Kuyambira kale, anthu akhala akufunafuna njira zosunga zakudya zosiyanasiyana popanda kutaya zakudya zawo. M'mayiko osiyanasiyana, pansi pa zochitika zosiyanasiyana za nyengo ndi mikhalidwe ya zakudya, njira yosungirako nthawi yaitali, yomwe imagwira bwino kwambiri yomwe imawoneka ngati yozizira. Ku Russia wakale, chifukwa chaichi, adaphunzira momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mabokosi a ayezi omwe adadulidwa m'nyengo yozizira pa mitsinje kapena mapulogalamu odzaza madzi omwe amapanga madzi. Chipale chofewacho sichinasungunuke ngakhale m'nyengo ya chilimwe, ndipo chimakhala ngati firiji yamakono.
Pakalipano, kusungidwa kwa mankhwala kudzera mu njira zosiyanasiyana za kuzizira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi . Osati kokha chifukwa cha kusungirako kwawo kwa nthawi yaitali, komanso chifukwa chosintha chikhalidwe chawo pokonzekera processing, polekanitsa madzi owonjezera, komanso popanga mankhwala, kusunga kukoma ndi khalidwe lomwe chisanu ndilofunika - ayisikilimu Mwachitsanzo.
Chofunika kwambiri cha kuzizira chimakhala kuchepetsa kutentha komwe kumakhala pansi pa kacoscopic, yomwe madzi omwe ali mumitengo yachisanu imamera. Zoonadi, chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa mgwirizano ndi zakudya zosiyana, pali njira zosiyanasiyana komanso njira zozizira. Njira zodziwika kwambiri komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito zimadziwika, zomwe zimakhala zotsika mtengo komanso zapamwamba kwambiri zamagetsi zimapangidwa - njira zovuta.
Masiku ano, matekinoloje apadera apangidwa kuti alolere kuteteza zinthu zopindulitsa ndi mavitamini zomwe zili muzinthu zozizira. Chifukwa chake, njira yozizira kwambiri ya mankhwala imatenga nthawi yambiri, chifukwa nyama, nsomba, nsomba, zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, bowa, zinthu zina zimagwira mosiyana ndi kutentha. Komanso, nthawi ya kuzizira imakhudzidwa ndi makulidwe a phukusi. Chomerachi chimakhala chozizira kwambiri pamene chirikatikati kutentha kwake kumadumpha mpaka madigiri -6 a Celsius.
Pofuna kufalitsa mankhwala lero, njira ziwiri zikuluzikulu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito : mphepo yoziziritsa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito friji. Njira yoyamba ndi njira yazaka 70 zomwe zimadodoma. Chinthu chake chachikulu ndi chakuti palibe chofunika chokhala ndi zotetezera, ndipo chifukwa cha kuzizira kofulumizitsa kuthamanga kwabwino ndi kukoma kwa zinthu zakuda pafupifupi sikusiyana ndi zatsopano. Kachipangizo kowopsya kowonongeka kamagwiritsidwanso ntchito bwino pokonzekera mbale zopangidwa kale, zomwe, zisanayambe kutumikira, zimangotenthedwa mu uvuni wa microwave.
Njira zovuta kuzizira zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito mofulumizitsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosasinthasintha, pogwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira - nsomba zamadzi, zakudya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi masamba, magawo a nsomba, zipatso ndi zipatso. Ndi njira iyi yoziziritsa, mankhwala opangidwa ndi khalidwe amapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito madzi oundana. Zamadzimadzi ndi zamasamba - pastes, pastas, ayisikilimu - ali ndi mazira ena apadera omwe amatchedwa friezers.
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito kuzizira imaphatikizapo kuzizira kosavuta, pamene zinthuzo, pamalopo, zimakhala zozizira bwino. Ikufunikiranso zonse kuyandikira, kuchepetsa ndalama, njira yowonjezera yowonjezera imagwiritsidwa ntchito: yoyamba mothandizidwa ndi zinthu za cryogenic, ndiyeno ndi mpweya wozizira. Chitsanzo cha zipangizo zoterozo chingakhale ngati firiji ndi chisanu chochokera ku nayitrogeni yamadzi.
Kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi chaka chilichonse kumaphatikizapo njira zowonjezera kale zowonjezereka , kukonzanso ndondomeko yokhayo komanso njira zowonetsera kuti phindu likhale lofunika komanso zakudya zamagulu. Ndipo tsiku lina, ndithudi, lidzapezeka njira yabwino yowonjezeredwa , yomwe ikugwiritsira ntchito yomwe potsirizira pake idzachotsa mzere pakati pa mankhwala atsopano ndi omwe akugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu.