambuyo pa kusasintha kwa chaka cha 1998, mayesero a mphamvu ya mabanki a Russia anachitika patapita zaka 10 - m'chaka cha 2008. Komabe, mantha pakati pa anthu, Bungwe Lalikulu ndi boma linatha kuimitsa, pambali imodzi, ndemanga zolimba za akuluakulu a boma kuti "vuto la Russia siloopsya," ndipo lina likukweza kuchuluka kwa dipatimenti ya inshuwalansi ku ma ruble 700,000. Mu December, zikuonekeratu kuti anthu wamba anasiya kutenga ndalama zawo ku mabanki, ndipo anthuwa sakadandaula za ntchito zawo.
Komabe, kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2010 zinakhala zoonekeratu: mavuto ayamba kumene ndipo sakufuna kuthetseratu. Choyamba, izi zimathandizidwa ndi ngongole "zoipa". Wokongoza ngongole (banking) akangokayikira kuti wobwereka (wogulitsa) adzabwezera ndalama zowongoka (ndi chidwi, ndithudi), ngongole imati "si zabwino". Ngati banki silingapeze phindu kuchokera kwa ngongole, sizingathe kulipira anthu omwe amadzipereka. Zonsezi zakakamiza mabanki kuganizira mozama za ndondomeko yawo ponena za ngongole zoperekedwa. Choyamba, kudalitsidwa kwa mapulogalamu a ngongole. Zakale kwambiri - ngongole yobwereka - inali yoyamba kugunda. Mwamapepala mapulogalamu okongoletsera maofesiwa pa chitetezo cha malo osakhalitsa omwe sakhalamo komanso osatha.
Ndalama zomwe amapereka ngongole yobwera poyerekeza ndi mapeto a chaka chatha adachepera kasanu. Ndalamayi yawonjezeka kawiri (kuyambira 10-15% mpaka 20-30% mu rubles), chiwerengero cha zovomerezeka zomwe zavomerezedwa zakhala zikuchepa kuyambira chaka chatha cha 80 peresenti, pomwe kukula kwa msonkho (pafupifupi 30%) kukuwonjezeka.
Ngongole ya ogulitsa ntchito yachitanso kusintha ndipo si yabwino kwa obwereka mbali. Pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama, mabanki amatseka maofesi a "ndalama zowonongeka", motero zimatikhumudwitsa m'masitolo akuluakulu a zipangizo zam'nyumba chaka chatha. Potsutsana ndi zochitika zowopsya za kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito pa ngongole zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi ndalama zowonjezera ndalama zinadzuka kuti zikhale zolembera (chiwerengero cha 40% ya ndalama zonse za ngongole lero palibe yemwe amadabwa). Pa nthawi yomweyo, eni eni makadi a ngongole anali ndi kuchepetsa kwakukulu mu malire omwe alipo.
WOPHUNZITSIRA WA CHIKONDI CHOPHUNZITSIRA
Pogwirizana ndi vutoli, makhalidwe omwe amatsimikizira mlingo wodalirika wa omwe angathe kukhala kasitomala asintha. Monga malamulo, mabanki amalingalira zinthu zambiri nthawi imodzi: zaka, ntchito, ndalama, ndalama, ndi zina.
Mu gulu la okhwima oopsa, panali antchito m'makampani omwe poyamba ankawoneka kuti ndi otsika kwambiri: mabungwe azachuma ndi zomangamanga, malingaliro ndi bizinesi ya malonda. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mkhalidwe wa ogwira ntchito za boma wasintha kwambiri - iwo akhala makasitomala omwe amafuna kwambiri. Iwo adatenga ndalamazo mosavuta.
Pakati pa mabungwe awo azinthu makampani akufuna ndalama kuwona anthu okhala ndi malo otetezeka. Achinyamata (osakwana 21) opanda ndalama kapena maphunziro apamwamba amalandira ngongole popanda guarantors n'zosatheka.
Kuwala Kumapeto
Tsopano mkhalidwe wa msika wa ngongole ndi wovuta kwambiri. Komabe, motsutsana ndi choonadi chodziwika kuti ndalama zokwera mtengo zimangoyendetsa chuma, sizingatheke kukana chirichonse chofunika. Podziwa izi, boma linakonza mapulogalamu angapo omwe apangidwa kuti azithandiza kulipira ngongole zamagalimoto ndi galimoto. Komabe, choyamba, ntchito yoyamba ndikuteteza anthu omwe alipo kale. Kwa iwo, ndondomeko inakhazikitsidwa pofuna kukonzanso ngongole mothandizidwa ndi bungwe la Housing Mortgage Lending. Boma likulipirira ndalama za ngongole ya galimoto zokhudzana ndi ngongole yokhayokha. Zili ndi zolinga ziwiri kamodzi: kuthandizira mabanki ndi kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha makampani ogulitsa galimoto. Chofunika kwambiri pulogalamuyi ndi kuti kugula mtengo wotsika mtengo (mpaka zikwi 350,000). Galimoto ikhoza kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ngongole pang'onopang'ono. Komabe, kufalikira kwa msika kwa akatswiri a ngongole zothandizira ngongole kumagwirizanitsa kumatchedwa kuti sikungatheke. Mabanki amayenera kutaya phindu lowonjezera lomwe limapereka ngongole, ndi ogula - chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ndalama zosagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi kubwerera ku chitsanzo cha kuwonjezereka kwa zofunazo. Ndipo kuti mudziyankhe nokha funso lakuti "Kodi ndizoyenera kubwereka tsopano?" Ndizolakwika.
ZINTHU ZOFUNIKA KUKHUDZITSA ZINTHU ZOCHITA KUTI AKHALE MKAZI:
1. Mulibe bajeti yanu ya nthawi ya ngongole.
2. Mukufuna kugula chinthu chomwe muli nacho kale.
3. Mukuyenera kulipira ngongole kumapeto kwa malipiro okhudzidwa.
4. Muli kale ndi ngongole.
5. Kugula sikofunika. Ngati mungathe kusuntha cholinga chanu kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yotsatira, mwina simukuyenera kupita ku banki ndalama. Lembetsani zopereka zomwe mumapereka kuti mupereke ndalama zowonjezera, ndipo mutha kukhala ndi mwayi wogonjetsa mtengo wamtengo wapatali.