Anatomy: chiwalo cha munthu ndi mtima

Mtima ndi mpopu yamphamvu ya minofu, kuthamanga magazi mwazidziwikiratu. Sungani malangizo a magazi otetezeka ndikuletsa kubwerera kwa magazi m'magetsi anayi a mtima. Mizere ya kumanja ndi kumanzere ya mtima ili ndi valve ziwiri. Pakati pa atrium yoyenera ndi ventricle yoyenera ndi valve yamagetsi, ndipo pamtunda wa thunthu la pulmonary kuchokera ku ventricle yoyenera ndi valve ya mitsempha ya pulmonary. Pakati pa atrium kumanzere ndi kumapeto kwa ventricle pali mitral valve, ndipo mu aortic kuchokera kumanzere ventricle ndi valve aortic. Anatomy: limba la munthu - mtima - ndilofunika kwambiri pamaso pa ubongo.

Zomwe zimapangidwira ndi mitral

Ma tricuspid ndi mitral valves amatchedwa atrioventricular, popeza ali pakati pa atria ndi ventricles m'magawo abwino ndi omanzere a mtima. Zimakhala ndi minofu yowonongeka ndipo imaphimbidwa ndi endocardium - yochepetsetsa yophimba mkati mkati mwa mtima. Pamwamba pa ma valve ndi osalala, ndipo m'munsimu muli mapangidwe a minofu omwe amalumikiza timapepala. Vivus valve ili ndi valve zitatu, ndipo valve ya mitral ili ndi valve ziwiri (imatchedwanso bivalve). Mitsempha ya mitral inadzitcha dzina lake chifukwa cha kufanana kwa mawonekedwe ndi mitambo ya bishopu.

Zojambula zamagetsi zamagetsi

Mphuno yamagetsi yamapiritsi ili pamtunda wa thunthu la pulmonary kuchokera ku ventricle yolondola. Thunthu la pulmonary limanyamula magazi kuchokera pamtima kupita kumapapu. Mwachindunji pamwamba pa ziphuphu zamagetsi za pulmonary mitsempha ndizinyumba zing'onozing'ono zodzazidwa ndi magazi ndi kuteteza kumatira kwa valve ku khoma la pulmonary thunthu pamene valve imatsegulidwa. Panthawi ya systole ya atria, magazi amayenda kudzera m'magetsi otseguka ndi mitral m'matumbo. Panthawi ya systemole ya ventricles, kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi kupsyinjika kumabweretsa kutseka kwa valve atrioventricular. Izi zimalepheretsa kubwerera kwa magazi ku atria. Miphika yamagetsi imagwiritsidwa ndi zingwe, zomwe siziwalola kuti zitseguke chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa mu zinyama. Pambuyo kutsekedwa kwa magetsi a atrioventricular, magazi amayenda kupyolera mumagulu a masana kulowa mu thunthu la pulmonary ndi aorta. Mavenda a semilunar amatsegulidwa chifukwa cha kupsyinjika kwakukulu mu zinyama zam'mimba ndi kugwa mwamsanga pamene systemole imatha ndipo thambo likuyamba.

Ntchito Yamtima

Pogwiritsa ntchito phonendoscope, mumatha kumva kuti kugunda kwa mtima kumaphatikizapo maonekedwe a mitima iwiri. Mphuno yoyamba ikuwonekera pa nthawi yotseka ma valve atrioventricular, ndipo yachiwiri - panthawi yomaliza valve ya pulmonary artery ya a valtic valve. Zingwezi zimachoka kumbali ndi m'munsi mwa valve za tricuspid ndi mitral valves, kenako zimatsogoleredwa pansi ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamatumbo a papillary omwe amapita kumalo amodzi.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito makoswe

Mitsinje imaletsa kutsegula kwa valve ya valve atrioventricular kumalo osokoneza bongo chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwambiri kwa magazi panthawi ya ventricular systole. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumagolovesi omwe ali pafupi, omwe amatsimikizira kuti amatsekedwa mwamphamvu nthawi ya ventricular systole ndipo amaletsa kutuluka kwa magazi kubwerera ku atrium. Vuvu ya aortic komanso mapiritsi a mapiritsi amatchedwanso semilunar. Iwo ali panjira yopulumukira mwazi kuchokera mu mtima ndipo amalepheretsa kubwerera kwa magazi ku zinyama zapakati pa diastole. Mmodzi mwa ma valve awiriwa ali ndi hafu ya mwezi yomwe imapangidwa masamba, ofanana ndi matumba. Zimaphatikizapo minofu yodzigwiritsira ntchito ndipo imayikidwa ndi endothelium. Endothelium amachititsa kuti valvezo zikhale zosalala.