Nthawi yopuma
Kusintha mpaka kukhwima kumakhala pang'onopang'ono. Zigawo zake sizigwirizana kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa chilengedwe monga momwe umaphunzitsira komanso maphunziro oyenerera. Kusintha kuchoka pa siteji imodzi kupita kumalo kungakumbukidwe mwa kupititsa kafukufuku wa chilolezo choyendetsa sukulu kusukulu kwa ophunzirira kusukulu kapena kukondwerera zaka 18. Chochitika chirichonsechi chimayimira njira imodzi paulendo wautali wopita kukhwima ndi ufulu.
Cholinga cha kudziimira
M'madera amasiku ano zingakhale zovuta kudziwa ngati mwana atha kudziimira yekha. Mwachitsanzo, ophunzira ambiri a zaka 25 akudalirabe makolo awo.
• Kudzikonda, zonse zachuma ndi zamaganizo, ndikofunika kuti munthu akhwime. Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kudziwa zaka zomwe zakwanilitsa, kapena udindo wawo. Ndiponso, chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mitengo ya malonda, pali chizoloŵezi cha kukhala motalikira kunyumba kwa makolo. Ali mwana, zizindikiro zoyamba za ufulu wodziwidwa ndi ana ndizo "ayi" kapena "Ndikufuna kuzichita ndekha". Ana akamayamba kusangalala ndi ufulu wawo, amadziŵa kuti ali ndi umunthu wosiyana ndi makolo awo. Kulimbana ndi mkwiyo, kumakhala ndi zaka ziwiri, ndiko chizindikiro chakuti ana amafuna kuchita okha. Komabe, chikhumbochi chikuphatikizidwa ndikumverera kokwiya chifukwa cholephera kuthana ndi mavuto onse a dzikoli. Ali ndi zaka pakati pa zaka ziwiri ndi zitatu, ana ambiri amayamba kudzimva okha ngati munthu wodziimira. Kudzidziwitsa kumabweretsa zizindikiro zoyamba za chifundo - kuthekera kumvetsetsa ndikuyankha moyenera kumverera kwa ena.
Kupanga chisankho
Nthawi yokula ndi nthawi imene mnyamata amasankha kuti asiye zakale ndikukhala munthu wosiyana kapena kuyesera kudziphatikizapo chizoloŵezi choyamba payekha. Njira yopita kukhwima ikuphatikizapo magawo ena m'moyo wa wachinyamatayo. Mwachitsanzo, kupitiliza mayesero oyendetsera galimoto ndi chitsanzo cha kufalikira kwa ufulu. Kukwiya koopsa kwambiri pa ana omwe akung'ono akuchitira umboni kuti akulimbana nawo pakati pa chikhumbo chofuna kudziimira okha komanso kuti sangathe kudzisamalira okha. Katswiri wa zamaganizo Eric Erickson ankakhulupirira kuti achinyamata onse amakumana ndi vuto la umunthu - mfundo yomwe munthu wamkulu angayambe njira imodzi kapena ina. Zili choncho pamene mwana sakudziwa yemwe akufuna kudziwona yekha komanso momwe angafunire kudziwonetsera yekha. Pa nthawiyi, achinyamata amayamba kuyesa ndi zovala ndi khalidwe labwino mu ubale ndi moyo
Kusintha kwa kusintha
Mosiyana ndi Erickson, akatswiri ena amalingaliro a maganizo amanena kuti kusintha kwa umunthu kumadalira kwambiri kusintha kwa chilengedwe kusiyana ndi zaka zakubadwa kapena kusakaniza. Amakhulupirira kuti muzochitika zatsopano, kusintha kumachitika kwa munthu wokhwima mwachinsinsi payekha, ndipo ndondomekoyi ikhoza kupitiliza moyo wonse. Anthu amene akufuna maphunziro apamwamba, kusintha kwakukulu kumachitika pa maphunziro awo ku koleji kapena ku yunivesite, osati kusukulu.
• Kumva kuti ndiwe gulu lachitukuko n'kofunika kwambiri kwa achinyamata, komanso kulandiridwa pakati pa anzawo. Achinyamata amakonda kugaŵana zofuna za anzanu m'nyimbo ndi zovala. Kumapeto kwa zaka zapakati pazaka zapakati pamakhala kukana kwapang'onopang'ono kwa chibwenzi mu chikhalidwe chomwecho. M'magulu amtundu uliwonse, maanja nthawi zambiri amapangidwa. Ofufuzawa anapeza kuti khalidwe labwino la mwana wachinyamata limalimbikitsidwa bwino kuti akwaniritse zomwe iyeyo ndi makolo ake amauza ena malingaliro awo mwachikondi.
Ubwenzi
Maganizo a kukhala gulu ndi ofunika pamene achinyamata salowerera nawo mbali - awa si ana, koma osati akuluakulu. Akatswiri ena a zachikhalidwe cha anthu amanena kuti achinyamata amapanga chikhalidwe chawo mosiyana, mogwirizana ndi anthu ena onse. Chithunzi cha ubwenzi ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu chimasintha pamene akukula. Pa nthawi ya kutha msinkhu, ubwenzi umayang'aniridwa kwambiri mu chikhalidwe chogonana pakati pa magulu ang'onoang'ono. Pakatikati paunyamata, magulu akuluakulu okhudzana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amapangidwa. Akatswiri ambiri amaganizo amakhulupirira kuti kusintha kwakukulu kwa umunthu wa achinyamata kumakhudzidwa ndi zochitika zina ndipo kusintha kwakukulu kumachitika m'mabungwe apamwamba ndi apamwamba, osati kusukulu.
Kupatukana ndi banja
Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi ya kutha msinkhu, kugwirizana kumagwirizana ndi ntchito zofanana, ndipo pakapita nthawi, atsikana akulimbikira kwambiri kukwaniritsa ndi kuika patsogolo kwambiri mabwenzi pakati pa anzawo.
Chikhalidwe
Pamene mukukula, malingaliro angakwaniritsidwe. Mphamvu ya maganizo osadziwika amalola achinyamata kuti apereke njira zina zosiyana, zachipembedzo, zandale komanso za makhalidwe abwino. Akuluakulu, omwe ali ndi moyo wawo wamkulu, amakhala ndi malingaliro owona komanso osagwirizana pakati pa malingaliro awiriwa nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "nkhondo zachiyambi." Cholinga cha banja lililonse ndikumuthandiza mwanayo kuti alankhule ndi makolo ake kuti apitirize kumvetsera malangizo awo, koma pa nkhani ya ufulu waukulu.
Muzilemekeza
Gawo lomalizira la kukula, pamene ana adakalibe ndalama, lingakhale lovuta kwambiri. Banja liyenera kusinthasintha ku zikhalidwe za magulu awiri a akulu omwe amatsogolera miyoyo yosiyana. Achinyamata amafunikira ufulu woyendayenda, chinsinsi; iwo akufuna kutenga abwenzi awo mnyumba ndikuganiza kuti akhoza kudzuka ndi kugona akamafuna. Koma kuti akhale wotsimikiza kuti ali wamkulu, munthu ayenera kukhala wodziimira komanso wopanda ulamuliro wa makolo.