Matendawa sanafike pofufuzidwa, zomwe zimapatsa mwayi wochulukitsa kafukufuku, kufotokoza ndi kufotokozera zovuta zowonongeka.
Lingaliro lenileni la "alalia" labwereza mobwerezabwereza ndi kusinthidwa. Mtsutso pakati pa asayansi ukupitilirabe, pa nkhani za mawu omveka bwino, njira zothandizira, komanso mndandanda, pansi pa alalia. Masiku ano, ambiri omwe ali pansi pa alalia amamvetsetsa kuti kulibe kapena kusalankhula bwino, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala ku malo ena okhudza chiwalo cha ubongo. Kawirikawiri matenda oterowo amakula ngakhale panthawi yomwe mwana akukula.
Alalia ndi chiyani?
Alalia ndi njira yowonongeka yopangidwira, yomwe chiwonetsero cha pulogalamu yamakono chimaphwanyidwa, komanso dongosolo la lexic-grammatical system.
Kawirikawiri, pamene matendawa amapezeka, njira yolankhulirana, monga lamulo, idzachitika panthawi ya chikhalidwe cha matenda oyambitsa matenda. Malingana ndi mawonetseredwe ake ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chikhalidwe chopanda chitukuko cha chinenero, alalia ndi osasinthasintha.
Kawirikawiri, malinga ndi kusiyana kwa mawonekedwe, matendawa amagawidwa m'magulu angapo. Kawirikawiri ndichikhalidwe cha alalia. Chigawo ichi chimachokera pazifukwa zoyenera kuganizira za kupweteka kwa ubongo.
Kusiyanitsa magulu otere a alalia:
Motor alalia - (Broca pakati) akuwonetsedwa ndi chisokonezo chapakati chapakati cha mawu motor analyzer;
Sensory alalia - ikuphatikizidwa ndi chotupa cha gawo lapakati la recursion analyzer, ndipo amadziwonetseratu kuti ndilopweteka pazomwe zimakhala zochepa kwambiri za gyrus yapamwamba kwambiri;
Sensomotor alalia - kawirikawiri zimaphatikizapo zizindikiro za alalia awiri omwe tatchulidwa pamwambapa.
Kukonzekera.
Allaia, monga matenda ena alionse, amachiza ndi kupewa. Chithandizo cha alalia ndicho kukonzanso zofooka zomwe zimatuluka pothandizidwa ndi zotsatira zovuta pa chifukwa.
Njira yovuta yomwe ili pansi pa alalia ndi cholinga chokhazikitsa ntchito zonse zolankhula, ndipo ndizochita nthawi yaitali komanso nthawi yambiri. Chifukwa cha kukonzekera, munthu amatha kuwona momwe zimakhalira pamalankhulidwe, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito za chidziwitso, kupititsa patsogolo nzeru, kupititsa patsogolo luso la magalimoto, kupanga mapangidwe apamwamba a masamu, kupanga mapangidwe a maganizo, ndi zina zotero. Ntchito yokonzanso cholinga chake makamaka pogonjetsa motor alalia, kupanga njira zoyankhula. Ntchito ikuchitidwa pamalankhula ndi umunthu wonse, machitidwe a chitukuko cha malankhulidwe ndi malamulo a chikhalidwe cha chinenero amalingalira. Choncho, pakuchita zofunikira zonse: cholinga chimapangidwa; kuwonongeka kwake kwapadera kumachitika; pali njira yosankhidwa yotsatila ndi yowonjezera; Kukonzekera kwa zilembo kumakwaniritsidwa; mkatikati pulogalamu ya mawu; cholinga cholankhulana chimapangidwa;
Kuyankhula bwino kumayamba, kuyamba ndi luso logwiritsa ntchito bwino chidziwitso, kutengera zochitika zosiyanasiyana, ndikugonjetsa. Malangizo ofunikira ndi othandiza ndi chitukuko cha zochita zopanda malire kuphatikizapo kulankhula. Kawirikawiri njira iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa.
Mmene mungayankhulire ndi mwanayo?
Kulunjika kwa kulankhula, kumapangitsa kuti mwanayo asamangidwe bwino, chifukwa cha kusatheka kwa kulankhulana nthawi zonse, ndi njira zonse zokhudzana ndi kulankhula. Ndiye makolo ali ndi funso, momwe angakonzere kukambirana ndi mwana wosalankhula m'banja? Lamulo lalikulu kwa makolo ndizokonza nthawi yake, komanso kulankhulana nthawi zonse ndi mwanayo. Kwa ichi, chinthu chimodzi chiyenera kuwerengedwa. Moyo waumunthu umagonjetsedwa ndi nyimbo inayake, monga umboni wa chikhalidwe cha mtima, kutengeka kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha, kusintha kwa nyengo, magawo a tsiku, ndi zina zotero. Choncho, pochita ndi mwana wosalankhula, gwiritsani ntchito khalidweli. Mukamayankhula, gwiritsani ntchito chitsanzo chokhazikika. Njira yabwino yoyankhulirana ndiyo nyimbo ndi ndakatulo. Komanso, ndakatulo ndi nyimbo za ana zingasankhidwe pa nthawi iliyonse. Malangizo ena omwe amavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito vesi kulankhulana ndi chakuti monga ana ali ndi mphamvu yomveka bwino ya vesi, choncho njira iyi yolankhulana idzakhala yogwira mtima kwambiri. Komanso, mukalankhulana, gwiritsani ntchito kuyanjana kwa kulankhula ndi kayendedwe ka ziwalo zazikulu. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kayendetsedwe ka goli ndi mapewa. Komanso, panthawi yolankhulirana, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zinapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a masewera. Kuti mudziwe zolinga ndi zosowa za mwanayo, gwiritsaninso ntchito manja, pomwe nthawizonse mumatchula mawu, mayina, zochita zanu. Tulankhulani chirichonse, ndikugogomezera bwino syllable iliyonse. Mwachitsanzo, mukamapereka chakudya, mubwere ndi zolemba zochepa, kapena muwone kuti "ku-sha-ti" momveka bwino, mukugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chovomerezedwa ndi katswiri, kapena mukukonzekera, mukuganizira zomwe mwanayo ali nazo.
Musamukakamize mwanayo kuti abwereze, kapena kung'ung'udza, ngati chinachake chikulakwika. Khalani wodekha ndikulekerera, musaiwale kutamanda mwana wanu kuti apambane. Kumbukirani kuti pokhapokha palimodzi ndi mankhwala, gwiritsani ntchito ndi akatswiri ndi ntchito yanu yolunjika ndi mwana yemwe mungathe kukwaniritsa zotsatira. Musamuyambitse mwanayo pogwiritsa ntchito kuyankhulana, musiye kupumula, pamene akufuna chinachake, muyeseni kunena za izo. Ngakhale mwanayo ali wamanyazi, choyamba mutsitsimutse, yesetsani kulingalira chikhumbo chake ndikumupempha kuti asonyeze, kapena kunena (mawu) zomwe akufuna. Potero, pokonzekera kulankhulana ndi mwana wosalankhula, muyambitsa chiyanjano chopempha chiyanjano kwa mwanayo.