Mwanayo amawerenga molakwika
Luso lowerenga ndilofunika kuti muphunzire bwino. Kukulitsa chidwi cha ana powerenga, aphunzitsi ogwira ntchito amapatsa makolo ndondomeko. Malemba owerengera ayenera kulingana ndi msinkhu wa mwanayo, kukhala wokhutira mtima, chidziwitso. Ndikofunika kupereka mwana wamwamuna kapena wamkazi ufulu wosankha zinthu zowerenga, malingana ndi momwe amamvera komanso ngakhale thanzi lawo. Pofuna kukhala ndi chidwi powerenga, munthu ayenera kukhazikitsa moyo wabwino, kuthandizira mwanayo chikhulupiliro kuti zonse zidzatha. Izi zimayendetsedwa ndi kudziyesa kwa msanga. Tsiku lililonse kwa mphindi imodzi, ophunzira aang'ono amawerenga malembawo, kuwerenga mawerengedwe ndi kulemba zotsatira. Kuyerekeza zotsatira mu sabata kumasonyeza ngati liwiro la kuwerenga lawonjezeka.
Kupambana pophunzitsa kuŵerenga kumadalira makamaka zomwe zimakhudza zochita za mwanayo. Ndipo, mosiyana, kupambana kumapanga cholinga: "Ndikufuna kuwerenga, chifukwa ndikulandira." Simungathe kufunsa kuchokera kwa mwanayo: "Mpaka mutayesetsa mofulumira komanso opanda zolakwa, simungathe kuchoka!". Inde, makolo amafuna kuti mwana wawo aziphunzira kuŵerenga bwino sabata, koma simungamukakamize kuti azikhala nthawi yayitali kuseri kwa bukhuli, kukwiya ngati chinachake chawerengedwa molakwika, chifukwa kutopa ndi kuvutitsa thupi, pamodzi ndi kunyoza ndi kudzudzula, mwana kuchokera m'buku. Ndikofunika kuti mwanayo awerenge mokweza kwa kanthawi kochepa. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti nthawi yowerengera si yofunika, koma nthawi zambiri zochita zolimbitsa thupi. Ndibwino kuti ndikhale owerengeka tsiku ndi tsiku, kapena maola awiri, kuwerenga kwa mphindi zisanu ndikuwerenga zomwe mwawerengazo. Zotsatira zabwino zimaperekedwa mwa kuwerenga musanagone, chifukwa ndi zochitika zomalizira za tsiku lomwe lalembedwa ndi kukumbukira maganizo kwa munthu.
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku kumathandiza kuti apange luso lowerenga, popeza wophunzira wa maphunziro apamwamba akuwerenga ndi wamkulu kapena amawona kuwerenga kwake momveka bwino. Pa nthawi yomweyi amamvetsera momveka bwino, kumapuma komanso kusokonezeka maganizo. Choncho liwiro la kulingalira kwa zizindikiro zozizwitsa, motero liwiro la kuwerenga mwana, likukula. Ngati mwanayo "wonyenga", ndiye kuti mumamuyitanso kuti awerenge komwe kulakwa kunapangidwa.
Ophunzira 1-2 makalasi sangathe kuthamanga powerenga. Kuwerenga mofulumira, monga lamulo, sichidziwa. Kugonjetsa mavuto kumapangitsa kuti boma lisamawonongeke. Mwanayo amawerenga mzere 1-2 ndipo amapeza mpumulo wapang'ono. N'zotheka pakuwonera mafilimu pamene mukuwerenga mabuku a "Kwa ana": Ana a sukulu akugona podziwa mafanizo omwe amatsogolera powerenga ndikukonzekera kuti adziwe ziganizo zotsatirazi.
Kuti muzolowere mwana wanu kapena mwana wanu kuti aziwerenga payekha, mukhoza kuyamba kuwerenga mokweza ndikuyimira pamalo okondweretsa kwambiri. Wokondwa ndi chikhumbo chofuna kudziwa chomwe chidzachitike, wophunzira wa sekondale wachinyamata nthawi zambiri adzapitiriza kuwerenga yekha. Pambuyo pake, nthawi zonse muyenera kufunsa za zomwe akuwerenga, kutamanda ndi kufotokoza chiyembekezo kuti mwanayo adzapitiriza kuŵerenga yekha. Mungathe kuuza mwana kapena mwana wake nkhani yochititsa chidwi kuchokera kuntchito ndipo mmalo moyankha funso la mwanayo "Nchiyani chinachitika kenako?" pemphani kuti mutsirize kuwerenga nokha.
Ndizabwino ngati banja likuwerenga pakhomo mokweza. Kutha kwa kuwerenga koteroko kuyenera kukhala 20-30 mphindi, kuti tipewe kutopa kwa wophunzira wamng'ono. Werengani mabuku omwe mukufuna kuti muyankhule ndi mwana wanu. Simungathe kulamulira ndi kufunsa lipoti (kuti ndiwerenge kuti ndamvetsa zomwe ndimakumbukira), simungathe kuyika maganizo anu. Kusamala, kuthandizira, chidwi cha makolo kuti mwana kapena mwana wawo apambane adzapatsa mwana chidaliro. Chikhalidwe chokomera, komanso chokhazikika chimakhudza ubwino wa mwanayo ndipo chimathandiza kuthana ndi mavuto.
Bukhuli mu banja
Kukhalapo kwa mabuku mu banja sikukutanthauza kuti ana angakonde kuŵerenga ndipo sadzakhala ndi mavuto enieni ku sukulu ya pulayimale. Mukamapanga chidwi cha owerenga, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti awerenge zosiyana zolemba mabuku: nthano, nkhani, sayansi, ndakatulo, humoresks, nkhani, ndi zina zotero. Ndi zofunika kuti nyumbayi ikhale ndi ngodya yowerengera. Laibulale ya sukulu yachinyamata imapangidwira, malinga ndi zofuna zake, kugonana ndi msinkhu, komanso zinthu zomwe zingatheke m'banja. Mu ngodya yakuwerenga ayenera kukhaladi ntchito zapadera zomwe ana amakonda. Mwinamwake izi zidzakhala mabuku oyambirira omwe ali ndi cholembedwa chosakumbukika, chimene makolo adapereka, kapena mwinamwake nkhani yokhudza nyama yokondedwa kapena nkhani yovina.
Ndikoyenera kuti mukhale ndi ndondomeko ya banja, zokhudzana ndi sayansi, zotchuka ndi zojambula pa sukulu ya sukulu zomwe zingathandize ana kukonzekera makalasi, komanso mabuku ndi nthawi, kukakamiza mwanayo kuti apange luso lawo. Mndandanda wamabukuwa "Ndikuzindikira dziko," "Encyclopedia of the Junior High School", otanthauzira mawu, ma atlases, etc. Age age school - nthawi yofuna mayankho a mafunso ambiri. Akatswiri a zamaganizo amati mwana wamng'ono kwa tsiku amapempha kuti ayankhe mafunso 200. Ndili ndi zaka, chiwerengero chawo chicheperachepera, koma mafunso okhawo amakhala ovuta kwambiri.
Zimadziwika kuti ana a sukulu ang'onoang'ono amakonda kumvetsera kuwerenga kwa wina m'malo mowerengera okha, choncho ndikofunikira kuti azidziwerengera pang'onopang'ono. Makolo ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti chilakolako chowerenga sichikhala mwa ana ndi zofuna zina: masewera, masewera a pakompyuta, kuonera TV kapena kanema. Kuti muthandize mwana wanu wamwamuna kuti apeze zovuta muzinthu zosiyana siyana ndikusankha buku linalake lowerenga, muyenera nthawi ndi nthawi kupita kukacheza ndi mwana wanu. Zimalangizanso kugula mabuku ndi ana, musanayambe kutero, ndibwino kuti mudziwe bwino zomwe akuwerenga: werengani zolemba kapena aderesi kwa owerenga, onani masamba angapo, samalirani mafanizo ndi mapangidwe.
Kwa ophunzira ku sukulu ya pulayimale, ndi bwino kugula mabuku ofunda ndi zithunzi zazikulu. N'kofunika kuti ana aziloweza mutu wa bukulo, dzina la wolemba, ndipo yesetsani kupeza zambiri zokhudza iye. Ndikofunikira kuphunzitsa ana, powerenga okha, kukonza mafunso omwe amadza, kuti athe kufunsa akuluakulu kapena kuwerengera zazinthu zolembazo. N'zotheka kulangiza kwa mwana wamwamuna kapena wamkazi malo osangalatsa kuchokera m'buku kuti alembere m'bukulo kapena, ngati bukuli ndilo, lembani molondola pamphepete. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuphunzitsa wophunzirayo kuwerenga mosamala, kufufuza tanthauzo la lirilonse. Thandizani mwanayo kuti awerenge masewera osavuta: "Kumbukirani ntchitoyi ndi malemba kapena mafanizo", "Pangani zojambula za bukhu", "Sindikirani magazini yolemba pamanja," ndi zina zotero.
Musakhale mabwenzi ndi masamu
Masamu ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amalingalira komanso amatha kulingalira mozama ndi kulingalira ndi chifukwa. Mu masamu, monga mu masewera, munthu sangathe kupambana bwino poona zochitika za ena. Timafunikira masewero olimbitsa thupi omwe ali ogwirizana ndi ntchito ya malingaliro, motsogoleredwa ndi zomwe mwanayo amayamba pang'onopang'ono kuti adziwone poyamba, ndizovuta komanso zovuta kwambiri. Motero ubongo umene umaphunzitsidwa umayamba kusintha. Izi ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pophunzira masamu.
Kawirikawiri, ana akamayankha kapena kuthetsa mavuto amagwiritsa ntchito ma template. Komabe, pang'onopang'ono zovuta komanso zambiri zomwe zimayenera kuphunziridwa zikuwonjezeka. Kulephera kukumbukira kumafuna khama lalikulu kuchokera kwa wophunzira wapamwamba wa sekondale, chifukwa cha masamu amamuvuta kwambiri moti safuna kuti aphunzire konse. Kulingalira koteroko kwa mwana wamkulu kumakhala kolakwika chifukwa cha ulesi kapena kusakhoza masamu. Zinachitika kuti nthawi zambiri amati: "Anayamba masamu", ndiko kuti, panali mavuto enieni. Koma ndizomveka kunena kuti: "Tayamba masamu."
Makolo ayenera kukumbukira zotsatirazi:
● Mu masamu, chinthu chachikulu ndikumvetsetsa, osati kuloweza pamtima, makamaka kuti kusinthika kwapadera kwa zinthu zomwe amaphunzira kumapereka zonse.
● Ngati mwana sadziwa masamu pamasukulu a pulayimale, ndiye kuti wina sayenera kuyembekezera kupambana kwake m'kalasi yapakati komanso yapamwamba kwambiri.
● Mayankho abwino ndi omveka ku mafunso oyenera "Kodi zidzakhala zingati?" ndi "Mungapeze bwanji?" komabe sakupatsani chitsimikizo chathunthu kuti ndi masamu pa mwana kapena mwana aliyense adzakhala mwa njira.
● Achinyamata okalamba amafunika thandizo lachikulire. Chifukwa cha zikhalidwe zakale, sangathe kuyesa bwino ubwino wa chidziwitso chake, zomwe zimalepheretsa kufanana kwa maphunziro.
Kuti muwone kuzama kwa kumvetsetsa komanso khalidwe labwino la chidziwitso cha masamu, m'pofunika kuyang'anitsitsa makalata a zochita zowonongeka kwa mwanayo pokonza zojambula, zithunzi ndi zithunzi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wophunzira akudula mtunda wa 10 m kuchokera pa chingwe, ndi chimodzi mwachisanu cha kutalika kwa chingwe? "Akupeza yankho mothandizidwa ndi gululi, iye sanaganizire nkomwe, kapena akuganiza molakwika. Ndipo ngakhale ntchito yowonjezera ikasankhidwa kuti ipeze yankho la vutoli, ndiye mwana kapena mwana wamkazi ayenera kufotokoza chifukwa chake anathetsera vutoli mwanjira iyi. Kutchulidwa kwa ulamuliro mu bukhuli ndi ndewu yabwino, koma osati yokhutiritsa kwambiri. Funsani mwanayo kuti atenge chidutswa (chingwe) ndi kufotokozera izi: zomwe zimadziwika mu ntchito, zomwe mungapeze, chifukwa chofunikira kuwonjezeka. Ntchito yothandizayi idzathandiza wophunzira kumvetsa bwino ntchitoyo ndi njira yake yothetsera, komanso wamkulu kuti aone momwe mwanayo akuphunzire.
Zolembedwa mwatsatanetsatane
Kulemba kolakwika ndi kosavomerezeka kumakhala cholepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito kalata ngati njira yolankhulirana. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kulembera pamanja kulemba ana kumachita zinthu mwadongosolo, mwakhama, changu pa ntchito iliyonse, kumapangitsa maphunziro apamwamba a mwana wa sukulu wamng'ono.
Kwa ophunzira a kusukulu ya pulayimale, kulemba kwachizolowezi kumakhala kofanana, koma patapita nthawi, mbali zina za kulembedwa pamanja zimawoneka mwa ana. Pali zifukwa zotsatirazi zomwe zimachitika:
● Nthawi zambiri mwana wochenjera amalemba molondola komanso molondola.
● Ana ena amalembera pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi momwe akufunira. Zotsatira zake, zimathamanga ndi kuphwanya malamulo a zojambula zithunzi.
● Ngati wophunzira sangawerenge bwino kapena saphunzira pulogalamuyo, ndiye kuti amakhalabe ndi ntchito ndipo, motero, amalembera.
● Ana ena amalembedwa kulemba kulephera kuwona bwino, magalimoto komanso matenda ena. Zikatero, makolo ayenera kuwona dokotala.
Ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kupambana kwa kulembedwa kwa luso, makamaka pokonza zolembedwa pamanja, kumadalira makamaka ngati ana amatsatira miyezo yoyenera yaukhondo. Kuti muzindikire kulondola koyenera, njira yopezera cholembera ndi njira zolembera ndizotheka kokha ndi kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse ndi akulu. Mawu akuti "Musakhale monga choncho" kapena "Cholakwika chogwirira cholembera" chithandizo pang'ono. Ophunzira a Junior sakusowa kuti afotokoze, komanso kusonyeza momwe angakhalire ndi kugwira cholembera. Kutalika kwa kalata yopitilirayo sikuyenera kupitirira mphindi zisanu m'kalasi yoyamba, mu 2 - 8 mphindi, III - Mphindi 12, mu IV - 15 Mphindi.
Ndibwino kuti, pamodzi ndi mwanayo, tifufuze zolephera za kalata yake, kuti tisonyeze zopotoka mu mawonekedwe, kukula kwake, kukula kwake, kutsetsereka ndi kuphatikiza makalata, moleza mtima kuti athandize kuchita zolimbitsa thupi. Kuphwanya malamulo kumachitika kawirikawiri chifukwa chakuti ana samatsatira momwe bukuli likunenera. Malingaliro a cholembera pamapeto pa tebulo ayenera kukhala pafupifupi ofanana ndi madigiri 25. Kuti musunge malowa, mukhoza kuyika pepala lofiira (makamaka green) patebulo. Adzasonyeza wophunzira wamng'onoyo momwe angaikire cholembera molondola. Palembedwe, bukhuli liyenera kusunthira pambali. Chiyambi cha mzere chiyenera kutsogolo pakati pa chifuwa. Kusunga malo otere a makalata m'mawu kwa ana kudzathandiza zolemba zolembera zokhala ndi zinthu zomwezo ndi malo osungiramo katundu, omwe amachokera ndi dashes.
Kupanga malo otsika a makalata ndi danga pakati pa makalata ndi zida zawo mwanayo adzapindula ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Iwo amafalitsidwa ndi inki wakuda ndikuyika pansi pa pepala pomwe wophunzira amalemba. Mu galasi yochepa, selo iliyonse ili ndi selo yakeyake. Komabe, ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti kalata yoteroyo imakhala yochepa, ndipo mphamvu ya ntchitoyo ndi yochepa. Kukhazikitsa malemba okongola ochokera kwa ana n'kotheka kokha pamene wophunzira wamkuluyo amayesetsa mwakhama kuti azitsatira malamulo. Chidwi chidzauka ngati wophunzira akuzindikira kuti alibe chidziwitso, amvetse tanthauzo la zochitika zomwe adazichita, ndipo ali ndi chidwi chokwaniritsira cholinga.
Ntchito zapakhomo
Nthawi zina ana a sukulu achinyamata, ngakhale omwe amaphunzira bwino, amavutika ndi ntchito zawo zapakhomo. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mavuto ovuta kwambiri ku sukulu ya pulayimale. Pachifukwa ichi, makolo ayenera kudziwa ngati mwanayo angathe kupirira. Ngati ayi, ndiye akusowa thandizo. Mu miyezi yoyamba yophunzitsira pamene mukuchita homuweki, ndibwino kukhala ndi mwanayo, koma osanena, kuganizira, kapena kudzudzula chifukwa cholephera. Ndikofunika kufufuza ngati wophunzirayo akhala pansi nthawi yophunzira, kaya alemba kabukuka, kaya amvetsetse bwino. Ndibwino kuti aphunzitse mwana kapena mwanayo kuyamba maphunziro panthawi imodzimodzi, kuwaphunzitsa mmene angachitire malo ogwirira bwino ntchito, pamene zonse zofunika kuti ntchito ya kusukulu ikhale yosungidwa.
Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mwanayo akuyamba kugwira ntchito ndi zinthu zomwe zinali panthawiyi. Izi zidzalola wophunzira kuti asayiwale kufotokozera kwazinthu zatsopano, malamulo ochita ntchito, ndi zina zotero. Sikoyenera kumaliza ntchitoyo kamodzi, zikhala bwino ngati mwana wa sukulu akubwerera kwa iye, tsiku lomwe lisanafike phunzirolo. Ndikofunika kuyamba ntchito yopanga homuweki kuchokera ku phunziro lomwe silili lovuta kwa wophunzirayo. Simungakhoze kuiwala za kusinthasintha kwa ntchito zamakalata ndi zolemba. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti musanayambe kuchita zolembedwa, nkofunika kubwereza malamulo omwewo.
Ndikofunika kuphunzitsa mwana kugwira ntchito ndi zojambula zokha pokhapokha ngati sakudziwa zenizeni za chisankho chake, komanso kuti akhale ndi mwayi womvetsa bwino nkhaniyo. Kuti muphunzitse mwana kudalira nzeru zawo komanso osakhala ndi malingaliro, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito chithandizo chophimba. Pankhaniyi, makolo anganene motere: "Kodi mukukumbukira kuti ndi bwino kuyamba ndi ..." kapena "Ndizoyenera kuchita ...", ndi zina zotero. N'zotheka kutamanda mwana pasanafike, izi zidzakulitsa chikhulupiriro cha mwanayo mu mphamvu zawo: Kwa inu, mwakhama kwambiri, chirichonse chiyenera kutembenuka ... ". Ntchito zonse zolemba kunyumba zomwe wophunzira ayenera kuchita, ngakhale atakhala pasukulu, kuti pasakhale zoperewera mu chidziwitso. M'banjamo ndikofunika kukhazikitsa chikhalidwe chokomera, kumvetsetsa, ndiye ntchito yolemba kunyumba idzakhala njira yosangalatsa.