Timakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikuyang'ana momwe ana athu amaphunzirira kulankhula. Koma ndi ochepa okha omwe amadziwa kuti zaka zoyambirira zomwe zimakondweretsa ndizofunikira kwambiri pa chitukuko cha mwana, chomwe sichikusowa. Kodi ndikulondola bwanji kuti mukulankhula mawu kwa mwana? Kodi ndiyenera kuchitanji makamaka, ndipo mfundo ya "chilengedwe" idzawathandiza bwanji? Ndipo ndiyenera liti kupita kwa katswiri kuti andithandize? Mayankho a mafunso onsewa aperekedwa pansipa.
Chilankhulo ndi malankhulidwe - izi ndizoyamba zimasiyanitsa ife, anthu, kuchokera ku zinyama. Tili ndi zotchedwa "signal signal", zomwe tikhoza kupatsirana pazomwe timauzana. Mchitidwe wa alamu umangoonekera pokhapokha mu njira yolankhulirana ndi mwanayo ndi anthu ena. Ndibwino kuti timapange dongosolo lino, motero tikamapangitsa kuti tizitha kulankhula, tidzakhala ozindikira komanso okhutira kwambiri. Inde, mwana aliyense ali ndi liwiro losiyana la chidziwitso cha chinenerocho, koma mfundo zonse zidalipobe. Chidziwitso chawo chidzakuthandizani kuti musaphonye mwamsanga komanso nthawi yowomba.
KUCHOKERA KUCHAKA CHIWIRI KUCHAKA CHAKA
Kodi mwana angatani?
• Amadziwa dzina lake, komanso mayina a anthu apamtima ndi ziweto.
• Mau ake ali kale mawu 30-40.
• Amayamba kuzindikira mawu ovuta kwambiri, kuwatchula pamene ali ndi ana ake (kamba - "kisya" kapena "ks-ks", agogo - "abambo", galu - "afa", etc.).
• Amadziwa zenizeni zambiri ndikuzigwiritsira ntchito mwakhama.
• Amamvetsetsa zambiri zomwe amva (ngakhale asanalankhule).
• Mungachite zopempha zosavuta ("kubweretsa zopisa", "kunyamula bunny").
• Pakatha chaka ndi theka, kulumphira kwachangu: mwana akhoza kuyamba kulankhula, ngakhale atakhala chete kapena osalankhulidwa.
Mmene mungakhalire ndi makolo?
• Musamutsanzire mwanayo pogwiritsa ntchito mawu omwe ali kumbuyo kwake, koma mosiyana, mum'konzeni mosamvetsetseka, nthawi iliyonse kutchula mawu molondola.
• Lankhulani ndi mwanayo nthawi zonse momwe mungathere, kumapereka zokamba zanu zonse ndi zochita zake ndi mawu.
• Pepani yankho mafunso onse, mwachitsanzo, "Ndi chiyani ichi?", Chimene mwanayo amayamba posachedwa "akugona".
KUCHOKERA KUCHINYAMATA KU MPAKA ZAKA 3
Kodi mwana angatani?
• Ali ndi mawu a 1000-1500 mawu.
• Kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la zolemba zosavuta.
• Pakutha zaka zitatu amagwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zonse zanenedwa komanso amaika ziganizo m'nthaŵi yapitayi.
• Sagwiritsanso ntchito zokhazokha, koma komanso mfundo zowonongeka (chidole, chirombo, chakudya, ndi zina zotero).
• Amadziwa nthawi ya tsiku (m'mawa, tsiku).
• Kufunsa mafunso "Kumeneko", "Kumeneko", "Kuti?", Ndipo ndi zaka zitatu funso lalikulu ndilo "Chifukwa?" (Izi zikutanthauza siteji yatsopano m'maganizo ake).
• Amanena ziganizo zochepa (m'mawu awiri kapena atatu).
• Amatha kunena za maganizo ake ndi maganizo ake.
Mmene mungakhalire ndi makolo?
• Zimakhulupirira kuti poyamba mwanayo akuyamba kufunsa kuti "Chifukwa chiyani"? Ngati patatha zaka zitatu sakufunsanso funsoli, nkofunika kukondweretsa chidwi chake padziko lapansi ndikudzifunsa kuti: "Chifukwa chiyani? Ndipo chifukwa chiyani? "- ndiyankhe nokha.
• Kambiranani zomwe mumawona nthawi zambiri paulendo, pa TV.
• Onetsetsani kuti mukusewera ndi mwanayo (muzipinda zamakono, zisudzo, chipatala, kubisala ndi kufunafuna ...).
• Kambiranani ndi kukambirana zithunzi ndi mwana wanu.
• Phunzirani nyimbo naye.
• Muwerenge nthawi zonse kwa iye mokweza musanagone - nthano zabwino kwambiri (ndipo nthawi zonse muzikambirana za ankhondo).
ZOKHUDZA ZINTHU ZILI, AMADZIWA ZINTHU
Aliyense amakumbukira buku la K. Chukovsky "Kuchokera pa ziwiri mpaka zisanu", momwe mlembi wokondana kwambiri adalongosola mawu a ana ndi mawu a ana - nthawi yomwe ana onse amadutsa m'badwo uno. Bukhuli liri ndi zotsatira za ntchito iyi: mawu ododometsa omwe amachoka mwa ana mwangwiro. "Pahnota" mmalo mwa "kununkhiza", "jumpha" mmalo mwa "kulumpha", "ndimakukondani" mmalo mwa "ndimakukondani", "mabotolo awa ndi abwino, ndipo awa - aang'ono" mmalo mwa "ochepa", "kuwathandiza" m'malo momuthandiza " . Zosiyana "zoopsya", "zanzeru", mawu omveka bwino - "banki", "nakaronilsya", "zokonda", ndi zina zotero. Kukonzekera kotereku kosakhalapo m'chinenerocho, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo kumapangidwa ndi zomveka bwino zomveka bwino za mawu, kumasonyeza kuti mwana waphunzira kalembedwe ndi ndondomeko ya chilankhulocho bwino kwambiri moti zimapanga momasuka zilankhulidwe za chinenero. Ponena za kuvulaza kapena kuwopsa kwa mawu a ana a "nthawi ziwiri kapena zisanu," simukusowa kudandaula: ngati banja (ndi chilengedwe cha mwanayo palimodzi) likulankhula momveka bwino, mwanayo adzazindikira mwamsanga mawu omwe angachoke pa moyo wake wa tsiku ndi tsiku, kuti agawane.
KUCHOKERA KUKHALA KWAMBIRI KUCHOKHALA CHA NORMAL
Mwezi umodzi - akuyang'anirani mosamala pamaso akufuula (pamene muli ndi njala, konyozani mapulogalamu anu, m'mimba mwanu, ndi zina zotero)
Miyezi iwiri - kusindikiza ziwongolero za m'mimba zimayankhidwa, zimayamba kumwetulira
Miyezi itatu - "kuvomereza zovuta": Pamene akumufotokozera, mwanayo akumwetulira, akuyamba kusuntha manja ndi miyendo mwachisawawa, amachititsa nthawi, kumveka
Miyezi inayi - kuseka mokweza, ngati akusewera naye akulira ndi misonzi, pamene chinachake chikukhumudwa kapena chosakondwera; imamveka "aga", "argy", "ega", ndi zina zotero.
Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi - "kuimba": imasindikiza mau omveka a kutalika kwake ndi nthawi yake, amatembenukira mutu wake ku liwu
Mwezi 6 - kutuluka ndi kusep (kumayamba kunena zilembo "ba-ba-ba", "yes-da-da", "na-na-na" etc.), kumayamba kumvetsa mau omwewo ("kupereka", " , "Ponya", "komwe", ndi zina zotero)
Miyezi 7 - kusewera mu "ladushki"
Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi - kutulutsa mawu
Miyezi 9 - kubwereza phokoso la akuluakulu ("Yum-yum", "kys-kys")
Miyezi 10 - imatsanzira mawu ndi mawu
Miyezi khumi ndi iwiri - akuti kubwerako (mafunde ndi cholembera, akuti "pakalipano"), amadziwa funso lakuti "Kuti?", Amatchula mawu osavuta molingana ndi zilembo: "Amayi", "abambo" "amapereka", ndi zina zotero.
Miyezi 12 - akhoza kutchula mau 8-10
ANA AMAFUNIKA
Ndondomeko ya mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha malankhulidwe mwa mwana wotchulidwa pamwambazi ziyenera kutengedwa m'malo momveka bwino. M'magaziniyi, zosankha ndizotheka. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha kafukufuku wopangidwa pakati pa ana a zaka zapakati pa chaka chimodzi (osati kutayika m'maganizo komanso osati ma geeks), zinapezeka kuti mawu osachepera a mwana wa msinkhu uwu angakhale mawu 4-5 okha, ndipo pazipita - 232! Ana ena amanena mawu oyambirira mu miyezi 10, ndipo chaka ndi chaka amasintha. Ena amapitiriza "kukhala chete" kwa zaka pafupifupi ziwiri, kuchotsa mawu achikunja, kenako amawoneka kuti akungoyendayenda: amayamba kulankhula zambiri komanso mosiyanasiyana, nthawi yomweyo kumasulira katundu wawo kukhala chuma. Zonsezi ndi zachilendo, koma nthawi zina, makolo ayenera kukhala okhudzidwa ndikufunsana ndi oyankhula kalankhulidwe:
• Ngati mwana sadziwa bwino mawu (mwachitsanzo, samatchula ma vowels ndi consonants) ndipo amatsalira pambuyo pa anzako (kupatula ana omwe asanabadwe nthawi zambiri omwe amakhala ndi chifuwa cha miyezi 1-2);
• Ngati mwanayo atatha zaka ziwiri akupitirizabe kukhala pamsankhulidwe wa chidziwitso (kubisa ana), akuphwanya milandu ndi chiwerengero, ndiye nkofunika kuyang'ana ndi dokotala-n'zotheka, iye akuthawa, amatchedwa alalia;
• Ngati mwana akupitiriza kuphunzitsa chilankhulochi mpaka zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, izi ndizokayikira za dyspraxia (hypoplasia ya kumva phonemic), zomwe zimafuna chithandizo.
CHITSANZO CHA OPENDA:
Tamara Timofeevna BURAVKINA, wothandizira ana kulankhula
Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, m'mabuku amtundu wamakono pali chizoloŵezi choonjezera zolepheretsa kukulankhulana kwa ana. Lero, mwana aliyense wachinayi wa zaka zapachiyambi amakhala ndi chitukuko chofulumira. Akatswiri amanena kuti izi zimachitika pa ntchito ya makolo ndipo, chifukwa cha kusowa koyankhulana ndi mwanayo, komanso chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kulankhulana kwabwino kwa anthu ambiri pa TV ndi intaneti. Chifukwa china chokhudzidwa ndi kukula kwa kulankhula kwa mwana kungakhale chenjezo lokwanira kwa akuluakulu. Kulankhulana ndi mwana tsiku ndi tsiku, n'kosavuta kuphunzira kumvetsa zovuta zonse kuzindikira mawu. Komano inu mumamulepheretsa zomwe zimalimbikitsanso kulankhula. Pakalipano, pali zovuta kwambiri (zaka 3-4), pambuyo pake "zokhazikika" pa siteji ya mawu odziteteza zimakhala zoopsa osati kokha kuti pakhale chitukuko cha kulankhula kwa mwana wanu, komanso chifukwa cha kukula kwake. Popeza molondola kulankhula chinenero mwa mwana, mumayika "maziko" kuti apambane moyo wake - ndibwino kuti muzichita izi mozama. Ndikofunika kuti tipeze chidziwitso cha chilankhulo, chomwe kusukulu ana amawonetsedwa mu mafunso osatha ponena za dziko lozungulira. Ngati achikulire azikhala osasamala mofulumira (kutsuka ana, kuyankha monosyllabic njira), ana angasiye kufunsa mafunso awo, moteronso maganizo awo akulephereka.